联合国难民署的赤贫标准（决策者联合国难民署驻华代表就乌克兰紧急人道救援为CGTN独家撰文）

Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for influential leaders to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Vanno Noupech is the United Nations Refugee Agency’s Representative in China. He has responded to emergencies and represented UNHCR for nearly three decades in over 30 countries. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily the views of CGTN.

编者按：《决策者》是全球决策者分享对国际事务见解的平台。卢沛赫是联合国难民署驻华代表。他已代表联合国难民署在30多个国家应对紧急状况近30年。文章仅代表作者观点，不代表CGTN。

UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is now facing one of the fastest growing displacement crises since World War II. While we are still grasping the unprecedented scale and speed of this new emergency, we are humbled by the surge in worldwide solidarity and support for those forced to flee as well as the work of our partners, neighboring countries and local host communities to help those escaping violence.

联合国难民署正面临着第二次世界大战以来恶化速度最快的难民危机之一。当我们还在了解这次危机导致的难民规模和增速时，越来越多的人已开始向我们的合作伙伴、乌克兰邻国和当地收容社区等提供声援和支持。我们对这些施以援手的人表示敬意。

In Ukraine, the UN estimates that there are now around 1.85 million internally displaced people, and 12.65 million people have been affected by the conflict. They are also contending with freezing temperatures. Civilians fleeing are threatened by indiscriminate shelling and landmines, destruction of civilian infrastructure; families are becoming separated and women and girls are facing heightened risks of gender-based violence. Fuel, cash, food, medicine and shelter materials are desperately needed by those who are displaced within the country. The UN continues to negotiate in order to secure access, safety and security for the delivery of lifesaving aid. UNHCR staff are on the ground in Ukraine and – like the civilian population – remain caught up in the hostilities. We are committed to stay and deliver assistance when and where access and security allow.

联合国预估已有185万人在乌克兰境内流离失所，1,265万人受到冲突影响。他们也在与严寒抗争。不分青红皂白的炮击和地雷以及民用基建损毁给逃难的民众造成威胁。许多家庭正在变得支离破碎，妇女和女童的性别暴力风险也逐渐升高。乌克兰境内难民急需汽油、现金、食品、医药和庇护材料。为确保提供救生援助所需的渠道、安全和保障，联合国正加紧谈判。难民署的工作人员在乌克兰的实地救援——与平民一样——仍然困于冲突双方的炮火之中。我们承诺在出入和安全允许的情况下，随时提供援助。

I echo our High Commissioner's gratitude to the governments of receiving countries who have admitted more than 2.5 million refugees who have crossed borders to seek safety and who urgently need mental health and psychosocial support as well as cash, food, shelter, and emergency relief items such as blankets, sleeping mats and hygiene kits. UNHCR is on the ground supporting these government efforts and has scaled up its operations as the crisis, already declared as UNHCR's highest level of emergency, escalates.

我同联合国难民事务高级专员一道，向难民接收国政府表示感谢。这些国家已接收250万逃离乌克兰边境线寻求安全的难民。这些难民不仅急需精神卫生和社会心理支持，也需要食品、庇护用品和诸如毛毯、床垫和卫生救助包等急救品。联合国难民署正在当地协助政府救援，并随着危机升级扩大其行动。我们已经宣布这是难民署面临的最高级别的紧急情况。

UNHCR's mandate is non-political: We support people who need our help, wherever and whoever they are, in line with humanitarian principles: Humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence. We have a long-standing presence, with offices in Ukraine and in the neighboring countries, and we are currently scaling up our presence in the region. I am personally familiar with this part of the world, having worked many years in Ukraine since the beginning of the crisis in 2014 and most recently in the Russian Federation before my appointment here in China.

联合国难民署的使命没有政治倾向：我们援助需要帮助的人，不论他们在哪里，不论他们是谁，因为这就是我们的人道主义宗旨：人道、中立、公正、独立。我们在乌克兰境内和周边国家都长期设有办事处，我们也正在该地区加倍投入人力物力。我对这一地区很熟悉，自2014年局势升级以来，我在乌克兰工作多年，在被派驻中国之前我也曾在俄罗斯工作。

People rush to catch a train and evacuate the city at the central train station of the major port city of Odesa, Ukraine, March 9, 2022. /VCG

UNHCR has been working with national authorities, scaling up our preparations and response in Ukraine since day one. We are coordinating protection activities as part of the UN interagency response including distributing core relief items for internally displaced people. We are already providing food, water, blankets, and shelter materials to reinforce damaged houses and infrastructure. We are helping local authorities to set up reception and transit centers for displaced people and providing heating, relief items and counselling at border areas.

自乌克兰危机爆发之日起，联合国难民署就已经跟政府部门协作，加强对乌克兰危机的响应准备。作为联合国各机构间应对措施的一部分，我们正协调保护难民的措施，这包括向境内难民分发核心救济品和紧急庇护品。我们已经提供了食品、水、毛毯和用于加固受损房屋和基建的庇护材料。我们正协助当地政府部门为流离失所的人设立接待处和中转中心，并已在边境地区提供取暖设施、救济品和咨询服务。

UNHCR has established warehouse or supply hubs in neighboring countries at all border areas with Ukraine and inside western Ukraine. We are rolling out cash assistance inside Ukraine, Poland and Moldova, and stepping up our operational engagement in Moldova and Poland, including cash assistance enrolment, reception, and protection.

