by的用法初中（介词by的用法）

1.by 地点 在/从...旁边

She rested on a rock by the side of the path.她靠在路旁的一块石头上休息。

He is sitting by the swimming pool ,drinking orange juice.他正坐在泳池旁边，喝着橙汁。

They live by the lake.他们住在湖边。

2.by 交通工具

It takes a long time to go there by train.乘火车去那里要用很长时间。

I usually go to work by bus. 我通常坐公交车去上班。

3. by doing 通过... 靠/凭...

He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers. 他靠印刷著名作家的作品赚钱。

Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise .Similarly ,our minds are developed by learning. 我们的身体通过锻炼得到加强。同样地我们的思想是通过学习得到发展。

4.by 数量词

.表示升降、增减的程度

With productions up by 60%,the company has an excellent year.

产量上升了60%，公司今年的业绩极佳。

The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year. 对绿色食品的需求每年增加大约三分之一。

5.表示距离、面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法

Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain by just one inch.幸运的是子弹差一英寸就命中了船长。

The bed is three meters wide by two meters long ,and can fit at least four at a time.

这张床宽3米长2米，至少可以睡四个人。

How much is twenty divided by four? 20 除以4是多少？

6.用于被动结构，表示“被...”/“由...”

This book was written by a famous scientist. 这本书是一位著名科学家所写。

The man was saved in time by the doctors. 那个男人被医生及时救了过来。

I was so impressed by what he said. 他所说的话让我印象深刻。

7.表示方式、方法、手段等，“通过....”

Don’t judge a person by appearances . 不要以貌取人。

Learn wisdom by the follies of others . 用别人的蠢事使自己聪明起来。

8.by 时间 在...以前，不迟于...

By tomorrow afternoon ,I will finish the job. 明天下午之前我将完成这工作。

You must go back home by ten o’clock. 你必须在十点钟之前回到家来。

She must have been here by now. 现在她应该到这了。

9.靠本能，在本性（职业）上

He is very generous by nature. 他生性慷慨大方。

She ‘s happy-go-lucky by nature. 她本性是随遇而安，听天由命。

10.表示握、抓的部位、方式等

Grasp it by hand .用手抓住它。

He took me by the arm to direct me.他抓住我的手臂给我带路。

11.动词 by drop by 顺便来访 stand by 观望，等待时机 go by (时间）流逝

Pass by 路过，经过

12.用于固定结构：by the way by chance by accident by oneself by heart one by one