tpr教学法的学习方法 TPR教学习常用词汇

TPR“全身反应法”是上世纪60年代（那个语言学“火红的年代”）由美国心理学教授James Asher提出的。他分析研究母语实现的过程，倡导把“语言”和“行为”联系在一起，通过左右脑的共同协调训练建立语言思维，达到掌握外语的目的。具体实现方式是：通过语言学习者听到一个外语指令，用身体动作对它做出对相应的反应，从而使听者逐渐自然建立语言能力。最典型的例子就是当听到“Stand Up”就从坐位上站起来，听到“Touch your nose”就去摸自己的鼻子。应用更多的手势和简单实物教具，TPR完全可以展示动词的不同时态以及复杂的句子形式。

T.P.R是典型的符合二语悉得基本理念的一个非常有效的教学体系。它的特点符合SLA的关于语言形成的各项假说和建议：

1． 主张学习者通过“可理解输入”先建立听力能力，不强迫学生开口说；

2． 降低学生紧张情绪；

3． 左右脑协调使用，共同实现语言能力（左脑负责接受指令，右脑负责做动作）；

4． 模仿真实的语言环境；

5． 不教语法知识，也不急于学读写；

TPR一般需要由有经验的教师辅导学生完成，特别是零基础者。但有一些基础的同学可以在学友之间甚至自己（先把指令录下）完成。本人认为有一点基础的同学也要自己尝试一下TPR。通过TPR的经历，可以很好地帮助建立英文思维。所以同学们不要认为：我懂Stand up的意思，不用做了。知道你懂了，但可能它只是一个记忆中的知识或中文的解释，它还不是你思维的一部分。直到重复过几遍，最后能迅速对指令不假思索地作出反应后，才逐渐实现融入自己的思维。大家可以想象这对咱们今后听复杂句子的“反应速度”会有多么重大影响。

General Body Movements

1. stand up 2. sit down 3. walk 4. stop 5. turn left 6. turn right 7. turn around 8. walk backwards 9. jump 10. hop 11. bend over 12. squat 13. walk 3 steps, 5 steps, etc. 14. face (face me; face the wall, face the door, etc.) 15. lift up your right leg (left leg, right arm, etc.) 16. lower your leg (left leg, right arm, etc.) 17. shake my hand 18. kiss me (on the cheek!) 19. make a fist 20. clap your hands 21. snap your fingers 22. wave

facial things

23. smile 24. cough 25. laugh 26. cry 27. sneeze 28. open your mouth 29. close your mouth 30. stick out your tongue 31. put your tongue back in 32. wink 33. blink 34. wiggle your nose

General verbs you can use with objects

35. where is 36. touch 37. show me 38. pick up 39. put down 40. put it back (return) 41. drop 42. move 43. give me (give him) 44. take it back 45. throw 46. catch 47. turn over (flip) 48. put the _____ on (under etc.) the ______ 49. push 50. pull 51. lift

kitchen table stuff

52. cup 53. plate 54. bowl 55. knife 56. fork 57. spoon 58. napkin / tissue 59. dish 60. big round serving tray 61. tray you’d serve tea or coffee on 62. table 63. chair

kitchen stuff

64. pan 65. oven 66. stove 67. sink 68. faucet 69. counter 70. cupboard 71. refrigerator

basic foods

72. flour 73. sugar 74. bread 75. tea leaves 76. coffee grounds 77. rice 78. nuts 79. yogurt 80. candy, etc.

drinks

81. water 82. milk 83. juice 84. soda 85. yogurt (drinking) 86. coffee 87. tea

fruits/vegetables

88. apple 89. banana 90. orange 91. plum 92. grapes 93. fig 94. dates 95. raisons 96. lemon 97. pomegranate 98. watermelon 99. tomato 100. cucumber 101. zucchini 102. onion 103. carrot 104. eggplant 105. small eggplant 106. potato 107. garlic 108. parsley 109. lettuce 110. grape leaves 111. celery 112. mint 113. cabbage, etc.

numbers (by using pens, for example)

114. one 115. two 116. three 117. four 118. five 119. six 120. seven 121. eight 122. nine 123. ten 124. eleven, etc.

words having to do with a door

125. door 126. key 127. doorknob 128. hinge 129. peephole 130. doorbell 131. open the door 132. close the door 133. lock the door 134. unlock the door 135. look through the peephole 136. ring the doorbell 137. knock on the door

words having to do with money

138. coin 139. bill 140. 1 qirsh coin 141. 5 qirsh coin 142. 10 qirsh coin 143. 25 qirsh coin 144. 50 qirsh coin 145. 1 dinar coin 146. 1 dinar bill 147. 5 dinar bill 148. 10 dinar bill 149. 20 dinar bill 150. pay me 35 qirsh, etc. 151. put 1 dinar in your pocket, etc. 152. give me change for this 1 dinar bill

words having to do with a cassette recorder/radio/etc.

