人教版八年级英语下册知识点整理（人教版英语八年级下册重点内容）

Unit 1. what’s the matter?

重点短语归纳1. foot---feet 脚 <复> tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>2. have a cold 感冒3. have a stomachache 胃疼4. have a sore back背疼5. have a sore throat喉咙疼6. have a fever发烧7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶9. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生10.drink lots of water多喝水

11.lots of ,a lot of, a lota lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library.There is a lot of water on the grounda lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot.12. have a toothache牙疼13. That’s a good idea好主意14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well我感觉不舒服.16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事TO DO 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情DOING是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17. two days ago两天前18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿19. I think so我认为是这样20. be thirsty口渴 21. be hungry 饥饿22. be stressed out紧张23. listen to music听音乐24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医26. need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医.We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净.27. a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡28. for example例如29. too much yin太多的阴, 阴气太盛too much 不可数名词 太多的… much too 形/副 实在太… 极其，非常too many 可数名词复数 太多的…

30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be good to 对…好be good at =do well in 在……方面好，擅长be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法(1)be good for 对......有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。 (2)be good at 擅长于......Li Ping is good at basketball.　　　李平擅长于篮球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.　　　李平擅长于打篮球。be good at = do well in 如：I'm good at math. = I do well in math.　　　我擅长于数学。(2)be good to 对......好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。

31.get good grades 取得好成绩 32.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。 be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气33.Chinese medicine 中药34.be popular in some place 在某地很流行 Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。35.in western countries在西方国家36.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。37.balanced diet平衡饮食38.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired 39.go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night.疲倦时，晚上你不该外出40.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health

41.at the moment此时，此刻= nowI’m not feeling very well at the moment42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sthenjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun43. conversation practice会话练习44. host family 寄宿家庭45. have a lot of headaches经常疼痛I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。46. a few 可数名词复数 少许…a little 不可数名词/形/副 一点…47.He shouldn’t eat anything=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.48.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 一则建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时50.take medicine 吃药 服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。 固定结构It’s 形 for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是…的。It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的 重点句子1.What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you? I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache

2.That’s too bad. You should / shouldn’t … 那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该…You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.

3.I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.

4.When did it start ? About two days ago .什么时候开始的？大约两天前

5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来，这里better是well的比较级

6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语

7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。

8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。

9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数

10.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。→ It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要

11.You should rest for a few nights. 你应该休息几个晚上

12.I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I don’t think I’m improving.我每天晚上学到很晚，有时到凌晨2点钟，但我认为我没有提高。

13.believe in 信任某人，强调品质，believe sb.相信某人的话 I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。

14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . → need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化 知识结构1.情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该......"。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。

2.maybe与may be1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.　　　也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA, too. 　　　他可能也来自美国。

may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。He may be from the USA, too.　 　　他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师

3.too many,too much与much too(1)too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。(2)too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。(3)much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。

4 few、a few、little、a little的区别和 (1)few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如：He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 (2)little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如：There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？

5 not…until 直到 …(否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词She didn’t leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up. =He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up. ……until/till 直到··· （肯定句）动词为延续性动词We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.

Unit 2 I'll help clean the city parks

知识点1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 volunteer n. 志愿者

6. come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出catch up with 赶上 追上7. put off doing 推迟做某事put on 穿上 (指过程)put up 张贴8. write down 写下 记下9. call up 打电话make a telephone call 打电话10. set up 成立 建立The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。

11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) studyhelp sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help do 帮助做某事 14. plan to do 计划做某事plan 从句I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.

16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.我不仅能做到而且做得最好。

⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。

常见的就近原则的结构有：①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。②Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student.③Not only …but (also)…④There be

17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会

18. run out 与 run out of①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

②run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。

两者在一定条件下可以互换如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time

19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像be similar to 与..相像 take after 相像look after 照顾 take care of 照顾

20. work out v. adj.①结局，结果为The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。

21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。

22. be able to do 能 会be unable to do 不能 不会

23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如：thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我

24. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。

25. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。

26. like prep. 像…27. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。

28. train n. 火车 train v. 训练train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。

29. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如：Do it at once. 马上去做。I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。

30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如：One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。

31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的

32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送

33. part of speech 词性 词类

34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能

35. hand out 分发 hand out bananasgive out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to …. give away money to kidsgive sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线

36. volunteer ①可数名词 “志愿者” ②adj. 自愿的vi. volunteer to do sthThey are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。

37. no longer = not … any longer 指时间上不再延续。no more = not … any more 指动作上不再延续。

短语1.clean up 清扫2.give out 分发，发放3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴，使...振作4.after school study program 课外学习班5.come up with=think up 提出，想出 6.put off 推迟7.write down 写下，记下 8.put up 张贴9.hand out 分发，发放 10.call up 打电话

11.ser up=establish 建立 12.be home to sb 是某人的家园13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...14.put…to use… 把...投入使用 15.elementary school 小学16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部19.run out of 用完，耗尽 20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相像

21.fix up 修理 22.give away 捐赠 23.be similar to 与...相似24.ask for 索要 25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线26.hang out 闲荡27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了29.disabled people 残疾人 30.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问

31.fill…with... 用...填充... be full of 装满了...32.help...out 帮助...做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干... 35.fetch my book 把我的书拿来36.part of speech 词性

句子1.We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。

2.She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用。

3.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。

4.The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。

5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告示。

6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他想出的这个办法很效。

7.He did a radio interview. 他接受了电台的采访。

8.We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。

9.You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。

10.He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。

UNIT3 Could you please clean your room?

重要词组及短语1. could you please do sth.? 你能……吗？/ 请你干……好吗？2. do the chores 做杂务3. do the dishes 洗餐具4. sweep the floor 清扫地板5. take out the trash 倒垃圾6. make one's bed 铺床7. fold one's clothes 叠衣服8. clean the living room 清扫客厅9. stay out late 晚归10. come over 过来

11. have a test 考试12. get a ride 搭车13. use one's computer 使用某人的电脑14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事like to do (doing) sth.15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭17. wash the car 刷车18. work on 从事，忙于work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫19. borrow some money 借一些钱borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。invite sb to a place invite you to my party

21. go to the store 去商店22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的意见disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好24. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步25. play with sb. 和某人玩26. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)

27.do, make 短语归类do the dishes 洗餐具do my homework 做我的家庭作业do chores 做家务，处理琐事do the laundry 洗衣do the shopping 购物do some reading 读书

make your bed 铺床make breakfast 做早餐make dinner 做晚饭make tea 泡茶，沏茶make a cup of coffee 冲一杯咖啡

28.关于 to 的短语总结：have to do sth. 不得不，必须做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事love to do sth. 热爱做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事start to do sth. 开始做某事 begin to do sth. 开始做某事ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事

重点句型1. Could you please clean your room?Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.

2. Could I please use the car?Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.

在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?

作回答可以各种各样：如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.

如果不同意，可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。

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