首先有几种英语表达（用英语进行比较的五种方式）

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首先有几种英语表达

Hi, I'm Maria.

嗨，我是玛利亚。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到牛津大学在线英语课程！

In this lesson, you can learn how to compare and contrast things in English.

在本节课里，你将会学习怎样用英语进行比较和对比。

When you compare two — or more — things, you need to talk about similarities and differences between them.

在比较两个或更多的事物时，你需要谈论它们之间的类似之处或区别。

This is a very global skill; it could be useful in spoken English, or in writing.

这是一项非常全面的技能，在英语口语或写作都是很有用的。

In this lesson, you'll learn different language you can use to talk about how similar or different two things are.

在本节课里，你会学到不同的说法来谈论两种事物的相似性或区别。

We'll cover many different topics, to show you different ways to use your new language.

我们会涵盖很多不同的主题，来告诉你如何以不同方式使用这些新表达。

Let's start by seeing how you can talk about big differences.

让我们从谈论较大的区别开始吧。

Our topic for this section is travel.

本部分的主题是旅行。

So, you went to Vietnam and Laos, right?

你去了越南和老挝，对吗？

What did you think?

你觉得怎么样呢？

They were both great, but totally different.

它们都很好，但又完全不同。

It's hard to compare them.

很难进行比较。

It's strange, really, because they're so close geographically, but in other ways they're almost nothing alike.

很奇怪，真的，因为他们在地理上非常接近，但在其他方面几乎没有任何相似之处。

What was the biggest difference?

最大的区别是什么呢？

I'd say the pace of life.

我觉得是生活的节奏。

In Vietnam everything moves so much faster.

在越南，一切的步伐都非常之快。

Laos is way more relaxed.

老挝要轻松得多。

Which did you like better?

你更喜欢哪个呢？

It's hard to say.

这很难说。

I liked them both, but for different reasons.

两个我都很喜欢，但原因不同。

In this short dialogue, you saw five phrases you can use to talk about two things which are very different.

在这个简短的对话里，你看到了可以用来谈论非常不同的两个事物的五个短语。

Do you remember what they were?

你可以记得是哪些吗？

If two things are very different, you can say: They're totally different.

如果两件事很不同的话，你可以说：它们完全不同。

It's hard to compare them.

很难对它们进行比较。

They're almost nothing alike.

它们几乎没有任何相似之处。

These are fixed phrases, but you can adapt them to express different ideas.

这些是固定的短语，但是你可以调整它们来表达不同的想法。

For example: They're so different.

例如：它们非常不同。

It's impossible to compare them.

很难对它们进行比较。

They're nothing alike.

它们没有任何相似之处。

You can also use a comparative adjective or adverb.

你也可以使用一个比较形容词或副词。

For example, in the dialogue, you heard: Everything moves so much faster.

例如，在对话里你听到了：一切的步伐都非常之快。

Laos is way more relaxed.

老挝要轻松得多。

Before a comparative, you can add an intensifier like much, so much, or way to show that you're talking about a big difference.

在比较级之前，你可以添加一个强调成分，比如说 much、so much，或者是 way to show that。

Using way is more conversational.

使用方式是对话性质的。

You can use these in many different situations; for example: Lisbon is much cheaper than most European cities.

你可以在很多不同的情形使用这些表达，例如：里斯本比大多数欧洲城市要便宜得多。

The museum was so much more interesting than I expected.

这个博物馆比我想象的要有趣得多。

Shanghai is way bigger than anywhere I've been before.

上海比我以前去过的任何地方都要大。

There's a common mistake which English learners often make here with much and more.

有一个常见的错误，英语学生们在much和more上经常会犯。

If you need more, it's part of the comparative, like more interesting.

如果你需要 more 的话，它是比较词的一部分，比如说 more interesting。

If you add much, it adds emphasis and shows that you're talking about a large difference.

如果你再添加 much，它可以增加强调，并表明你在说的是很大的区别。

Don't say things like: Tokyo is much expensive than other Asian cities.

不要这么说：东京比其他亚洲城市贵得多。

The food in Mexico was much more cheaper than in the States.

