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A Shakespeare festival in Oregon has commissioned 'translations' of his plays into plain English. Of course, the language of Shakespeare's plays can be difficult, but is it a good idea to change his plays into simple English? Listen to experts talking about Shakespeare and learn new vocabulary.

This week's question

What was the first language that Shakespeare's plays were translated into?

a) French

b) German

c) Portuguese

Transcript

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript

Finn

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Finn…

Neil

… and I'm Neil. Hello. Today we are talking about Shakespeare.

Finn

Oh yes… to be or not to be, that is the question. Whether 'tis nobler…

Neil

Yeah. OK, thank you. Thank you very much, Finn. But what does that famous Shakespeare line actually mean, Finn?

Finn

Yeah, well… it's quite hard to explain actually. The English in Shakespeare's work is quite difficult.

Neil

Well, a Shakespeare festival in Oregon in the United States wants to change all of that. They want to pay writers – they want to commission- what they call 'translations' of Shakespeare's plays. Now we usually use the word translation of course to talk about changing words and sentences from one language to another. But these writers have been commissioned to translate Shakespearean English intoplainEnglish.

Finn

So Shakespeare in easy, plain English… You know, I'm not sure I really like that idea.

NeilWell, you're not the only one, Finn. We will talk about that in a moment, but first, as usual, we have our quiz question and it's about Shakespeare and translation. What was the first language that Shakespeare's plays were translated into? Was it:a) Frenchb) German orc) PortugueseWhat do you think?

Finn

You know, I really have no idea on this one. I'm going to say b) German.

Neil

We'll see if you're right at the end of the programme. But now we're going to hear from two Shakespeare experts speaking to the BBC. First, Andrew Dickinson. He is the author of 'Worlds Elsewhere: Journeys Around Shakespeare's Globe'.

Finn

In his travels around the world - around the globe – did he find many translations of Shakespeare?

INSERT

Andrew Dickinson, the author of 'Worlds Elsewhere: Journeys Around Shakespeare's Globe'Someone’s translated Hamlet into Klingon. You know, he exists in all of these different places and all of these different forms and I suppose that what reallystruckme while working on my book and travelling around the world talking to people about Shakespeare is that he is somultifarious- he exists in all of these places. It feels sometimes that we in the English-speaking world are only just catching up with this.

Finn

Shakespeare expert Andrew Dickinson, who has travelled the world for his new book and knows about many translations, even one from out of this world!

Neil

Yes, he says someone has even translated Hamlet into Klingon. Now that's the language spoken by aliens in Star Trek, which is of course a science fiction TV series, it's not a real language.

Finn

Let's get back to the real world, Neil. Andrew Dickinson says that what really impressed him – what really struck him - while working on his new book and travelling around the world talking about Shakespeare is that Shakespeare is so multifarious. Multifarious - that's quite a difficult word.

NeilYes, it is. Well in plain English it means that there are many different types. There are many different translations, many different kinds of Shakespeare.

Finn

He's multifarious.

Neil

Finn! We're using plain English in this programme, like the people in Oregon who want to translate Shakespeare into plain English. That will make his plays easier to understand.

Finn

And that's a good thing. But there has also been strong criticism about this from academics who study Shakespeare as well as from people on social media – on Facebook and Twitter. They think it's a bad idea.

NeilOur next Shakespeare expert is Greg Doran. He is the Artistic Director of the Royal Shakespeare Company. He's done productions outside Britain. Where did he do a production of the Shakespeare play, Merchant of Venice? Here he is talking about the difficulty of translation.

INSERT

Greg Doran, Artistic Director of the Royal Shakespeare CompanyI think the difficulty with a translation is that it simply translatesthe senseand there's a lot more going on in the language of Shakespeare's plays. I remember once doing a production of Merchant of Venice in Japan and I was asked – we were having a new translation done - and I was asked if I wanted the translation for meaning, forpaceor for poetry and that's the difficulty. You've got to find all three somehow together.

Finn

Greg Doran, Artistic Director of the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was doing a Shakespeare production in Japan. He says that the difficulty with translation is that it only translates the sense – it is only the general meaning. But he says that there's more than that.

Neil

They were having a translation done and he was asked if he wanted the translation for meaning or for pace – that’s about the speed of the lines in the play - or was the poetry of the words important?

Finn

And his answer was that you've got to find all three somehow together. It is not just one thing.

Neil

He says that there is a lot going on – there is a lot happening - in the language of Shakespeare's plays.

Finn

And so a simple translation of the words into plain English isn't really… Shakespeare. And I think it's time to answer our quiz question.

Neil

es, if you remember, it's about translations of Shakespeare. What was the first language that Shakespeare's plays were translated into? Was it:a) Frenchb) Germanc) Portuguese

FinnI said b) German, which I'll admit was a guess.

Neil

And that is the right answer.

Finn

Fantastic!

Neil

Apparently Shakespeare's plays were translated into German as early as the first decade of the 17th Century. And that’s all for now. Please do join us again for 6 Minute English.

Finn

To be or not be...

Neil

Yes, OK. Thanks, Finn.

Both

Bye.

Vocabulary

commission

to pay writers for their work

translation

swords in another language

plain

(here) simple,

easy

Globe

world

struck

to have strong feeling or impression

multifarious

many different types

the sense

the general meaning

pace

the speed something is done

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