英语人教版八年级下册知识点归纳（人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点汇总5）

三、常见用法

形容词或副词的比较级 than。如：You are taller than Tom. 你比Tom高。

可修饰比较级的词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even.

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?

When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family.

当萨拉还是一个青少年的时候，她常常几乎所有事情都和她的家人争吵。

【解析】fight over 为……争吵

fight for 抽象名词（事业、自由、权利） 等 “为......而斗争”

have a fight with 和......打了一架

But five years ago , while she was studying abroad in England, she heard a song full of feelings about returning home on the radio.但是五年前，当她在英国留学时， 她在收音机上听到一首充满思乡之情的歌曲。

【解析1】abroad adv 在国外；到国外 My father often goes abroad.

abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。

go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外

at home and abroad 在国内外

【解析2】return = come / go back返回= give sth back 归还

returen ... to ... 把.......归还给....... Don’t forget to return it to the library.

【解析3】on the radio 在收音机里；通过无线广播

介词on 表示 “ 以......方式”

on the Internet 通过因特网；在网上 on the telephone 通过电话 on TV 通过电视

She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.她开始意识到事实上她是多么想念他们。

【解析】actually 真实地，事实上actually 和 in fact 用法的区别

　actually adv.　① (无比较级、最高级)实际上,事实上,实际

He looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kind. 他看起来板着面孔,但事实上很和蔼。

　　in fact 相当于really, truly

No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass her exam. 尽管没有人相信，但实际上玛丽确实考试及格了。

　　前者通常作状语，用于书面语，修饰副词不可单独使用。

后者可作状语或表语，可单独使用，既可用于书面也可用于口语中。

　( ) ________the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during our winter.

　　 A. actually　　 B. in fact　　 C. real　　　 D. /

Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music. 从那以后，她成了一名美国乡村音乐爱好者。

【解析】ever since 自从……以来

ever since 作连词时=since, ever起强调作用 ,主句常用现在完成时.

I haven’t heard from him since last year. =I haven’t heard from him ever since last year.

【2013浙江丽水】I met Lucy in the primary school and we have been close friends _____.

A.as usual B.again and again C.sooner or later D.ever since

Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group.现在的很多歌曲是关于美国现代生活的，例如：金钱和成功的重要性，但它们不属于一种类型。

【解析1】modern adj.现代的，当代的

such as “例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的”，相当于like或for example

such as 后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。

I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语、英语

for example/such as辨析：

for example“例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。

【析】for example意为用来举例说明，有时可作为独立语，插在句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。

He，for example，is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。

such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。

【析】such as用来列举事物，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间，

as 后不可以有逗号，可以与 and so on 连用。

Boys such as John and James are very friendly.

像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。

【解析3】success 成功

succeed v 成功，达到 →success n 成功 →successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地

◆succeed in doing sth make a success 取得成功

( ) She works very hard ,so she will ____ in ____ the exam.

A. successful; pass B. success ;passing C. succeed; passing D. successful; passing

【解析4】belong 属于； 归属

【详解】belong v 属于 = be owned by

belong to 人名（不能用所有格） 代词宾格（不能用物主代词） 属于

【注】：belong to不能用于进行时态或被动形式，其主语常常是物。

Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb’s The yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smith’s.

【甘肃兰州2】— Are these books ______ ? — No, they are not mine. They belong to _____.

A. your; her B. yours; her C. you; hers D. yours; she

【2013黄冈】The French book must be Li Ying’s. She’s the only one who’s studying French.

A. belong to li Ying’s B. belong to Li Ying C. belong Li Ying’s D. belong Li Ying

【2013哈尔滨】Mo Yan, a famous Chinese writer, won the Nobel Prize for literature at the end of the year 2012. We learn that success ______ the person with a never- give –up attitude.

A. drives out B. takes over C. belongs to

However， country music brings us back to the “good old days “ when people were kind to each other and trusted one another. 然而， 乡村音乐把我们带回人们彼此友好、彼此信任的“美好旧时代”。

【解析】be kind to 对……友好= be friendly to

kind of “有点儿，有几分”相当于a little 或a bit

a kind of “一种”

all kinds of “各种各样的”

different kinds of“不同种类的”

what kind of ….的种类(用来询问事物的类别)

( ) — _____ rice would you like? — Small , please.

