虚拟语气6种用法（虚拟语气的用法）

1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句，我来为大家科普一下关于虚拟语气6种用法?以下内容希望对你有帮助!

虚拟语气6种用法

1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句

从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

	从句	主句
与过去事实相反的假设	If 主语 had 过去分词	主语 should/would/could/might have 过去分词
	If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.
与现在事实相反的假设	If 主语 动词过去式(be 用were)	主语 should/would/could/might 动词原形
	If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. If he studied at this school, he would know you well.
与将来事实相反的假设	① If 主语 动词过去式 ② If 主语 were to 动词原形 ③ If 主语 should 动词原形	主语 should/would/could/might 动词原形
	① If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.
表示所发生的时间	虚拟语气结构
发生在主句动作之前	had 过去分词
与主句动作同时发生	过去时(be 用were )
发生在主句动作之后	would / could / might 动词原形

I wish I learnt English well.

I wish I had been there with them last week.

He wishes we could go and play games with him.

注意：How I wish 宾语从句的用法也一样。

③在if only的句型表示“但愿”，“要是…就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。

If only I were taller.

If only I had followed your advice!

If only the rain would stop.

④英语中，would rather之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气，结构为：

表示所发生的时间	虚拟语气结构
过去	had 过去分词
现在	过去时(be 用were )
将来	过去时(be 用were )

I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.

He’d rather you were here now.

We’d rather you didn’t go here tomorrow.

（2）主语从句中的虚拟语气

在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：

（should） 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。句型：

①It is disappointing / surprising /important / strange / necessary / natural …that…

②It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. that…

③It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed …. that …

④It worries me that…

It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.

It is strange that he should not come.

It is a pity that we should not meet last night.

It worries me that we should be blamed for that.

（3）表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气

英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议的名词advice, suggestion, order, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement等后面接表语从句或同位语从句时都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) 动词原形。

We followed his advice that we （should） ask our teacher for help.

He told us his order that we （should） go to university.

His suggestion is that we （should） do our work more carefully.

Their proposal is that they （should） build a new factory in their hometown.

3. 定语从句中的虚拟语气

英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：

It is (high / about) time that 主语 动词的过去式/ should 动词原形。如：

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.

It is high time you should go to work.

4. 状语从句中的虚拟语气

（1）方式状语从句

由as if 或as though引导的方式状语从句（或表语从句）可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况, 用法和wish、if only句型基本相同：

a. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时 The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.

b. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时 He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself.

I felt as though we had known each other for years.

c.表示与将来事实不相符，用would/ could/ should/ might It looks as if it might rain.

d.有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性

It is becoming dark. It looks as if it’s going to rain.

对比：He looks as if he is young.

He looks as if he were young.

（2）目的状语从句

由in case, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should 动词原形”，表示忧虑或目的。 Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget.

We talked the matter over face to face for fear that there (should) be any misunderstanding.

（3）让步状语从句 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。如用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：　　Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 　Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.

5. 简单句中的虚拟语气

（1）表示对过去情况的责备、后悔、惋惜时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 have 过去分词”，常用搭配是：

should (not) have done/ ought (not) to have done (本应该做某事而没做/本不应该做某事而做了)

needn’t have done (本不需要做某事而做了)

could have done (本能够做某事而没做)

would rather have done（宁愿自己做了某事而没做）

如：You should have got here earlier.

You could have returned it to him.

She would rather not have gone to the party.

注意：请将此结构与情态动词表推测相区分

must have done 肯定做过某事

may (not) have done/ might (not) have done可能（没）做过某事

can’t/ couldn’t have done 肯定没做过某事

（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用“may 主语 动词原形 其他”。如：

May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。

May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。

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