墨西哥的食物比美国的便宜得多。

Can you correct these sentences?

你可以纠正这些句子吗？

Tokyo is much more expensive than other Asian cities.

东京比其他亚洲城市贵得多。

The food in Mexico was much cheaper than in the States.

墨西哥的食物比美国的便宜得多。

These are common mistakes, so be careful!

这些都是常见的错误，所以要小心哦！

Now, let's see how you can talk about things which are very similar.

现在让我们来看看怎么谈论很相似的事物。

In this section, we're going to talk about describing people.

在这一部分，我们要谈论描述人。

Have you met his brother?

你见过他的弟弟吗？

Yeah!

是的！

They're so alike; I could hardly tell them apart!

他们长得太像了；我基本没办法将他们区分开来。

I kept mixing up their names.

我一直把他们的名字弄混。

I know!

我知道！

It's weird, right?

很奇怪，对吧？

They could be twins.

他们可能是双胞胎。

It's funny because they look so similar, and they seem to have the same personality, too.

很有趣的是，他们看起来非常相似，而且他们的个性也非常像。

Equally chatty, equally funny…

同样健谈，同样有趣......

His brother is just as sarcastic as he is, too.

他的弟弟也和他一样爱讽刺人。

Yeah, true.

确实如此。

Again, you heard five phrases to describe people who are very similar.

同样地，你听到了五个短语，用来描述非常像的人。

Do you remember them?

你还记得它们吗？

If you want to find them yourself, you can go back and listen to the dialogue again.

如果你想自己找到它们的话，你可以回去再听一遍对话。

Try to write them down.

试着把它们写下来。

If two people are very similar, you could say: They're so alike.

如果两个人很相似的话，你可以说：他们非常像。

I can hardly tell them apart.

我基本没办法将他们区分开来。

They look so similar.

他们非常像。

They're equally chatty.

他们同样健谈。

He's just as sarcastic as his brother.

他的弟弟也和他一样爱讽刺人。

Of course, you can adapt these phrases; for example: The way they talk is so similar.

当然了，你也可以调整一下这些短语；例如：他们说话的方式非常相似。

They're equally funny.

他们都很有意思。

She's just as impatient as her mother.

她和她妈妈一样没有耐心。

Here's a task for you: can you think of two people you know who are very similar?

这里给大家准备了一个任务：你可以想一下你认识的很相似的两个人吗？

Write down three sentences to describe them, using the language you just saw.

使用你刚才听到的那些表达，写下三个句子来描述它们。

Pause the video and do it now!

暂停视频，现在开始吧！

You've seen how to use this language to talk about people, but you can use the same phrases to talk about many different things; for example: I can hardly tell these two wines apart.

你已经看到了怎样使用这些表达来谈论人，但是你可以使用相同的短语来谈论很多不同的事情，例如：我几乎无法区分这两种葡萄酒。

I hated both cities; they're equally terrible.

我讨厌这两个城市；它们都很可怕。

Playing golf is just as boring as watching it.

打高尔夫和看高尔夫一样无聊。

Next, you're going to see how to talk about small differences.

接下来，我们要看怎么谈论微小的区别。

Our topic for the next section?

下一个部分我们的主题是什么呢？

Sports!

体育！

Good game, right?

比赛不错，对吧？

Yeah, it was.

是的。

They played a bit better than last week, I thought.

我觉得他们比上周打得更好一些。

Yup.

是的。

They were just a little sharper in those key moments.

他们在关键时刻表现得更敏锐了一些。

I thought the keeper did slightly better, too.

我认为守门员表现得也好了一些。

He wasn't quite as hesitant as he was last week, and you could see the defence looked more solid.

他没有像上周那样犹豫不决，你可以看到防守看起来更加稳固了。

They looked good going forward, too.

他们看起来进展得不错。

They were just a touch faster moving the ball around.

他们运球也快了一些。

True.

是的。

They weren't doing that last week.

他们上周可没有那样。

Again, you heard five phrases to talk about small differences.

