现在分词和过去分词有几种时态(现在分词和过去分词-高中英语语法)
#创作挑战赛#现在分词和过去分词 - 高中英语重点语法:
一、单项选择
1.What’s more, when ________ the meal, you need to avoid making a noise.
A.enjoying
B.to enjoy
C.enjoy
D.enjoyed
【答案】A
考查非谓语动词。句意:更重要的是,当你吃饭时,你需要避免制造噪音。分析句子结构可知enjoy在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语you构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故选A。
2.A man from Jiangsu Province graduated from university at the age of 88, _________ him the oldest university graduate in the country
A.made
B.to make
C.having made
D.making
【答案】D
考查非谓语动词。句意:江苏省一男子88岁大学毕业,成为全国年级最大的大学毕业生。分析句子可知,前半句是主句,谓语动词为“graduated”,后半句则为非谓语动词形式,且主语a man和动词make之间是主动关系,所以是现在分词做状语。故选D项。
3.It rained continuously for seven days, completely ________ our holiday.
A.ruined
B.to ruin
C.ruining
D.being ruined
【答案】C
考查非谓语动词。句意:连续下了七天雨,完全毁了我们的假期。分析句子结构可知句子中已经有谓语动词,因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词。逻辑主语与动词之间为主动关系,因此用现在分词表示结果状语。故填C。
4.I borrowed a book ________ by Mark Twain from the library.
A.to write
B.written
C.writing
D.wrote
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词。句意:我从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填分词作后置定语,且write与book之间的关系为被动,所以应填written。故选B。
5.Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A.to be bought
B.are bought
C.bought
D.are being bought
【答案】C
考查非谓语动词。句意:通过电脑购买的日常商品的价格可以低于商店的价格。分析可知。本句的谓语动词为can be,所以空白处应用非谓语动词;goods与buy存在被动关系,相当于which are bought...,作定语修饰先行词 goods,所以此处应用过去分词。结合选项,选项C符合题意,故选C项。
6.When ____ to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood Pressure, ________ nervous or anxious.
A.exposing; feeling
B.exposing; felt
C.exposed; felt
D.exposed; feeling
【答案】D
考查非谓语动词。句意:当接触到危险和冲突时,男性往往会血压升高,感到紧张或焦虑。第一空表示“接触”短语为be exposed to,此处省略be动词,用过去分词作状语;第二空feel在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语men构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故选D。
7.I saw him _________ computer games when I arrived.
A.played
B.playing
C.was playing
D.play
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词。句意:当我到达时,我看见他在玩电脑游戏。表示“看见某人正在做某事”短语为see sb. doing sth.。故选B。
8.With no rain for months and fresh water ________, the situation in Yunan Province was getting from bad to worse .
A.run out
B.run out of
C.running out
D.running out of
【答案】C
考查非谓语动词。句意:几个月没下雨,淡水都用完了,云南省的形势每况愈下。run out不及物动词短语,无被动,以主动形式表示被动的含义,意思为“被用完,被耗尽”,run out of 及物动词短语,表示“用完,耗尽”,后接宾语,分析句子结构可知,空格处应填非谓语动词,用“with 宾语 宾补”作原因状语,结合句意可知,空格处应填running out,以主动形式表示被动含义。故选C。
9.I heard my favourite play ________ again on the radio a few days ago.
A.perform
B.performed
C.to performed
D.to have performed
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词。句意:几天前,我听到收音机里又播放了我最喜欢的那出戏。分析句子结构可知,“hear 宾语 宾语补足语”为固定用法,空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,排除A项;play和perform为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式表被动,排除C项和D项。故选B。
10.With ________ leaves ________ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A.falling; burying
B.fallen; buried
C.fallen; burying
D.falling; buried
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词。句意:随着落叶每年被埋在地下,土壤变得越来越肥沃。空格处构成“with 名词 过去分词”的结构,fallen leaves 表示“落叶”,过去分词作定语表示完成;leaves和bury之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选B。
11.In the Internet bar I found him ________ in the corner, with his whole attention _____ on the computer.
A.sitting; fixing
B.sat; fixed
C.seated; fixing
D.seated; fixed
【答案】D
考查过去分词。句意:在网吧里,我发现他坐在角落里,全神贯注地盯着电脑。不及物动词sit (坐),及物动词seat (坐),及物动词fix (使固定),本句已有谓语found且无连词,动词seat用非谓语形式,逻辑主语him与动词seat是动宾关系,用过去分词作宾补;第二空是“with 名词/代词(宾语) 非谓语动词(宾补)”with复合结构,逻辑主语his whole attention与动词fix是动宾关系,用过去分词作宾补。故选D项。
12.He had a wonderful childhood, ________with his mother to all corners of the world.
