初中英语语法主谓一致（剑桥MSE基础语法主谓一致常见错误）

集合名词指的是用来指代由多个实体组成的一个集合的名词。比如说：the crowd（人群）, my family（我的家人们）。

那么像这样由一个集体指代多个实体的名词，谓语要使用单数还是复数呢？

RULE NO.1

一般来讲，美式英语习惯将集合名词当做单数，英式英语习惯将集合名词作为复数。

RULE NO.2

当集体名词更强调一个整体的时候，谓语使用单数。当集体名词强调的是集体中的多个个体的时候，谓语使用复数。例：

His family is big. 他家是个大家庭。（强调的是“他家”这个集体）

His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。（强调的是“他的每个家人”多个个体）

RULE NO.3

一些集体名词绝大部分情况下都是复数形式，如：police、people、cattle，例：

The police are coming.

Who are these people?

The cattle are fed on barley.

主语为Either/ Neither

主语为Either/ Neither, 或包含and, either or/ neither nor。

(1) 使用and连接，主语一定指的是两个及以上的主体，谓语一般使用复数。

Cheese and tomato are delicious on the bread.

My friends and I are playing soccer.

(2) 使用Either/ Neither，主语虽然指的是多个事物，但意义上却是分别指代单个事物，谓语一般使用单数。

Neither is willing to give up. （=He is not willing to give up, and she is not willing to give up. ）

Either is good enough. (=This is good enough, and that is good enough.)

(3) 使用Either or/ Neither nor，采取就近原则，谓语距离哪个名词近，形式就随这个名词变化。

Neither John nor his sisters were at school today.

Neither John's sisters nor John was at school today.

主语和谓语间被介词、介词短语隔开

当句子主语后面跟有介词or介词短语时，会经常让人感到混乱。比如说：

The manner in which you spoke tothose people are rude.

在这个句子中，谓语并不与前面的名词（those people）所联系，而是与句子的主语（the manner）相联系，所以句子的正确形式应该为：

The manner in which you spoke to those people is rude.

例：

Food between the teeth results in bad teeth.

Students who staying in the classroom are doing their homework.

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