不定式短语可以做后置定语（如何正确使用不定式短语）

不定式同时具有动名词与分词类似的功能要注意，不定式有“逻辑将要”的含义，故在其动作发生在前面的动词之后，而且多表达意愿、目的、企图等，我来为大家科普一下关于不定式短语可以做后置定语?以下内容希望对你有帮助!

不定式短语可以做后置定语

不定式同时具有动名词与分词类似的功能。要注意，不定式有“逻辑将要”的含义，故在其动作发生在前面的动词之后，而且多表达意愿、目的、企图等。

复习：分词短语的构成和功能

1） 名词从句的化简：作主语、及物动词的宾语、表语、宾语补语。

2） 状语从句的化简，作状语。

3） 定语从句的化简：作定语。

名词从句的化简：作主语

To make large sums of money is my dream. = That I will make large sums of money is my dream. 不定式和动名词作主语在现代英语中可以通用。

不定式作主语时，可用形式主语it取代，然后将不定式放在句子主干之后。

It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.

= It was his job that he repaired bicycles……

So, it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North sea oil rigs. 因此，听说北海石油钻井平台上的潜水员收到巨型鱼类的恐吓，确实很让人吃惊。

和动名词短语一样，不定式短语作主语时，一律视为第三人称单数，但and连接两个不定式短语作主语时，视为复数。

To become a great scientist is his ultimate goal.

To study and to play are equally important.

造句练习：

1. 成为职业篮球选手是我的抱负之一。To be a professional basketball player is one of my ambitions.

2. 精通一门外语需要不断的努力。To master a foreign language takes constant effort. = It takes constant effort to master a foreign language.

3. 提高我们的生产力是我们今年的主要目标。To increase our productivity is our main goal this year. = It is our main goal this year to increase our productivity.

4. 对某些人而言，活着就是受苦。For some people, to live is to suffer.

5. 一天大笑三次有益健康。To laugh three times a day is good for your health.= It is good for your health to laugh three times a day.

6. 犯错是人之常情，宽恕则超凡入圣。To err is humanl, to forgive is divine.

7. 知道做什么是智慧，知道怎么做是技能。To know what to do is wisdom, to know how to do is skill.

8. 让自己的孩子诚实是教育的开端。To make your children capable of honesty is the beginning of education.

9. 爱是世界上最美的动词。To love is the most beautiful verb in the world.

10. 人生得一知己足矣。It is enough to have one close friend in one’s life.

11. 诅咒黑暗不如点亮一支蜡烛。（临渊羡鱼，不如退而织网）It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.

作及物动词的宾语（绝对不能做介词的宾语）

Attempt企图，choose选择，decide决定，expect期望，hope希望，intend打算，manage设法，offer/volunteer主动提议，plan计划，want想要，wish希望，endeavor努力。

大部分机务动词，其后既可以用不定式，也可以用动名词，如：begin doing =begin to do.

但表示企图或意愿的及物动词，其宾语是将要发生的事情，所以通常只能用不定式做宾语。

Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record.

Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decide to take some presents to a children’s hospital.

It has four Rolls-Royce Merlin engines, but the group will need to have only three of them rebuilt.

The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time.

在第四大句型中，不定式作不完全及物动词的宾语时，也必须用形式主语it取代，加上宾语补语之后，再加不定式形式宾语句型。

I think it necessary that I should drink a lot of water.

同样，本句型中，如果宾语是不定式，也要用形式宾语，think，believe，find，deem，consider it （to be） 名词或形容词（补语） 不定式（宾语）。= I think it necessary to drink a lot of water.

I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.

I deem it a great honor to serve you.

A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.

但名词和从句不同，不定式短语还可以和动词make构成宾补句型，用于表示使某事变得怎么样。

Make it (to be) 名词或形容词（补语） 不定式（宾语）

The invention of computers has made it possible to free man from the complex labor.

I made it my business to know all about them.

造句练习：

1. 我主动提议帮玛丽忙，但是她拒绝了（turn sb. down）。I offered to give Mary a hand, but she turned me down.

2. 我们企图说服约翰戒烟，但是没有效过。We attempted persuade John, but in vain.

3. 我不觉得理解voa的慢速英语节目有难度。I don’t think it difficult to understand the VOA special English.

4. 虽然声音被听得很清楚，但费了我很长时间才作出反应。Though the sound could be heard very clearly, it make me a long time to react.

补充：stop doing 停止做某事

Stop to do 停下来去做某事

Remember doing 记得做过某事

Remember to do 记得去做某事

Forget doing 忘记做过某事

Forget to do 忘记去做某事

有些及物动词，既可以用动名词也可以用不定式作主语，但是意义不同，要区分很简单：动名词表示已经做过的事情，不定式表示正打算做的事情。

作表语（名词性）：The only way to do this was to operate.

My hope is to become a scientist like Einstein.

主语是人的时候，不定式作表语表示一定会发生的情况，（计划，命令，肯定推测等）

I am to realize the goal of life. (肯定推测)我一定要实现人生目标。

You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 命令

You are not to smoke in the reading-room. 禁止

特征动词的表语，通常用不定式（to be可省略）seem 似乎是，appear 看起来是，prove

被证明是，turn out 结果是。

The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.

These birds seem unaffected by climate.

He appears a perfectly normal person. 他看上去是一个完全正常的人。

The search proved difficult. 这次搜索被证明是困难的。

He turn out to be right. 结果他是对的。

Babies of two mouths old do not appear to enter the water.

By this time, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was worth rescuing.

The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.手术持续了4个小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。

作宾语补语或被动语态的主语补语，此时不定式如果是to be，可以省略。

She wanted him to repair their son’s bicycle.