A. What kind of B. What size C. What size of D. What size bowl of

7. He’s sold more than 120 million records. 他的唱片销量已经超过1.2亿张。

【解析】million 一百万

hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n 千 thousands of成千上万的 million n 百万 millions of成百万的

【注】：(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式

(2)当million 后与of 连用时用复数形式， millions of 是数百万的意思，前面不能加数词

【口诀】：具体的不加s 也不加of，不具体的加s 也加of

【记】Three million workers have planted millions of trees

【四川广元】— Guang’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it? — Yes, There are about two ______ visitors here every week.

A. thousands of B. thousands C. thousand

【2013云南中考】— How many people were invited to the meeting? — About six ____.

A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of

【2013雅安】We planted _______ trees last year.

A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. five hundreds D. five hundred of

【2013乌鲁木齐】The number of the cars in our neighborhood is about eight____, and ____ of them are new cars.

A. hundred; two thirds B. hundred; two thirds C. Hundreds; two thirds D. hundreds; two third

【2013宜宾】—“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently.

—Yeah, it receives __________ Internet hits(点击) a day.

A. thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. ten thousands

8. I hope to see him sing live one day! 我希望有一天能现场听他唱歌！

【解析1】hope v 希望

(1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope ______ (see) you again.

(2)hope that 从句 I hope you may succeed

(3)I hope so 我希望是这样

(4)I hope not 我希望不是这样

【注】：不能说 hope sb. to do sth 但可以说 wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事

hope/wish辨析:

wish一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”，

hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的“希望”。

① I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快就见到你。

② I wish I （be）back home, I don’t like this place.

【解析2】live 现场直播的；实况直播的

I hope to see the Olypic Games live in 2016! 我希望2016年能到现场去看奥运会。

The number of records he has sold. 他已售出唱片的数量。

【解析】 the number of

⑴ the number of 表示“……的数目” ，后跟名词复数或代词，其后的谓语动词用单数。

⑵a number of 表示“大量的，许多” ，后跟复数名词，其后谓语动词用复数。

( ) — A number of students ____ in the dinning hall.

— Let me count. The number of the students _____ about 400.

A. are ; is B. is ;are C. are; are

【2011四川达州】25.—How many______ teachers are there in your school? — _____ them _____ over two hundred.

 A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is

 C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are

【2013贵州安顺1】In our school library there ___ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them ___ growing larger and larger. A. are; is B.is; are C.have; are D.has; is

10. Where is she from? 她来自哪里？

【解析】be from =come from 来自She is from France=She comes from France.

【注】be from 构成否定句时，在be 后加not;构成疑问句时，将be 提起。

come from 构成否定句或疑问句时，要借助助动词do或does.

(1)Her pen pal is from China.=Her pen pal _________China.

(2) My classmate is not from China.=My classmate___________China.

( ) Li Yan is my friend. She comes ____ a small village. A.on B.with C.of D.from

11. Have you introduced this singer/ writer to other?你给其他人介绍过这个歌手/作家吗？

【解析】 introduce v 介绍；引进

(1) introduce oneself to sb. 向某人作自我介绍 Let me introduce myself to you.

(2) introduce A to B.把A介绍给B May I introduce my friend Jim to you?

(3) introduce into 引进

( ) —Hello ,everyone! —Please let me ______.

A. introduce my name B. introduce myself C. to introduce myself D. introduce to myself

12. At the end of the day, the bus brought us back to our school.傍晚的时候，公共汽车带我们回到了我们的学校。

【解析】(1) in the end =at last =finally 最后，终于

(2) at the end of 在….的结尾（反）at the beginning of 在……开始

【既可用来表示时间， 也可以用来表示地点】

at the end of the speech 在演讲结束时 at the end of the road 在路的尽头

(3).by the end of 在…..结束时，常与过去完成时连用(had 过去分词)

①My father agreed with me ________（最后），and bought me a little dog.

( ) ② I tried many times,______ I succeeded.

A. on the end B. in the end C. by the end D. at the end

现在完成时：

1.概念：

过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：

recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.

3.基本结构： have/has done

4.否定形式： have/has not done.

5.一般疑问句： 把have或has放于句首。

6.反义疑问句： 直接用has /have 进行反问

7.与时间段连用时，短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。

go out----be out finish-----be over leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep

open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be

Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.

1. I’ve had it for three years. 我拥有它三年了。

【解析】for 一段时间 表示动作持续一段时间,用于现在完成时

【2012甘肃鸡西市1】 She_____ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.

A. has been away from B. has left C. had left

【2012湖北十堰2】Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he __ in Shiyan for five years.

A. was teaching B. has taught C. will teach D. taught

Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 艾米想保留她的那些旧东西，因为它们能使她想起甜蜜的回忆。

【解析1】keep （kept ; kept）保留

keep 用法归纳如下：

一、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。 Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！

二、用作实义动词，

⑴. 保管；保存；保留 Please keep these things for me while I am away.