同样的，你听到了谈论比较小的区别的五个短语。

Can you remember them?

你还记得它们吗？

Again, you can review the dialogue and write them down if you want to find them yourself.

同样地，如果你想自己找一找的话，你可以去回顾一下对话，把它们写下来。

When talking about small differences, you can use a modifier plus a comparative adjective or adverb, like this: They played a bit better.

当谈论小的区别时，你可以使用一个修饰词加一个比较形容词或者比较副词，像是这样：他们表现得更好了一些。

They were just a little sharper.

他们灵活了一点。

The keeper did slightly better.

守门员表现也好了一点。

They were a touch faster.

他们速度更快了。

You can also use quite as… as… to show that two things are slightly different, like this: He wasn't quite as hesitant as he was last week.

你也可以使用“quite as… as… ”来表明两件事情略微不同的，像是这样：他并不像上周那样犹豫不决了。

In the dialogue, we were talking about a football match that we both saw, but you can use these phrases and structures to talk about many different topics.

在对话里，我们正在谈论的是我们两个都看过的一场足球比赛，但是你可以用这些表达来谈论很多不同主题。

For example: Taking the train will be a bit faster.

例如：坐火车会快一点。

She's a little older than her husband.

她比她丈夫大一点。

This isn't quite as spicy as the last time you made it.

这次没有你上次做得那么辣了。

Let's look at one more topic.

让我们再看一个主题。

In the next section, we're going to talk about food.

在下一个部分，我们要谈论食物。

What did you think?

你觉得怎么样？

It was tasty, but the dishes didn't vary much.

味道很好，但菜品差别不大。

Everything tasted much the same.

所有东西的味道都是一样的。

Yeah, I know what you mean.

是的，我知道你的意思。

Did you try the shrimp?

你试过虾吗？

Yeah.

是的。

That was probably the best, but the main dishes were all pretty similar.

虾可能是最好的，但主菜都很相似。

Tomato, sweet, slightly spicy… Maybe we just didn't order the right things.

番茄，甜，微辣...也许我们没有点对东西。

I don't think it's that.

我并不觉得。

I've been there before, and it was more or less like tonight.

我以前也去过，和今晚差不多。

It was a bit disappointing, especially for the price.

有点令人失望，特别是考虑到价格。

It was nearly as expensive as that Japanese place we went to for my birthday!

它和我生日去的那个日本餐厅一样贵!

Yeah, I know.

是的，我知道。

Let's not go back.

再也不要去了。

Here, we were talking about a bad restaurant, where everything tasted almost the same.

这里我们谈论的是一家不怎么样的餐厅，这家餐厅每一道菜品尝起来几乎是一样的。

Of course, talking about close similarities is similar to talking about minor differences.

当然，谈论相似之处和谈论微小的差异是很相似的。

The only difference is your focus.

唯一的区别是你的关注点。

If two things are slightly different, you can use different language depending on whether you want to focus on the differences or on the similarities.

如果两件食物略微有差异的话，你可以使用的不同说话，取决于你是想要关注在区别或是在相似之处。

In this dialogue, you heard five phrases to describe slight similarities.

在这个对话里，你听到了描述略微相似的五个短语。

Can you remember them?

你能记得它们吗？

You heard: The dishes didn't vary much.

你听到了：菜肴没有太大的变化。

Everything tasted much the same.

每样东西的味道都差不多。

The main dishes were all pretty similar.

主菜都很相似。

It was more or less like tonight.

和今晚的差不多。

It was nearly as expensive as that Japanese place we went to for my birthday.

它和我生日去的那个日本餐厅一样贵。

Of course, you can adapt these phrases to talk about different things; for example: Apartments here don't vary much.

当然，你可以调整这些短语来谈论不同的事物，例如：这里的公寓没有太大的变化。

You can do it today or tomorrow — it's much the same to me.

今天和明天都可以——对我来说都是一样的。

A lot of small towns in the UK are pretty similar.

英国的很多小城镇都很类似。

There are different versions of rugby, but the basic idea is more or less the same.

橄榄球有不同的版本，但基本想法或多或少都是相同的。

My nephew is almost as tall as me now!