A.travel
B.to travel.
C.traveled
D.traveling
【答案】D
考查非谓语动词。句意:他的童年很美好,和他母亲一起走遍了全世界。分析句子可知,travel在这里作状语,与主句主语He之间是主谓关系,要用现在分词形式。故选D项。
13.When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp ________ but the door ________.
A.being on; shut
B.burning; shutting
C.burning; shut
D.on; shutting
【答案】C
考查非谓动词。句意:我们从电影院回来时,发现灯还亮着,门却关着。本句已经有谓语动词,所以空处填非谓语动词, the lamp与burn在逻辑上是主动关系,用现在分词,the door与shut在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故选C项。
14.You can spend three days ______ the rainforest with a local guide.
A.explore
B.to explore
C.exploring
D.explode
【答案】C
考查固定搭配。句意:你可以花三天的时间在当地导游的带领下探索雨林。spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“花费多长时间做某事”。故选C项。
15.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point ________.
A.understand
B.understanding
C.to understand
D.understood
【答案】D
考查非谓语动词。句意:这个外国人尽了最大的努力,但他仍然不能使他的观点被理解。分析句子可知,understand(理解)作make后宾语his poin的补足语,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语his poin之间有被动关系,表示“观点被理解”,应用过去分词,表示被动。故选D项。
16.________ to the gift was a note on which he exPressed his gratitude for our reception during his stay here.
A.To attach
B.Attaching
C.Attached
D.Having attached
【答案】C
考查倒装句型。句意:在礼物的后面附了一张便条,他对我们在他逗留期间对他的接待表示感谢。be attached to意为“被贴在……上”,为固定搭配。分析句子结构可知,此处使用了完全倒装句型,表语前置。故选C。
17.________any formal staff training, Linda could hardly handle her work.
A.Having not received
B.Not having received
C.Not to receive
D.Had not received
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词。句意:由于没有接受过任何正式的员工培训,琳达很难胜任她的工作。设空处是作句子的原因状语,逻辑主语Linda与receive之间是主动关系,使用现在分词,且receive发生在主句谓语之前,因此使用having done形式,结合句意使用现在分词完成时的否定形式not having received。故选B。
18.________ by Arun with a number of customers, the idea of developing solar-power batteries for people in India would work definitely.
A.Being tested
B.Having been tested
C.Having tested
D.To be tested
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词。句意:经过阿伦和一些客户的测试,为印度人开发太阳能电池的想法肯定会成功。分析句子结构可知,“_______ by Arun with a number of customers”作状语,应用非谓语,结合句意,“test(测试)”在谓语动作“would work”之前发生,所以应用完成式形式;该词“test”和主语“the idea of developing solar-power batteries for people in India”为被动关系,所以应用被动形式。综上,应用现在分词完成时被动形式作状语,故填Having been tested,故选B。
19.The professor preferred ________lectures to students to ________ to attend meetings.
A.to give; invite
B.giving; inviting
C.to give; be invited
D.giving; being invited
【答案】D
考查非谓语动词。句意:教授更倾向于给学生们上课,而不是被邀参加各种会议。A. to give给; invite邀请;B. giving给; inviting邀请;C. to give给; be invited邀请;D. giving给; being invited邀请。prefer doing A than doing B为固定句型,意为“比起做B更倾向于做A”。且主语The professor与动词give之间是主动关系,与动词invite之间是被动关系,故空1填giving,空2填being invited。故选D项。
20.________ from his parents, the boy is determined to stop playing computer games.
A.Press
B.Pressing
C.Pressure
D.Pressed
【答案】D
考查过去分词。句意:在父母的逼迫下,这个男孩决心不再玩电脑游戏。press“逼迫,挤压”。句中已有谓语动词is determined to stop且空前无连接词,可知此处要用非谓语动词,由press和逻辑主语the boy之间是被动关系,可知要用过去分词。故选D项。
二、完成句子
21.随着考试的临近,所有学生都开始专注于复习功课。
______, all the students began to ______their lessons.
【答案】
With the exam(s) approaching /As the exam(s) approached focus on going over
考查with的独立主格结构。此处是with的独立主格结构,with 名词/代词 现在分词,或连词as(随着)引导的时间状语和固定词组focus on“集中于”,再结合所给汉语可知答案为 (1). With the exam(s) approaching /As the exam(s) approached
22.男孩做完作业后就出去踢球了。
________ ________ his homework, the boy went out to play football.
【答案】Having finished
考查现在分词。分析句子可知,男孩做完作业这个动作,先于“出去玩”这个动作,故用完成时来表示动作先后顺序的发生;分析句意可知,此句的主语是the boy,与finish之间是主动关系。故填Having finished。
23.The boys ___________________ are my classmates.
