英语冀教版八年级上册笔记（冀教版八年级英语上Unit4）

Lesson 24I Need a Map!我需要一张地图！

1Is it easy to live in a new place?

住在一个新地方容易吗？

What do you do if you get lost.

如果你迷路了，你会做什么？

1.1It be easy to do sth.干某事容易。

1.2get lost迷路

1.3if的用法总结及例句

if可作为连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“假如，如果”等。在复合句中如果主句用将来时，则if引导的状语从句用一般现在时。也可用于虚拟语气。

①if作为连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“假如，如果”等。在复合句中如果主句用将来时，则if引导的状语从句用一般现在时。

If it rains(从句) ,I will stay at home(主句)。=I will stay at home if it rains.

②主句含有情态动词 (must、may、can 等)从句为一般现在时;

If you drive too fast ,you may have an accident.=You may have an accident if you drive too fast.

③主句为祈使句,从句要用一般现在时态;

Don't play computer games if you don't finish your homework.

④If 于句首时中间用逗号隔开,主句后不用逗号。

⑤if 可用unless(除非...) 换.unless= if...not...

⑥用于虚拟语气，主句和从句都为一般过去式。

If you were a bird,you could fly.

假使你是只鸟，你便会飞了。

⑦if可引导让步状语从句，这时if有“即使是，虽说”的含义。

If I am wrong,you are wrong too.

即使我说错了，那么你也不对。

2Dear Mum and Dad, How are you?

亲爱的妈妈爸爸，你们还好吗？

3I'm doing well.我很好.

3.1I'm doing well.常用于书信中束描述自己的近况。

——How are you doing？/How are you getting along？你过得怎么样？

——I'm doing well.我很好。

4I have to tell you that I had the flu.我不得不告诉你们我感冒了。

4.1have the flu患流感，感冒。

have a headache头疼,

have a cough咳嗽，

have a fever发烧,

have a stomachache肚子疼,

have a cold患感冒,

have a toothache牙疼

I've a bad cold.我得了重感冒。

4.2that引导的是宾语从句。

5But don't worry, I'm better now.

但是别担心，我现在好多了。

5.1表示身体好只能用be well舒服；保重；身体状况好。

6This week, I got to know my neighbourhood.

这个星期，我逐渐了解了我的社区。

6.1get to know 表示“认识”,含有“开始认识”的含义,属于短暂性的动词。在现在完成时中,和时间段搭配时,要用 have known 结构:

I got to know him last year.我去年认识他的。

I have known him for one year.

我认识他一年了。

6.2get to know了解，更靠近……以便了解

know认识，知道，对……有知识

know of用听过（但不曾有交往），对……有表面上／肤浅的意识

know about对……有一点知识（通过交往或别人告知）

7Jenny and I walked to school on Monday.星期一珍妮和我步行上学了。

7.1walk to school步行上学。

8The school is about one mile from Uncle David's home.

学校距离大卫叔叔的家大约一英里远。

9Jenny showed me her favourite places.珍妮给我看了她最喜欢的地方。

9.1show sb. sth.给某人看/展视某物。

10There's a bakery near our house.

我们的房子旁边有一个面包店。

11When we walk to school, we go by the bakery.当我们步行去上学的时候，我们路过面包店。

11.1go by路过，经过。

12Sometimes we buy bread there.

有时候我们在那里买面包。

13Jenny likes to buy books at the bookstore.珍妮喜欢在书店买书。

14It's on our way to school, too.

它也在我们上学的路上。

14.1on one's way to...在去……的路上。

15Across from the bookstore, there's beautiful park.

在书店的对面，有一个美丽的公园。

15.1across from在……的对面，常用来描述位置关系，与opposite同义。

She sat across from me.她坐在我的对面。

16We love to play there.

我们喜欢在那里玩。

17Life in a new neighbourhood is not very easy.在一个新的社区的生活不是十分容易。

18Yesterday I got lost.昨天我迷路了。

I was going to meet Danny at the movie theatre.我要去电影院见丹尼。

Luckily, a lady showed me the way.

幸运的是，一位女士为我指了路。

19Tomorrow I'm going to buy a map of the city because I don't want to get lost again.明天，我要去买一张城市的地图，因为我不想再迷路了。

20Thanksgiving was a lot of fun.

感恩节非常有趣。

21I met all of my Canadian cousins.

我看见了我所有的加拿大堂兄弟。

22We have a big family!我们是一个大家庭。

I miss you very much.我非常想念你们。

I'm happy here in Canada.

我在加拿大这里很开心。

I will be glad when you come to see me.

你们来看我的话我将会十分开心。

I will write again soon.

我很快就会再给你们写信的。

Love, Brian爱你们的，布莱恩。

23It is about one mile from Uncle David's home.

如果对about one mile提问，则特殊疑问句为:How far is the school from Uncle David's home?

24What happened to Brian yesterday?昨天布莱恩发生了什么事？

24.1happen动词，发生

① Sth. happen(s) 地点/时间意为某地/某时发生了某事。

A traffic accident happened in the street yesterday.昨天大街上发生了一起交通事故。

② Sth, happen(s)to sb.某人出了某事。

A car accident happened to him yesterday.昨天他发生了车祸。

③某人 happen（s） to do sth.某人碰巧做某事。

I happened to meet her in the street.我碰巧在街上遇见了她。

④ It happens/happened that 从句碰巧……

It happened that I saw you on my way home.碰巧我在回家的路上看到了你。

25We're going to have a lot of fun.

