英语总结现在进行时态（英语时态现在完成时the）

[中国赞]定义

1.表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到现在：过去到现在→持续性

2.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果：过去对现在→影响/ 结果

​[中国赞]结构

1.主语 have/has 动词过去分词 其他

①非三单主语(不是第三人称单数主语) have 动词过去分词 其他

②三单主语(第三人称单数主语) has 动词过去分词 其他

注意：三单主语：他她它(he/she/it)、可数名词单数、不可数名词、复合不定代词

(something/nothing/everything/someone/somebody/nobody...)...

2.动词过去分词

①行为动词过去分词规则变化

​​[微风]一般情况下直接加ed，如：play→played

​​[微风]以不发音的e结尾→加d，如：like→liked

​[微风]以辅音字母加y结尾，去y为i再加ed，如：study→studied

​[微风]以重读闭音节(辅元辅)结尾，双写末字母再加ed，如：plan→planned

②行为动词过去分词不规则变化

详情请见微信公众号焦糖英语推文附录：

动词过去式-过去分词不规则变化

​[中国赞]时态标志词

already, just, yet, so far, ever, never, these days , recently, since 时间点, for 一段时间, up to now, in the past years...

​[中国赞]句型转换

1.肯定句

①非三单主语(不是第三人称单数主语) have 动词过去分词 其他

I have already finished my homework.

②三单主语(第三人称单数主语) has 动词过去分词 其他

He has already finished his homework.

2.否定句

①非三单主语(不是第三人称单数主语) have not 动词过去分词 其他

I have not finished my homework yet.

②三单主语(第三人称单数主语) has not 动词过去分词 其他

He has not finished his homework yet.

3.一般疑问句

①Have 非三单主语(不是第三人称单数主语) 动词过去分词 其他?

肯定回答：Yes，主语 have.

否定回答：No，主语 haven't.

​--Have you finished your homework?

--Yes，I have.

--No，I haven't

②Has 三单主语(第三人称单数主语) 动词过去分词 其他?

肯定回答：Yes，主语 has.

否定回答：No，主语 hasn't.

--Has he finished his homework?

--Yes，he has.

--No，he hasn't.

4.特殊疑问句

①特殊疑问词 have 非三单主语(不是第三人称单数主语) 动词过去分词 其他?

How long have you been in Guangzhou?

②特殊疑问词 has 三单主语(第三人称单数主语) 动词过去分词 其他?

How long has he been in Guangzhou?

​[中国赞]重难点用法

1.since与for

①since用法

​​[微风]since 时间点

I have been in Guangzhou since 2011/ten years ago.

​​[微风]since 从句：主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时

I have been in Guangzhou since I was ten years old.

​​[微风]It is 一段时间 since从句

It is ten years since I came to Guangzhou.

②for用法

for 一段时间，用how long提问

I have been in Guangzhou for ten years.

How long have you been in Guangzhou?

2.already与yet：表示已经/还

①already一般常用于肯定句

②yet 一般常用于否定句或疑问句

3.have been to/have gone to/have been in

①have been to 人去已回

He has been to Guangzhou three times.

②have gone to 人去未回

He has gone to Guangzhou and he will come back in two days.

③have been in 待在某地

He has been in Guangzhou for ten years.

④注意：遇到地点副词home/there/here，省略介词

He has gone there.

4.非延续性与延续性动词：非延续性动词不能与一段时间连用，需要转变为延续性动词/短语/状态

①非延续性动词→延续性动词

I borrowed a book several days ago.→I have kept a book for several days.

②非延续性动词→状态表延续

​​[微风]非延续性动词→be adj.表状态

He died several years ago.→He has been dead for several years.

​[微风]非延续性动词→be prep.表状态

The movie began 5 minutes ago. →The movie has been on for 5 minutes.

​[微风]非延续性动词→其他情况表状态

I joined the club yesterday.→I have been a member of the club for one day.

5.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

①一般过去时：动作发生在过去，已结束，对现在无影响

②现在完成时：动作发生在过去，已结束对现在有影响/未结束持续到现在

③I have ever seen the film, and I saw it yesterday.

​[中国赞]附图：

,