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
【答案】gathering at the school gate
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句中有系动词“are”且句中无连词,故空格处应用非谓语动词,“gather”意为“聚集”,动词词性,“boys”与“gather”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用现在分词作后置定语修饰“boys”,“gathering at the school gate”表示“聚集在校门口的”。故填gathering at the school gate。
24.我认为我们晚上应该睡好,这样的话醒来时会精力充沛。
I think we should sleep well at night, ________.
【答案】thus waking up with energy
考查现在分词作状语。结合汉语提示,空白处的内容为“这样的话醒来时会精力充沛”;表示“因此”用副词thus;表示“醒来”用短语wake up;表示“精力充沛”用with energy;分析可知,设空处在句中为状语,句子主语I与动词wake up为主谓关系,所以wake用现在分词形式waking。故填:thus waking up with energy。
25.他出去时,把他的文件摊开在桌子上。(leave)
He went out, ________ on the desk.
【答案】leaving his papers lying open
考查现在现在分词。本句已经有谓语went out,he与leave在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。在根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处应用“leave 宾语 宾补”结构,表示“使/让……保持某种状态”,宾语补足语可以由形容词、副词、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词、名词和介词短语来充当。his papers与lie在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填leaving his papers lying open。
26.Students____________________working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective campuses.
对运动部的工作感兴趣的学生应与各自校区的运动协调人联系。
【答案】interested in
考查固定短语。短语be interested in“对……感兴趣”,句子已有谓语动词should contact,空处需填过去分词形式作定语。故填interested in。
27.People in all countries want to live in a peaceful world ________.
所有国家的人们都想生活在一个和平而不是充满战争的世界。
【答案】rather than one filled with wars
考查短语、代词和非谓语动词。rather than而不是。代词one代指句中world。be filled with充满,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。根据句意,故填rather than one filled with wars。
28.不要仅凭外表就对某人形成看法。(base. . . on. . .)
Don't form an opinion about someone ________.
【答案】based on his appearance alone
考查非谓语动词。结合原文,分析句子可知,“仅凭外表”可理解为“仅仅建立在外表的基础之上的”,作后置定语修饰名词an opinion,用非谓语动词形式,可用题目中指定动词短语base. . . on. . .(把……建立在……基础上)翻译,因与其逻辑主语an opinion之间是被动关系,所以应使用过去分词形式,另外,“外表”用appearance表示,“仅仅”用副词alone表示。故填based on his appearance alone。
29.不要运用只有具有专业知识的人才能懂的词汇和表达方式。(动词-ed形式做定语)
Don't use words or expressions ________ ________ ________ ________ with specific knowledge.
【答案】known only to people
考查非谓语动词。结合句意表示“为某人所知”应用be known to sb.,此处省略be动词用过去分词做后置定语修饰words or expressions;表示“只有具有专业知识的的人”可翻译为only people with specific knowledge。故填known;only;to;people。
30.汤姆发现自己被中国文化深深吸引了。
Tom finds himself____________________________________________.
【答案】deeply attracted by Chinese culture
考查非谓语动词。中国文化Chinese culture,吸引attract,深深地deeply。本句使用find 宾语 宾补结构,设空部分是宾补,这个结构中的宾补形式可以是现在分词、过去分词、形容词或介词短语。根据汉语句子中的“被中国文化深深吸引了”可知,这里有一个明显的被动,非谓语形式中过去分词有表示被动的含义,故选用过去分词形式。故填deeply attracted by Chinese culture。
三、用单词的适当形式完成句子
31.______ by the teachers from small villages, he became a volunteer teacher.(inspire)(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Inspired
考查非谓语动词。句意:受到小村庄老师的激励,他成为了一名支教老师。分析句子可知,inspire(激励)是非谓语动词,作原因状语,与其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系,且“受到激励”这一动作已经发生,所以应用过去分词,表示被动和完成,另外,句首单词首字母大写。故填Inspired。
32.When ________ (cross) the street, you can never be too careful. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】crossing
考查非谓语动词。句意:过马路时,越小心越好。分析可知,空格处为非谓语,动词cross和主语之间是主动关系,故用其现在分词作状语,和前文when搭配,是时间状语从句的省略。故填crossing。
33.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________(challenge).