我们将有许多乐趣。

25.1have a lot of fun

26A: What is the way to the factory?去工厂的路怎么走？

26.1the way to去……的路。

B: Turn left at the second turning.

在第二个拐弯处左拐。

26.2turn left左拐

26.3at the second turning在第二个拐弯处

27Go down this street until you

reach the end of the street.

沿着这条街走直到你到达街道尽头。

27.1go down沿着……走

27.2reach=arrive in/at

27.3the end of...

①……的末尾

②……的结束

③……的结尾

27.4in the end终于；

in the end of在……结束的时候

by the end of到…为止

at the end of在……末端/终点/结尾

In the end,we found the house.我们终于找到了那所房子。

I am all tired in the end of the day.一天下来我筋疲力尽。(这里in the end of=at the end of)

Let me know by the end of the week.这个周末前给我回音。

The senate recessed at the end of the afternoon.参议院午后休会。

in the end of还有一个意思是“在……末端”,等于at the end of.如：

He makes a knot in the end of the string.他在绳子末端打了个结。

27.5until意为“到…时，直到…为止”，既可以用作介词，又可以用作连词。

That may last until Friday. 那也许会持续到周五。 （until用作介词）

There will be a wonderful match tonight. I will watch it until it finishes.今晚有一场精彩的比赛。我要看完它。（until用作连词）

1）用于肯定句，意为“到…时；直到…为止”，引导时间状语从句，主句谓语动词用延续性动词。

I will stay here until you come back. 我将呆在这里直到你回来。（stay是延续性动词）

Continue in this direction until you see a sign.一直沿着这个方向走，直到你看见一个指示牌为止。(主句是祈使句，continue是延续性动词）

He worked until it was dark. 他一直工作到天黑。（work是延续性动词）

2）用于否定句，not...until的意思是“直到…才”，引导时间状语从句，主句谓语动词一般用短暂性动词。短暂性动词就是瞬间完成的动词，如go,come,leave, die, arrive,buy, enter等, 以enter为例，我们“进”这个动作一瞬间就完成了，不会持续。

I hadn’t realized she was foreign until she spoke. 直到她讲话我才意识到她是外国人。（realize是短暂性动词）

I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained now. 直到你解释了以后我才会做。

（manage是短暂性动词，manage to do something努力做某事，设法做某事，设法做成某事）

He didn’t leave the office until he finished his work.他完成工作才离开了办公室。

（leave是短暂性动词）

3）Not...until的强调句式：It is/was not until... that...(注意that从句中谓语不能再用否定。)

It was not until late in the evening that her husband arrived home.

直到很晚的时候她的丈夫才回到家。

It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. 直到公共汽车停下我们才下车。

4）Not...until的倒装句句式：Not until ... 助动词/系动词/情态动词 主语 其他。

即：not until 词组放在句首时，后面谓语部分要使用部分倒装，即只把谓语部分的助动词/系动词/情态动词提前，而谓语部分的实义动词依然放在主语的后面；not until 从句放在句首时，后面的主句谓语部分要使用部分倒装,并且主句不能再用否定。（注意：从句不倒装）

将上面的两个例句改成倒装句

Not until late in the morning did her husband arrive home.直到很晚的时候她的丈夫才回到家。

(注意：这里arrived要变成原形，前面要使用助动词did。)

Not until it stopped did we get off the bus.直到公共汽车停下我们才下车。

(这里主句使用助动词did,got off 变成原形get off.)

下面再看这个句子

He didn’t understand me until I told it to him.直到我告诉他才明白我的意思。

这里didn’t understand是主句的复合谓语，把它改成倒装句时，只把did提前，understand不能提前，主句改为肯定句。为Not until I told it to him did he understand me.

改为强调句It was not until I told it to him that he understood me.直到我告诉他才明白我的意思。

我们再来看个句子:Until that happens, you need to protect yourself.在那之前，你必须保护你自己。(这里until 从句提前，主句不倒装。只有not until放在句首，后面才倒装。)

我们再来翻译一个句子:直到地震两周后他才发现他的妈妈活着。

Not until two weeks after the earthquake did he find his mother alive.

(he后面的发现不能用found,必须用原形find。)

直到她妈妈给她读了一个故事这个小女孩才睡着。

Not until her mother read her a story did the little girl fall asleep.

或者 The little girl didn’t fall asleep until her mother read her a story.

例句You can’t have this football back until you promise not to kick it in class.

直到你保证不再上课时踢球你才能拿回这个球。

改为倒装句Not until you promise not to kick it in class can you have this football back.

直到你保证不再上课时踢球你才能拿回这个球。

改为强调句It is not until you promise not to kick it in class that you can have this football back.直到你保证不再上课时踢球你才能拿回这个球。

28Twenty minutes later, the old woman finally found her grandson.

20分钟后，老妇人终于找到了她的孙子。

29It was very dark last night.Jimmy got lost.昨晚非常黑，吉米迷路了。

,