每课一句新概念英语第1册第49课（一课一题一语法）

【往期回顾】

一课一题一语法：新概念英语第2册第86课

【答案】

1. They _will have completed_ (complete) the work on the bridge by next Sunday.

2. They _had left_ (leave) for Moscow by the end of last month.

3. They _had been working_ (work) on the problem for ten days before it was solved.

4. They _will have been building_ (build) the house for two weeks by the time she comes next week.

【本期内容】

下面我们继续本周《新概念英语2》第87课的重点句型或语法的分享。先来读一读课文：

一、课文原文

Lesson 87 A perfect alibi

'At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8 o'clock train to London,' said the man.

'Do you always catch such an early train?' asked the inspector.

'Of course I do,' answered the man.' I must be at work at 10 o'clock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time.'

'Would a later train get you to work on time?' asked the inspector.

'I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.'

'At what time did you arrive at the station?'

'At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.'

'And you didn't notice anything unusual?'

'Of course not.'

'I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8 o'clock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.'

大家可以从下面购买《新概念英语》第二册的官方教材：

二、重点句型或语法

本课主要是复习第15课、第39课和第63课所学的间接引语的用法。

（一）第15课

本课侧重学习的是直接引语转为间接引语中的人称变化原则、时态变化原则和句型变化原则。

所谓“人称变化原则”，是指转为间接引语时，直接引语中人称的变化，其口诀是“一随主，二随宾，三不变”，即：

如果直接引语中有第一人称，转为间接引语时，要与主句的主语保持一致；

如果直接引语中有第二人称，转为间接引语时，要与主句的宾语保持一致；

如果直接引语中有第三人称，转为间接引语时，保持不变，照抄即可。

如：

Kate says to me, 'I will visit you with Jack next week.'

这句话的直接引语中包含了第一人称“I”、第二人称“you”和第三人称“Jack”，所以转为间接引语时，I指Kate，you指me，Jack不变，其结果为：

Kate tells me that she will visit me with Jack next week.

【注意】

主句中的say to一般要改为tell。

所谓“时态变化原则”，是指转为间接引语时，直接引语中的谓语动词时态如何变化，主要有两条规则：

如果直接引语中主句的谓语动词采用的是一般现在时，则间接引语中的谓语动词的时态，与直接引语中的谓语动词的时态保持一致；

如果直接引语中主句的谓语动词采用的是一般过去时，则间接引语中的谓语动词的时态，要改为直接引语中的谓语动词的时态所对应的过去时态。

如：

Kate said to me, 'I will visit you with Jack next week.'

这句话中的said采用的是一般过去时，所以直接引语中的will visit到了间接引语中，要改为其对应的过去时态，即：

Kate told me that she would visit me with Jack next week.

所谓“句型变化原则”，是指转为间接引语时，直接引语本身属于哪种句型，决定了连接间接引语的连接词的不同。本课里侧重学习的是当直接引语为陈述句时，其间接引语的连接词用that，且可以省略。如：

Jason said to Mary, 'Rose has arrived in Beijing with Mike.'

上句中的直接引语“Rose has arrived in Beijing with Mike”为陈述句，所以改为间接引语时，用that连接，即：

Jason told Mary (that) Rose had arrived in Beijing with Mike.

（二）第39课

本课侧重学习的是句型变化原则，是在第15课的基础上，新增直接引语为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时的用法。

1、当直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语用if/whether连接，不可省略。如：

The man said to his wife, 'Did you attend Nina's birthday party last night?'

其间接引语为：

The man asked his wife if/whether she had attended Nina's birthday the night before.

【注意】

因为直接引语为问句，所以主句中的动词said to要改为asked。

2、当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语用直接引语中的特殊疑问词连接，不可省略。如：

Tom said to Jane, 'What are you doing with my hammer?'

其间接引语为：

Tom asked Jane what she was doing with his hammer.

（三）第63课

本课侧重学习的还是句型变化原则，是在第15课和第39课的基础上，新增了直接引语为祈使句的用法，以及主句动词表示“建议、命令、要求”等动词时的用法。

1、当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语中用动词不定式to do或not to do连接直接引语的内容。如：

Oscar said to Kitty, 'Give me your pencil, please.'

其间接引语为：

Oscar told/asked Kitty to give him her pencil.

【注意】

此时主句中的said to可以改为told或asked。

再比如：

Eason said to Benny, 'Don't come late for my birthday party tomorrow.'

其间接引语为：

Eason told/asked Benny not to come late for his birthday party tomorrow.

2、当直接引语的主句中的谓语动词表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持”等时，其间接引语的谓语动词往往要采用“should do”的用法，should可以省略。如：

She insisted, 'Stay for lunch, Jack.'

其间接引语为：

She suggested that Jack (should) stay for lunch.

三、一课一题

根据本课的复习内容，让我们来练一练吧，请把下列句子改为间接引语。

1. Larry says to Ingrid, 'I was reading when you called me yesterday.'

2. Sunny said to David, 'Do you like my novel?'

3. Andy said to Snow, 'Where did you go with

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廖怀宝

时学英语创始人

《英语点津系列辅导丛书》总主编

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