人类灭绝以后还会重生吗(每日外刊1222-人类注定要灭绝)

背景知识

从新世纪以来,随着技术的不断发展,气候问题也逐渐摆上人类的桌面。根据IPCC的报告显示,从工业革命以来,200多年间全球的气温已经上涨了1.2度左右,这个数字虽然小,但却十分可怕,因为这意味着地球的环境将迎来翻天覆地的变化,我们的生活也将在这翻天巨变中走向未知。工业革命以来,人类虽然得到了火车、飞机等等新技术,但是却带来了全球性的环境污染以及气候危机。植被消失、海洋污染、全球变暖,导致东北虎、冰岛大海雀、南非斑驴等大量动物消失。根据2014年的研究,过去40年全球野生动物的数量减少了50%,并且每个小时就有3个物种消失。生物的消亡,带来的是食物链的破裂以及生态多样性的缺失,而没有了食物的人类将何去何从呢?人类迎来了一个崭新的时代,但是我们也将面临最坏的未来,那就是毁灭。

人类灭绝以后还会重生吗(每日外刊1222-人类注定要灭绝)(1)

正文阅读

Humans Are Doomed to Go Extinct

人类注定要灭绝

Cast your mind back, if you will, to 1965, when Tom Lehrer recorded his live album That Was the Year That Was. Lehrer prefaced a song called “So Long Mom (A Song for World War III)” by saying that “if there's going to be any songs coming out of World War III, we’d better start writing them now.” Another preoccupation of the 1960s, apart from nuclear annihilation, was overpopulation. Stanford University biologist Paul Ehrlich’s book The Population Bomb was published in 1968, a year when the rate of world population growth was more than 2 percent—the highest in recorded history.

如果你不介意我这么说的话,回想一下1965年,汤姆·莱勒录制了他的现场专辑《That Was the Year That Was》。莱勒在一首名为《再见,妈妈,我去参加第三次世界大战了!》(关于第三次世界大战的一首歌)的歌开头写道:“如果有一首第三次世界大战的歌,我们最好现在就开始写。”20世纪60年代除了核毁灭以外,另一个困扰就是人口过剩。斯坦福大学生物学家Paul Ehrlich于1968年出版了《人口炸弹》一书,当年全球人口增长率为史上最高,超过了2%。

Half a century on, the threat of nuclear annihilation has lost its imminence. As for overpopulation, more than twice as many people live on the earth now as in 1968, and they do so (in very broad-brush terms) in greater comfort and affluence than anyone suspected. Although the population is still increasing, the rate of increase has halved since 1968. Current population predictions vary. But the general consensus is that it’ll top out sometime midcentury and start to fall sharply.

半个世纪过去了,核毁灭不再构成迫在眉睫的威胁。至于人口过剩,现在生活在地球上的人口是1968年的两倍多,而且(笼统地说)他们生活得比任何人想象的都更舒适和富裕。尽管人口仍在增长,但增长速度自1968年以来已减半。目前针对人口的预测各不相同。但普遍共识是,在本世纪中叶某个阶段人口会达到峰值,然后开始急剧下降。

As a paleontologist, I take the long view. Mammal species tend to come and go rather rapidly, appearing, flourishing and disappearing in a million years or so. The fossil record indicates that Homo sapiens has been around for 315,000 years or so, but for most of that time, the species was rare—so rare, in fact, that it came close to extinction, perhaps more than once.

我作为一名古生物学家,会从长远来看待此现象。哺乳动物从地球消失的速度往往相当快,从出现、繁殖到消失大约需要一百万年的时间。化石记录表明,人类已经存在了大约31.5万年,但大部分时间属于非常罕见的存在,事实上,人类真的非常罕见,甚至可能不止一次地濒临灭绝。

今日单词

  • doom /duːm/ vt.注定;
  • extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ adj.灭绝的,绝种的;
  • cast one's mind back 追忆;想起往事;
  • if you will 如果你允许那样说的话;
  • live /laɪv/ adj.现场直播的;
  • preface /ˈprefəs/ vt.作为…的序言;作为…的开端;
  • so long 再见,永别;
  • come out of 由…产生;从…出来;
  • preoccupation/priˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn/ n.全神贯注;思虑;长久思考的事情;心事重重;
  • annihilation /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃn/ n.毁灭;湮灭;
  • overpopulation /ˌoʊvərˌpɑːpjuˈleɪʃn/ n.人口过剩;
  • bomb /bɑːm/ n.炸弹;
  • recorded/riˈkɔrdɪd/ adj.记录的;
  • on /ɑːn/ adv.以后;
  • imminence/ˈɪmɪnəns/ n.迫切;急迫;迫近的危险或祸患;
  • as for 至于;关于;
  • 倍数 as many 名词 as 被比较对象 …是…的几倍;
  • broad-brush/ˌbrɔːd ˈbrʌʃ/ adj.粗略的;宽泛的;大致的;
  • affluence /ˈæfluəns/ n.富裕;
  • halve /hæv/ vi.把…减半;
  • vary /ˈveri; ˈværi/ vi.变化;
  • consensus/kənˈsensəs/ n.一致;
  • top out 达到极限;
  • midcentury n.本世纪中叶;
  • paleontologist /ˌpeɪliɑːnˈtɑːlədʒɪst/ n.古生物学者;
  • take the long view 目光远大;眼光放远;从长远考虑;
  • mammal /ˈmæml/ n.哺乳动物;
  • come and go 来来往往;来来去去;
  • flourish /ˈflɜːrɪʃ/ vi.繁荣;兴旺发达;
  • fossil /ˈfɑːsl/ n.化石;僵化的事物;
  • homo sapiens 智人(现代人的学名);人类;

素材来源

文本选自:Scientific American(科学美国人)作者:Henry Gee原文发布时间:7 Dec. 2021

每日美句

The only good is knowledge, the only bad is ignorance.

唯一好的是知识,唯一坏的是无知。

,

免责声明:本文仅代表文章作者的个人观点,与本站无关。其原创性、真实性以及文中陈述文字和内容未经本站证实,对本文以及其中全部或者部分内容文字的真实性、完整性和原创性本站不作任何保证或承诺,请读者仅作参考,并自行核实相关内容。文章投诉邮箱:anhduc.ph@yahoo.com

    分享
    投诉
    首页