⑵. 赡养；饲养 I used to keep sheep in my childhood.

⑶ 坚持；继续 接V-ing 形式作宾语。

If you keep practicing your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress.

⑷ 阻止；阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词 from 不能省略。

The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.

⑸ 保持。 其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。

① keep sb/sth 介词。 If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.

② keep sb/sth 形容词。 These gloves will keep your hands warm.

③ keep sb/sth V-ing ，“让某人 / 某物一直……”，强调动作的持续性。

I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉，让你久等了。

【短语】

keep a record 保持记录， keep in touch (with)保持与……的联系 keep out (of) 把……关在外面，

keep up 保持；使……不能入睡 keep one's / an eye on密切注视 keep away (from) 离开

keep in mind 牢记 keep one's word 遵守诺言

【2013山东济南3】 —Could I __________ your iPad, Alice? —Of course. Here you are.

A. lend B. keep C. borrow D. return

【2013贵州安顺2】“Did you borrow the comic book from the library?”

“ Yes. I _____ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.

A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept

【解析2】 bring back (v adv) 使回想起；使回忆起

( ) Our excellent service ______ our guests _____ year after year.

A. bring; down B. bring; back C. bring; in D. bring; up

3. You can also give old things away to people in need. 你也能捐赠旧东西给那些需要的人们。

【解析】 in need 需要；需求

【拓展】in danger 在危险中 in trouble在困境中

in silence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康状态中A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情

4. Because I don’t read it anymore . 因为我不用再读了。

【解析】no more ;not … anymore/ no longer ;not... any longer不再

词语

同义词

用法

no longer

not… any longer

强调时间或动作“不再延续” , 与延续性动词连用

no more

not … any more

强调数量和程度“不再增加” , 与非延续性动词连用

位置区别： 当修饰动词时，no longer通常置于be或行为动词前；no more一般置于行为动词后。

not... any longer与not... any more常置于句末。

He can no longer walk. = He can’t walk any longer

The little girl no more cried. = The little girl didn’t cry any more.

( ) It is late. We can not wait him _____. A. any more B. no more C. more

5. Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。

【解析】since 自从

Since 从句（一般过去时），主句用现在完成时 He has studied very hard since he came to our school.

【辨析】since 与for 在现在完成时态中的用法：

since

其后接时间点或时态为一般过去时的句子，表示某事是从什么时候开始的

I’ve been a soldier since two years ago

for

其后接时间段，表示某事持续了多长时间

I’ve been a soldier for two years.

【2011天津】My grandmother ___ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.

A．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen

【2011贵州毕节】I ______ many new friends since I came here．

A．make B．made C．will make D．have made

【2013上海】—_______ have you been in the sports club? —Since the first month I came to the school.

A. How old B. How long C. How much D. How soon

6. I have something for the kids, 我有一些孩子们的东西。

【解析】for 给；为了

介词for用法归纳

用法1：(表目的)为了。They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。

用法2：(表利益)为，为了。 What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？

【2013上海4】The chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad ____ our health.

A. from B. with C .of D. for

【2013牡丹江2】—What did you get _____ your mother ____ Mother’s Day? —A beautiful card and a scarf.

A. for; in B. for; on C. to; for

【2013江苏盐城4】It is reported that a lot of adults take lessons online ___ further education.

A. after B. to C. with D. for

7. I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months.我拥有这本杂志已经几个月了。

【解析】a couple of 几个；一些= a few 后接可数名词复数

a couple of “一对” ,优指夫妻、情侣

I’ll be back in _______________days. (几天)

8. The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’ll still interesting. 里面的故事或许有点老，但它们仍然很有趣。

【解析】a bit 稍微；有点儿

a bit /a little辨析：

⑴ a bit和a little在肯定句中, 修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级,"一点儿"。

The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听得更清楚。

⑵ a little可以直接作定语修饰名词,

a bit修饰名词，需后面加of构成短语 ,两者都只能修饰不可数名词

There is a little/a bit of food left for lunch. 午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。

9. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.

【解析】check out 查看；观察 check v检查

【2013浙江宁波】 Please _______(检查)your test paper before you hand it in.

【2013安徽3】I will meet Jane at the station, Please___ what time she will arrive.

A. count B. choose C. check D. catch

【2013天津】— Julie said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?

—Oh, really! I haven’t ____ my mailbox yet.