我的侄子现在几乎和我一样高了!

Now, you should know how to talk about differences and similarities in different ways.

现在你应该知道怎样用不同的方式来谈论区别和相似之处了。

Let's see how you can put everything you've learned together.

让我们看看怎样把你学到的所有表达放在一起吧。

Of course, when you're speaking or writing naturally, you don't necessarily want to talk about only big differences, or only similarities.

当然了，当你在自然说话或写作的时候，不一定只想谈论很大的差异或只谈相似之处。

You may need to use a range of different language.

你可能需要使用一系列不同的说法。

You're going to see two longer answers on different topics, using a range of language from this lesson.

你会看到针对不同主题的两个更长的答案，使用的是本课程里讲过的表达。

First, let's see an answer comparing two cities: Moscow and St Petersburg: If you visit Russia, you should definitely visit both Moscow and St Petersburg.

首先，我们来看一个比较两个城市的答案——莫斯科和圣彼得斯堡：如果你去俄罗斯的话，你一定要去看看莫斯科和圣彼得堡。

They're completely different cities.

它们是完全不同的两个城市。

St Petersburg feels much more European than Moscow, while Moscow is a bit grittier, but very interesting.

圣彼得堡给人的感觉要比莫斯科更有欧洲特色，而莫斯科则有点粗粝的感觉，但非常有趣。

Things like accommodation, food, transport and so on are much the same in both places.

两地的住宿、饮食、交通等事项基本相同。

It's slightly easier to find a cheaper place to stay in St Petersburg, but Moscow has a bit more variety when it comes to eating out.

在圣彼得堡找一个便宜的住处稍稍容易一些，但莫斯科在饮食方面的种类更多一些。

To get around, take the metro, which is just as efficient in both cities.

要想出行的话，可以乘坐地铁，这两个城市的地铁都一样高效。

Have you been to Moscow or St Petersburg?

你曾经在莫斯科和圣彼得斯堡待过吗？

What would you add to our description?

大家有什么要补充的吗？

You can let us know in the comments!

你可以在评论里告诉我们！

Let's look at one more longer example.

我们再来看一个更长的例子。

This time, we're going to compare working at home with working in an office.

这一次，我们要比较在家里工作和在办公室工作。

It's hard to compare working at home and working in an office.

在家工作和在办公室工作是很难比较的。

People think that working at home would be much more relaxing, but that's not always true.

人们认为在家里工作会更轻松，但并不总是如此。

You still have to do just as much work, so it can be equally stressful.

还是要做那么多的工作，所以同样会有压力。

Of course, you have slightly more freedom to plan your own day, but you also have to be a bit more responsible, because otherwise you end up wasting a lot of time.

当然了，你可以稍微自由一点地来计划你自己的一天，但你也必须有更强的责任心，因为否则会浪费很多时间。

In the end, you save time commuting, but most people waste a little more time, so you spend nearly as much time working as if you just went to work.

最后，你可以节省通勤时间，但大多数人又会浪费一点时间，所以花在工作上的时间几乎和你去上班的时候一样多。

Can you see how this answer uses different phrases and structures from the lesson to compare these two points?

你可以看到这个回答是怎样使用本节课里学到的不同短语和结构来比较这两个方面吗？

What do you think about this topic?

对这个主题你有什么看法呢？

Would you prefer to work at home, or work in an office?

你更喜欢在家工作，还是在办公室工作？

Let us know in the comments.

在评论栏里告诉我们吧。

Finally, could you make a longer answer like this?

最后，你可以说一个类似的更长一点的答案吗？

You could compare two cities you've visited, two different cuisines, two people you know, or something else.

你可以比较去过的两个城市、两道菜、认识的两个人，或其他的事情。

You can use this language to talk about almost anything!

你可以使用这种表达来谈论几乎任何事物！

If you enjoyed this lesson, visit our website for more free English lessons: Oxford Online English dot com.

如果你喜欢本节课，想要更多的免费英语课程的话，那就访问我们的网站吧：Oxford Online English dot com。

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！

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