153. cassette recorder 154. button 155. microphone 156. speaker 157. headphones 158. volume control 159. DC adapter jack 160. DC adapter 161. handle 162. front 163. back 164. side 165. battery cover 166. battery 167. play button 168. record button 169. rewind button 170. fast forward button 171. pause button 172. cassette 173. put the cassette in the player 174. take the cassette out of the player 175. turn the cassette over (i.e., take it out, turn it over, and put it back in) 176. push play (start the tape) 177. turn up the volume 178. turn down the volume 179. push stop (stop the tape) 180. push the pause button 181. rewind the tape 182. fast forward the tape 183. record ___ onto the tape 184. turn on the radio 185. turn off the radio 186. change the station 187. find some music 188. find some talking 189. change the band (e.g., from AM to FM) 190. change it back

words that have to do with a book

191. book 192. title 193. author 194. cover 195. table of contents 196. index 197. chapter 198. page 199. page number 200. section 201. paragraph 202. sentence 203. period 204. comma 205. quotation mark 206. open the book 207. close the book 208. turn to page number ____ 209. turn the page 210. turn forward 5 pages 211. turn back a page 212. turn back three pages

Things you’ll see outside in a city (you and your tutor will have to go outside for this list, but it’s nice to have a change every once in a while anyway)

213. car 214. truck 215. motorcycle 216. bicycle 217. bus 218. pedestrian (walker) 219. policeman 220. office building 221. restaurant 222. house 223. apartment building 224. grocery store 225. vegetable/fruit store 226. butcher’s shop 227. bakery 228. gas station

words having to do with a car

229. car 230. door 231. front seat 232. back seat 233. driver’s seat 234. passenger seat 235. steering wheel 236. seat belt 237. break pedal 238. gas pedal 239. clutch pedal 240. speedometer 241. gas gauge 242. gear shift 243. emergency break 244. ignition switch 245. horn 246. hood 247. headlight 248. fender 249. license plate 250. engine 251. trunk 252. tire 253. fender 254. exhaust pipe 255. turn signal switch 256. light switch 257. put on/take off your seatbelt 258. turn on the car 259. turn off the car 260. drive forward 261. go in reverse 262. turn right 263. turn left 264. do a U-turn 265. turn on your left turn signal 266. turn on your right turn signal 267. use the horn 268. stop 269. speed up 270. slow down 271. turn on/off the headlights 272. turn on/off the highbeams 273. turn on/off the inside light 274. wind down the window 275. wind up the window 276. lock the door (from the inside) 277. lock the door (from the outside) 278. driver’s license 279.

prepositions

280. on 281. in 282. under 283. above 284. beside / next to 285. in front of 286. behind 287. to the left of 288. to the right of

living room

289. sofa 290. chair 291. pillow 292. coffee table 293. rug 294. carpet 295. cushion 296. window 297. curtain 298. lamp 299. ceiling light 300. light switch 301. electrical plug 302. phone plug 303. telephone 304. telephone cord 305. television 306. bookcase

bedroom

307. bed 308. sheet 309. pillow 310. blanket 311. dresser 312. closet 313. coat hanger 314. mirror

bathroom

315. toilet 316. bathtub 317. toilet paper 318. sink 319. towel 320. shower curtain 321. toothbrush 322. toothpaste 323. comb 324. plunger 325. shampoo 326. deodorant

basic adjectives

327. big 328. small 329. medium (of three, for example) 330. long 331. short 332. new 333. old 334. thick 335. thin

colors

336. color (the word for color) 337. white 338. black 339. red 340. orange 341. yellow 342. green 343. blue 344. purple 345. pink 346. brown 347. gray

shapes

348. square 349. rectangle 350. triangle 351. circle 352. oval 353. pentagon 354. hexagon 355. cube 356. box (rectangular solid) 357. sphere

things you can do with a pen

358. cap 359. take off the cap 360. put the cap back on 361. write 362. sign your name 363. draw a line, circle, square, etc.

basic adverbs

364. quickly 365. slowly 366. carefully

voice things

367. speak 368. sing 369. hum 370. whisper 371. shout/yell 372. stop speaking (singing, humming, etc.)

household items

373. light bulb 374. hammer 375. screwdriver 376. screw 377. wrench 378. pliers 379. broom 380. mop 381. dustpan 382. sweep the floor 383. mop the floor 384. trash can 385. trash bag 386. washing machine 387. dryer 388. iron 389. ironing board 390. clothes pin

clothing

391. shirt 392. pants 393. shoe 394. shoes 395. coat 396. underwear 397. sock 398. socks 399. watch 400. sweater 401. hat 402. belt 403. dress shirt 404. tie 405. dress 406. skirt 407. blouse

parts of the body

408. hair 409. forehead 410. eyebrow 411. eyelash 412. eye 413. ear 414. cheek 415. nose 416. lip/lips 417. mouth 418. moustache 419. beard 420. chin 421. throat 422. tooth / teeth 423. tongue 424. chest 425. back 426. shoulder 427. belly 428. arm 429. leg 430. thigh 431. shin 432. hand 433. finger 434. fingers 435. thumb 436. knuckle 437. fingernail 438. elbow 439. knee 440. foot 441. ankle 442. toe / toes

office

443. office 444. desk 445. computer 446. keyboard 447. monitor 448. printer 449. mouse 450. printer cable 451. voltage regular 452. power cord 453. disk drive 454. floppy disk 455. paper 456. modem 457. fax machine 458. scanner 459. shredder

words having to do with a wall calendar

460. today 461. yesterday 462. tomorrow 463. the day before yesterday 464. the day after tomorrow 465. week 466. this week 467. last week 468. next week 469. Sunday 470. Monday 471. Tuesday 472. Wednesday 473. Thursday 474. Friday 475. Saturday 476. month (this month, last month, next month) 477. next Thursday 478. last Monday 479. a week from Wednesday 480. holiday

with a clock

481. clock 482. 1:00 483. 2:00 484. 3:00 485. 4:00 486. 5:00 487. 6:00 488. 7:00 489. 8:00 490. 9:00 491. 10:00 492. 11:00 493. 12:00 494. 1:15 495. 2:30 496. 3:45 497. 4:20 498. 9:40 499. 8:55 500. 8:05 501. AM 502. PM

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