愿所有走失的孩子都可以回家（那些走失的宝贝们）

前段时间，一张疑似“人贩子梅姨”的照片在全网刷屏，热心网友纷纷转发，誓要将其绳之以法。

虽然公安部很快辟谣，但在“人贩子梅姨”人人喊打的故事背后，我们看到的是，公众对儿童拐卖的深切痛恨。

中国每年有多少失踪儿童？目前并没有权威数据公布。各家数据统计悬殊，从几万到几十万不等。但几乎所有研究都能达成一致的是，那些走失的孩子，只有极少数能够重新回到家人的身边。

“宝贝回家”是中国最大的寻找失踪未成年人的公益网站，被看作是“中国失踪儿童的晴雨表”。自2007年成立以来，超过4,8000个家庭在这里注册寻找走失的孩子。

CGTN根据“宝贝回家”中“家寻宝贝”的4.8万条网络数据，呈现中国的失踪儿童的人口和地域特征，用大数据解读中国失踪儿童现状。

A recent portrait of suspected child-trafficker "Aunt Mei" went viral on social media, stirring up widespread discussion online. Although the Chinese Ministry of Public Security refuted the rumors, the incident casts public concern for child protection.

How many children go missing in China every year? Estimates vary. Some put the number at 70,000. Regardless, most studies agree that only a very small number – perhaps five percent or even less – are ever found and reunited with their families.

Baobeihuijia (Baby Come Home) is China's best-known non-profit online platform, which collects and provides information on missing children. Since its creation in 2007, it has more than 48,000 registered families searching for their children. Although the website cannot cover all missing children in China, the database depicts a big picture of this serious issue.

CGTN analyzed 48,369 pieces of the registered searches for children on Baobeihuijia, and through graphics focused on the demographic and geographic characteristics of missing children in China, it sheds light upon five important questions related to this problem.

这些年到底走失了多少儿童？

自上世纪70年代开始，随着人口流动加剧，人口政策紧缩，儿童拐卖迅速猖獗起来，到90年代达到巅峰。此后，我国发布了《关于严惩拐卖、绑架妇女、儿童的犯罪分子的决定》，《刑法》 规定了拐卖妇女儿童罪，公安开始全国性打击人贩子，拐卖儿童的情况有所好转。

The number of missing children in recent decades jumped from the 1970s onwards, before reaching its peak around 1990, followed by an overall rapid decline.

Studies like the "Geographic Characteristics of Child Trafficking Crime in China" and "Child-trafficking networks of illegal adoption in China", among others, suggest that the missing children phenomenon is inseparable from China's family planning policy, which began in the 1970s, was written into the Constitution as a national policy in 1982, and then implemented in a strict manner.

On the other hand, since the 1990s criminal legislation on child-trafficking has evolved in a more comprehensive and detailed manner, while combat efforts intensified, corresponding to the decline pattern seen in the graphic.

有多少孩子被遗弃或被送养？

2015年，中国最高法院就2010年至2014年惩治拐卖妇女儿童犯罪情况进行通报。通报指出，在持续高压严惩态势下，涉及偷窃或绑架的儿童拐卖案件数量明显下降，而大部分被拐儿童都是被亲生父母遗弃或卖掉。受传统的重男轻女观念影响，女童更容易成为被遗弃对象，超过一半失踪女童都是因为被送养、遗弃。

In 2015, China's Supreme People's Court stated that the number of cases related to child-trafficking by stealing or kidnapping dropped significantly, and most of the trafficked children were abandoned or sold by their family.

As we can see from the graphic, a large proportion of missing children were abandoned or given away. Besides, mirroring the age-old son preference tradition in China, more than half of missing girls were put up for adoption or abandoned. Nonetheless, the reality might be even worse than what the data tell us, as some families may not even register to look for their children or admit what they did.

儿童拐卖的主要对象是哪些人？

孩子丢了对于一个家庭来说，是极大的痛苦。电影《亲爱的》和《失孤》讲述的就是父母苦苦寻找走失的孩子的心碎故事。两部电影都聚焦了一个议题：低龄幼童拐卖——由于对原生家庭的记忆比较薄弱，低龄儿童成为了人贩子最诱人的猎物。大数据表明，婴儿和2-4岁的男童，是儿童拐卖的主要受害者。

Losing a child is heartbreaking and can tear a family apart. The movies Dearest (released in 2014) and Lost and Love (released in 2015) tell stories of parents searching for their missing children, raising social awareness, and the needed discussion over child-trafficking.

Both films were inspired by real stories and focused on the trafficking of toddlers, the typical targets of child-traffickers.

The data show that infants (no gender preference) and boys between two and four years old are the main victims of child-trafficking.

什么时间儿童拐卖最多？

儿童拐卖的季节性分布图显示，夏季被拐走的孩子最多。儿童拐卖犯罪从每年的3月开始呈上升趋势，夏季的6、7月达到顶峰，而在秋冬逐渐跌落，但1月是个例外。1月正值年关，人口流动性加剧，犯罪分子可能希望在农历新年前最后一搏，火车站、汽车站、商场成为丢失孩子的高发场所。

但无论哪个月，被拐卖的男童都多于女童。

The seasonal distribution indicates that summer was the time when most child-trafficking crimes happened. The number of crimes increases from March onwards, reaching the top in July and slowly falls in the autumn and winter, except for another noticeable high point in January, right before China's Spring Festival.

The pattern might be explained by the fact that warm temperatures allow the children to play more outside. In all months, more boys were trafficked.

走失的孩子都来自哪里？

贵州、四川、广东和河南都是儿童走失的重灾区。

大部分父母在孩子走失后，花费数年时间苦苦找寻，也只是无望的期盼。

Missing children cases are found throughout the country, but they mainly concentrated in Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Henan provinces.

Few parents are as lucky as the ones in the film Dearest, who finally located their abducted son after a three years' search. In real life, more families spend endless time and money in desperate searches but still find no clues or untrue clues.

政府为打击儿童拐卖做了哪些努力？

2009年，公安部部署开展全国“打拐”专项行动，并建立被拐卖儿童及其亲生父母的DNA数据库。这个数据库已经帮助6,100名被拐儿童和他们的亲生父母团聚。

2014年，公安部打拐办再次澄清，警方在接到有关未成年人走失或失踪的报警之后，会在第一时间介入调查、帮忙查找，父母无需等待失踪24小时再报案。

2015年，《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（九）》实施，公安机关对于新发生拐卖妇女儿童案件将一律对买主采取刑事拘留等强制措施，追究刑事责任。

2016年5月，公安部儿童失踪信息紧急发布平台“团圆系统”上线，用于全国各地一线打拐民警即时上报各地儿童失踪信息。截至到2019年11月20日，“团圆系统”发布了4297条儿童失踪信息，找回儿童4217名。

In 2009, the police set up a national anti-trafficking task force and a DNA database to match parents with missing children. The database helped more than 6,100 abducted children find their natural parents and homes.

In 2014, the public security ministry's anti-human trafficking office clarified that the police should respond promptly when a child is reported missing. Parents do NOT have to wait 24 hours after the disappearance to report the case.

In 2015, China revised its criminal law to punish people who buy children. Previously, buyers may be exempted from criminal responsibility under certain circumstances.

In May 2016, the public security ministry launched a Web-based emergency alert system, called Tuanyuan (Reunion). As of November 20, the program shared information about 4,297 missing children. Of these, 4,217 have been traced back.

,