高考英语长句难句的解决方法（括号法解决长难句）

一、 什么是"三长两短一并列"？

例句1： 我是Lilian。 I am Lilian. （主系表）

例句2： 我教英语。 I teach English. （主谓宾）

例句3： 我是来自重庆的Lilian。 I am Lilian from Chongqing.

例句4： 我在希来学园教英语。 I teach English at Xilai.

例句5：After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon,

I returned to my office.

(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the

afternoon), I returned (to my office).

英语中主要的只有五种修饰成分，称为"三长两短"。它们是使句子变复杂的主要因素，再加上同样会使句子变复杂的"平行并列结构"，统称为"三长两短一并列"

(1)句子主干部分：英语中的五大基本句型

主语 谓语 I come.

主语 谓语 宾语 I learn English.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语 You teach us English.

主语 谓语 宾语 补语 You make me happy.

主语 系动词 表语 English is interesting.

(2)句子修饰成分："三长两短"

"两短"：形容词、副词

"三长"：介词短语、从句、非谓语

(3)一并列——平行并列结构

由"并列词" and/ or/ but/ as well as/ not only..., but also.../ both... and.../ either...or.../ neither... nor...等, 将两个或两个以上"含义相似，结构相同"的"并列项"连接起来构成的结构。简记为"A and B"或"A, B and C"。

二、 用括号法解决长难句

Step 1. 预处理

给"三长"加括号，给"并列词"（and, or, but, as well as等）加方框，给"并列项"（A和B）加下划线

(1) 标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。

(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon),

I returned (to my office).

(2) 标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。

① 到句尾终止，如：Lilian is a teacher (who teaches English).

② 到句中的逗号终止，如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio.

③ 到下一个修饰成分终止，如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing.

(to Beijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止)

④ 到下一个谓语动词终止，如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.

(3) 标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing) 或分词(现在分词doing或

过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。

① 到句尾终止，如：Lilian is a teacher (teaching English).

② 到句中的逗号终止，如：(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.

③ 到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience.

(to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)

④ 到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.

(4) 标记平行并列结构

原则上，只要是"含义相似，结构相同"的东西都能并列，所以英语句子中可以并列的东西有很多，读句子的时候要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。 如：

①名词并列：I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.

②形容词并列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher.

③副词并列：You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.

④谓语动词并列：With the Internet, we can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.

⑤介词短语并列：And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish

from the earth.

⑥从句并列：I've finished reading the book (which is written by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last

month).

⑦非谓语动词并列：Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.

⑧整句并列：The children can go with us or they can stay at home.

注1：先找B，后找A A和B结构相同，含义相似

I like the box (on the desk) and the flowers (in your hand) ( which you promised) (to give me).

注2：一旦出现下一修饰成分，果断结束掉上一修饰成分，不管上一成分本身结束了没。

Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).

Step 2. 做直译 一个括号一个括号地翻译

Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).

黄洁是一个老师——教英语——在海口——它是一个美丽的城市——中国的

注3；英语是"挂钩"的语言，每个括号里的第一个单词都称为挂钩单词，可以通过每个挂钩单词提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来。括号里的第一个单词都成为挂钩单词，可以通过每个挂钩提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来题，将一个个括号连接起来

Step 3. 调语序 后修变前修，增删个别词

Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).

黄洁是一个老师——教英语——在海口——它是一个美丽的城市——中国的

黄洁是一个在中国的美丽城市海口教英语的老师。

黄洁是一个老师，她在中国的美丽城市海口教英语。

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