A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked

10. My children are growing up fast .我的孩子们成长的很快。

【解析】grow up 成长 （常用于指人或动物）

( ) When I grow up , I want to be a teacher. A. give up B. put up C. get older D. get younger

11. So we’ve been clearing out a lot of things from our bedroom for a yard sale.

所以，我们正从卧室里清理出许多东西来办一场庭院拍卖会。

【解析】clear out 清理；把……清空 clean up 清理；使整洁 Please clear out the cupboard.

12. We’ve decided to each sell five things we no longer use. 我们已经决定每人卖出去五件我们不用的东西。

【解析1】decide 决定decide v 决定→-decision n 决定

(1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事

(2)make a decision 做决定

①My mother has decided _______________(take) me to acting lessons.

( ) ②My brother makes up his mind to study medicine.

A. decided B. needs C. decides D. has

【四川南充】The classroom was so dirty . I decided ____.

A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it

【2013河北中考2】The children decide ____ their school yard this Friday afternoon.

A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned

【解析2】no longer = not ... any long 不再

【在句中位置】no longer 位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后；

not ... any longer not 常与助动词或情态动词连用，any longer 位于句末。

I no longer live in this city. = I don’t live in this city any longer.

【辨析】 no longer, not ... any longer; no more , not... any more.

词语

同义词

用法

no longer

not ... any longer

强调时间或动作“不再延续” ，与延续动词连用

no more

not ... any more

强调数量和程度“不再增加” 与非延续动词连用

He can no longer walk = He can’t walk any longer.

I have no more money to give you.= I don’t have money to give you any more.

13. For example , he’s owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.

例如，从他四岁生日以来，就已经拥有了这列火车和铁轨的组合，大约七岁之前他几乎每周都要玩这个玩具。

【解析】own 拥有

own v 拥有→owner n 物主 of one’s own 某人自己的 the owner of … ……的所有者

①Who is the ____________(own) of the bike? ②I want to see it with _______(I) own eyes.

14. And he didn’t want to lose the toy monkey he’s had since then, 并且他也不想失去自从他出生就拥有的那个玩具猴。

【解析】lose (lost , lost) 失去 I hope we won’t lose the competition.

My daughter was more understanding , although she felt sad to part with certain

toys.我女儿比较通情达理，尽管要失去某些玩具也让她感到难过。

【解析1】part with 与……分开；失去（尤指舍不得的东西） They were sorry to part with the old house.

( ) She felt sad to part with her lovely dog. A. find B. lost C. lose D. found

【解析2】certain ⑴ 某种； 某事；某人 （在句中只能做定语，常与不定代词a连用，可修饰单、复数名词）

A certain person called on me yesterday.

⑵ adj. 确实的，无疑的

be certain of 对某事有把握 They are certain of success. be certain to do sth 肯定做某事 He is certain to come.

be certain that确信 I’m certain that he’ll come.

( ) He is certain _____ to ninety.

A. live B. of live C. to live D. to living.

As for me, I didn’t want to give up my football shirts , but , to be honest , I haven’t played for a while now.

对于我来说，我不想放弃我的足球衫，但说实话，现在我有段时间没踢足球了。

【解析1】as for 至于；关于 （后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语） As for computer, I’m not telling you anything.

( ) — ____ the doctors, the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger.

—We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future.

A. In front of B. Thanks to C. As for D. Across from

【解析2】 to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说；说实话

【拓展】honest adj. 诚实的（反）dishonest adj. 不诚实的an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩

【注】honest 以元音音素开头，所以前面的定冠词要用an.

①He is a _________(honest) boy. We all don’t like him.

②She is an __________(honest) girl. We all like her.

③ Tom likes to tell lies, he is________(honest)

( ) We should be honest to everyone . We shouldn’t tell lies.

A. dishonest B. true C. truth D. truthful

【解析3】for a while 一会儿 She　likes　to　lie　down　for　a　while　after　lunch.

17. What will they do with the money they raise from the sale?

他们要用卖东西筹集来的钱做什么？

【解

析】do with 处理；对付（某人或某物）

deal with 处理 与how 连用

do with 处理 与what 连用

do with

“处理；安置”，强调处理的对象，常与what连用

I don’t know what to do with these letters.

deal with

“处理；应付”，强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用

He taught me how to deal with pressure.

【2011玉溪】We can’t decide what will happen in our life, but we can decide how we will _____it.

A. agree with B. begin with C. deal with D. come up with

( ) — ____ do you ____ your broken watch? — I am going to take it to the watchmaker’s .

A. How; do with B. What; deal with C. How; deal with D. What; did with

,