【答案】looking challenged
句意:我迅速低下身子,低下头去避免直接去看他的眼睛以便他没有感觉到被挑战。动词avoid后接动名词作宾语,故填looking。句中feel是连系动词,根据语义采用challenge的过去分词形式作表语(含被动关系),故填challenged。
34.I don’t think what he said is _______(relate) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
【答案】related
考查固定搭配。句意:我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。be related to是个固定搭配,意为"和……相关"。故填related。
35.Under the threat of illness, they are still ________ (engage) in medical work, which is really admirable. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】engaged
考查固定短语。句意:在疾病的威胁下,他们仍然从事医疗工作,这真是令人钦佩。be engaged in是固定短语,意为“从事”,因此空格处是engaged,故填engaged。
36.On reaching the station,the passenger found someone in rags________(wander)around the station. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wandering
考查非谓语动词。句意:一到达车站,这位乘客发现穿得破衣烂衫的一个人在车站周围徘徊。固定短语“find sb. doing sth.”译为“发现某人正在做某事”,所以填入现在分词wandering作宾语补足语,表主动和正在进行。故填wandering。
37.There is a growing voice________ (claim) that higher fuel costs would definitely solve the issues of traffic and pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】claiming
考查非谓语动词。句意:越来越多的人声称,燃料价格的上涨肯定会解决交通和污染问题。分析句子可知,claim作定语修饰voice,voice与claim 在逻辑上构成主谓关系,现在分词表主动,此处作定语,故填claiming。
38.________ (speak) of home, people wonder why homework and housework are not the same thing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Speaking
考查非谓语动词。句意:说起家,人们总想知道为什么家庭作业和家务是两码事。分析句子结构可知speak在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Speaking。
39.The technique ________ (employ) in Monet's paintings made them unique and impressive. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】employed
考查过去分词。句意:莫奈绘画中所运用的技巧使他们独一无二,令人印象深刻。分析句子可知,空处应使用非谓语动词。由于employ与所修饰词The technique之间是被动关系,应使用过去分词,作定语。故填employed。
40.With his arms _______ (fold), Tom stood there silently and listened to what the reporter was saying. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】folded
考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆抱着胳膊静静地站在那里听记者在说什么。此处为with的复合结构with 宾语 宾补,arms与fold构成被动关系,应用过去分词。故填folded。
41.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ________ (attract) by his lectures. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】attracted
考查非谓语动词。句意:他在学生中很受欢迎,因为他总是设法让他们被他的讲课所吸引。分析句子可知,提示词attract是非谓语动词,作使役动词make后宾语them的补足语,与其逻辑主语them之间是被动关系,所以应用过去分词,表被动。故填attracted。
42.The newspapers keep us ____________(inform)of what is going on around us at any time.
【答案】informed
考查非谓语动词。句意: 报纸使我们随时了解周围发生的事情。本句中inform与us构成被动关系,故填过去分词informed。
43.Partly due to pollution ________ (cause) by ship traffic, the dolphin population has dropped. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】caused
考查非谓语动词。句意:海豚数量减少的部分原因是由于船只运输造成的污染。分析句子可知,提示词cause(造成)作后置定语修饰名词pollution,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语pollution之间是被动关系,且“cause”这一动作已经发生,所以应用过去分词,表示被动和完成。故填caused。
44.The project ________ (design) to help the disabled is very popular with them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】designed
考查非谓语动词。句意:这个旨在帮助残疾人的项目很受他们的欢迎。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词design和所修饰的名词project之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。
45.The problem will not be difficult to solve if probably ________ (handle). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】handled
考查非谓语动词。句意:如果有可能被处理的话,这个问题将不会很难解决。分析句子可知,handle在这里作条件状语,与主句主语The problem之间是动宾关系,应使用过去分词形式。故填handled。
46. If________(breathe)in, the viruses can result in illness or even death.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】breathed
考查过去分词作状语。句意:如果吸入,病毒会导致疾病甚至死亡。此处是if引导的条件状语从句的省略句,句子主语the viruses和动词breathe之间是被动关系,是过去分词作状语。故答案为breathed。
47.______ (judge) from his accent,he must be from the south.
【答案】Judging
考查现在分词作状语。句意:从口音判断,他肯定来自南方。此处考查固定表达judging from“从……判断”,该结构通常当作介词来用,故填Judging。
48.Having ______ (spend) all his money,the boy had to give his mother a call.
【答案】spent
考查现在分词的完成式。句意:已经花光了所有钱,这个男孩不得不给妈妈打电话。分析句子可知,此处是非谓语动词作状语,spend和the boy之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,又“花费”的动作发生在“不得不打电话之前”,故用现在分词的完成式形式having done,故填spent。
49.Tom came ______ (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
【答案】dashing
考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆来了,手里拿着一些电影票冲进屋里。分析句子可知,此处是非谓语动词作状语,dash和Tom之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,故填dashing。
50.The woman hurried to the railway station to meet her daughter, leaving the washing machine ________ (run). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】running
考查非谓语动词。句意:那位妇女丢下还在运转的洗衣机跑到火车站去接她的女儿。此处为leave 宾语 宾补结构,且the washing machine与run为主动关系,故用现在分词作宾补。故填running。
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