生物化学类英语单词（生物化学英语词汇）

生物化学英语词汇（12）

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promoter.

启动子

promoter is a region of dna involved in binding of rna polymerase to initiate transcription.

prosthetic group.

辅基

many proteins require tightly bound, specific nonpolypeptide units for their biological activities. such a unit is called a prosthetic group.

protease.

蛋白酶

an enzyme that hydrolyzes the amide bonds in a protein. most proteases recognize a specific type of amino acid side chain and cleave the protein at specific points.

proto-oncogene.

原癌基因

normal cellular genes with the potential to become oncogenes are called proto-oncogenes or cellular oncogenes. these genes were conserved in a wide range of eukaryotic cells. the conserved sequences were important components of normal cells and their products are believed to play important roles in normal differentiation and other cellular process.

pyridoxal phosphate.

磷酸吡多醛

all transamination reactions require the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. the important functional groups of the coenzyme are the aldehyde group, which can form a schiff base with the a-amino group of an amino acid and facilitate transamination.

rate-limiting enzyme.

限速酶

enzymes catalyzing committed steps in unidirectional anabolic and catabolic pathways, which act as natural governors of metabolic flow and represent the most efficient regulatory intervention.

receptor.

受体

all of receptors are proteins that can selectively bind specific molecule and initiate their biologic effects.

recombinant dna.

重组dna

information exchanging by breaking and joining chromosomal dna. recombination can occur between genes with similar sequences or between genes with different sequences.

reduction.

还原

chemically, reduction is defined as the gain of electrons. nad is reduced to nadh. it follows that reduction is accompanied by oxidation of an electron donor.

replication.

复制

generation of a new copy of double-stranded dna from a parental dna molecule.