作同位语

My plan to visit the town was refused. = My plan that I will visit the town was refused.

疑问词加不定式，构成名词短语后，用法和名词相同。

I was just wondering how to spend the morning.我正不知道怎么消磨这一上午呢。

相当于定语从句 I was just wondering how I would spend the morning.

二、状语从句的化简（目的、结果）

分词短衣作状语，可表示伴随时间、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、条件、但是不定式状语只能目的和结果。

作目的状语 Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street.

相当于目的状语从句 so that they could get him……

When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass.

相当于目的状语从句 so that he could let it pass……

It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.相当于目的状语从句 so that it could rescue……

Specially-made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way.

相当于目的状语从句 so that they could help the dead……

有时候，为了强调目的状语从句，可以将不定式放在句首

To acquire knowledge, one must study, but to acquire wisdom, one must observe.

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real.

作结果状语从句（不定式表示意料之外的结果，而分词短语表示意料之中的结果）

Farm laborers said that they always woke up to find the work had been done overnight.

The small company has beaten other big companies, to win the title of best business-class service.

造句练习：

1、 憎恨别人，犹如为了除掉一只老鼠而烧掉自己的房子。Hating people is like burning down your own house to get rid of a rat.

2、 为了赢得这个奖，你应该努力地奋斗。To win the award, you should work very hard.

三、定语从句地化简：1）关系代词作主语，引导定语从句化简，修饰的名词被绝对性的形容词修饰的时候。

I have no friend to advise me. = I have no friend who can advise me.

He was the first person to greet me when I arrived there.

2）关系代词作宾语引导的定语化简（通常表示有某事要做）

我要写一封信。 I will write a letter.

我有一封信要写。 I have a letter to write. 其修饰的名词letter就是不定式的逻辑宾语

He never has anything to do. = He never has anything that he can do. 此时的不定式必须是及物动词或及物动词短语。

He is a nice man to work. 错的，改为He is a nice man to work with. Work是不及物动词，不能接宾语man。

3）关系副词引导的定语从句化简，此时不定式短语必须是不及物动词或及物动词 宾语。

The time to go is July.不及物动词go，应该在7月份去=The time when we should go is July.

It is time to draw a conclusion. 到下结论的时间了

A good place to eat food is the Sichuan restaurant around the corner. = A good place where we can eat……。

The only way to do this was to operate. = The only way in which they can do this was to operate.

造句练习：

1、 他是做最后决定的最佳人选。 He is the best man to make the final choice.

2、 在天黑前，我们还有很长的路要走。 We had a long journey to make before night fall.

3、 她有四个孩子要照顾。 She has four children to take care of.

4、 下一趟到达的火车是从纽约开过来的。 The next train to arrive is from New York.

5、 克林顿是这次空难中唯一的幸存者。Clinton is the only person to survice the air crass.

6、 角色扮演（role playing）是一种有效而且自得其乐的英语学习方法。Role playing is an effective and enjoyable way to learn English.

不定式的逻辑主语，当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致时，通常用的结构：for 名词 不定式。

He expects for his sister to meet you. = He expects that his sister can meet you.

There is no need for you to go. 你没必要去。

Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer.

Chinese parents wanted their children to be success, while American parents expressed a desire for their children to be happy.

尤其是我们想要表达对于……来说做某事是怎么样的，通常都可以采用这种不定式带上逻辑主语的结构: it is 形容词 for sb. to do sth.

It is necessary for him to study English every day.

代词作不定式的逻辑主语时，用宾格：

My sister told me that she would love for me to babysit for her.姐姐告诉我她很想要我帮她照顾小孩。

在it is 形容词 for sb. to do sth句型中，表示人物性格的形容词（聪明、善良、粗心、愚蠢等等）和不定式连用时，要用of代替for。

It’s wise of you not to argue with your boss.

It was very careless of him to make such silly mistakes.

造句练习：

1、 此刻我很难表达我的心情。It is very difficult for me to express my fell at this moment.

2、 你有必要亲自去那里一趟。It is necessary for you to go there in person..

3、 他很慷慨，把他的车借给了我。It is very generous of him to lend me his car.

不定式短语的时态和语态变化。不定式短语同样没有时的变化，而只有态的变化，以do为例：

4态 主动语态 被动语态

一般态 to do to be done

完成态 to have done to have been done

进行态 to be doing 一般不用

完成进行态 to have been doing 一般不用

He wanted some photographs to be taken when he visited Taiwan.

不定式的完成态，表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前

Fisherman and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.

This building was said to have been built from their own designs.

常用固定搭配：claim to do 宣称……

Be said to do 据说……

Be supposed/thought/expected to do应该……

Seem/appear 似乎……

Every one went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Lox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. 大家都去参加了葬礼，因为那鬼不是别人，正是农场主的兄弟E，人们以为他年轻时就死了。

When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi drive, Franz Buss man, found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before.

不定式的进行态，表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生。（不定式进行态不常用，通常只用于seem/appear, happen 等动词之后）表达“似乎正在做某事”，“碰巧正在做某事”等。

A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for Royal air Force station nearby.一个飞行员发现一只气球，它像是正飞往附近的一个皇家空军基地。

造句练习：

1、 他想要人立刻把这些信件打印出来。He wants the letters to be typed at once.

2、 我很抱歉在这个时候还用这么多问题来打扰你。I am very sorry to have bother you with so many questions on such an occasion.

3、 他妈妈走进来的时候，他假装正在睡觉。when his mother came in, he pretended to be sleeping.

4、 那个小女孩今晚好像一直在看电视。The little girl seems to have been watching TV all this night.

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