联合国难民署在乌克兰西部和邻国建造了仓库及供给枢纽。我们正在乌克兰、波兰和摩尔多瓦境内推出现金援助，并加强我们在摩尔多瓦和波兰的业务，包括现金援助的登记、接收和保护。

I know many of the UNHCR colleagues who remain on the ground in Ukraine personally. They are deeply committed to delivering critically needed life-saving assistance whenever possible and despite tremendous challenges. But for UNHCR and our partners to continue delivering humanitarian aid in Ukraine, safe and unimpeded access to all affected areas is essential. Civilians must be protected and humanitarian law must be upheld.

我认识许多留在乌克兰当地的联合国难民署同事。一旦可能，不论面临多大挑战，他们都将坚定致力于尽可能提供拯救生命的急需救援。但对于联合国难民署及合作伙伴而言，如要在乌克兰持续提供人道主义援助，必须确保救援渠道安全、畅通。我们必须保护民众，维护人道主义法。

UNHCR is leading the Regional Refugee Response Plan to address the outflow of refugees into neighboring countries and playing an especially vital role in coordination, which facilitates efficient humanitarian work and avoids gaps and duplication. We are supporting protection efforts and registration, distributing emergency relief and cash assistance. We are also identifying and responding to the needs of the most vulnerable including women and children, who are the vast majority of refugees.

联合国难民署正在制定《区域难民应对方案》，解决流向周边国家的难民问题，并且在协调提供高效的人道主义救援，避免漏洞和不必要的重复工作中扮演着至关重要的角色。我们支持保护工作和难民注册，以及紧急救助物品和救助金的分发。我们也在确定和响应最弱势群体的需求，他们绝大多数是难民中的妇女和儿童。

I know from my own emergency experience how critically people need information in such a complex and volatile situation with high levels of family separation and trauma. UNHCR and our partners are providing hotlines, leaflets and websites to help people affected understand their rights and access services and legal aid in the places they are taking refuge.

从自身应对紧急情况的经验中，我知道，在面临家庭离散和极度悲伤的这种复杂多变的情况下，人们对信息的需求是多么迫切。联合国难民署及其合作伙伴提供热线、传单和网站等，让受灾民众了解在庇护地他们的权利和可获得的服务和法律援助。

Thankfully spring's warmer temperatures will soon bring some relief to those who are displaced and who have lost their homes and belongings. But having worked in every phase of an emergency during my career with UNHCR, I know that we must start planning for the next harsh winter when people who are displaced may still be without adequate shelter and heating and will have run out of resources. We must also make that refugee children can resume their education as soon as possible.

但愿春天的暖意会给那些已经流离失所和失去家园和财产的人们带去些许安慰。不过，回想起在联合国难民署职业生涯中应对危机各个阶段的经历，我知道必须开始为下一个寒冬做好准备，因为到那时，流离失所者也许还没有找到合适的庇护所，还没有取暖设施，也有可能资源耗尽。我们也必须确保难民儿童能够尽早回到学校。

This kind of emergency response and UNHCR’s rapid scale up in circumstances changing by the minute is only possible with the generous flexible funding UNHCR receives from governments, companies and the public. Few of us could have imagined a few weeks ago the situation we face now, and yet we have been able to respond immediately.

没有来自政府、企业和公众的慷慨且灵活的资助，这种紧急响应以及联合国难民署在不断变化的形势下迅速扩大行动规模是不可能实现的。几周前，没有人想象得到如今面临的状况，现在我们已具备了立即响应的能力。

Before this crisis, UNHCR was already appealing for nearly $9 billion to meet the needs of over 100 million people who are and will be forcibly displaced around the world in 2022. Now we need an additional $510 million to sustain protection and assistance for what we estimate will become over 2 million people displaced inside Ukraine and 4 million refugees in neighboring countries. Flexible funding is vital for UNHCR to continue to deliver an efficient and adaptive response.

在这场危机到来之前，联合国难民署已经呼吁提供近90亿美元支持，以满足2022年全球范围内预计超过1亿正在和即将被迫流离失所的难民的需求。为了给乌克兰境内我们预估的200多万难民和在其邻国的400万多难民提供可持续的保护和援助，现如今需要再增加5.1亿美元。灵活的资金筹措对于难民署继续提供有效和可适应性的应对措施至关重要。

UNHCR is grateful for China's support to this crisis. The Chinese government has publicly called for protection, shelter and humanitarian access and reaffirmed the role of the United Nations in coordinating and channelling humanitarian aid. We have received an outpouring sympathy and support for those affected from the Chinese public and private companies.

联合国难民署感谢中国为解决这场危机提供的援助。中国已公开呼吁对难民提供保护、安置和人道主义准入，并已重申支持联合国人道援助的协调作用。我们已收到来自中国公众及私营企业所表达的深切同情和援助支持。

As the UN Refugee Agency, our mandate is to protect refugees worldwide. Together, we must leverage this moment of extraordinary solidarity with those forced to flee, for all the emergencies and protracted situations around the world where UNHCR and our partners are responding. Let our calls for peace coupled with this surge in support for humanitarian aid reach beyond the Ukraine emergency to Afghans, Ethiopians, Syrians, the Rohingya and so many others who – like those fleeing Ukraine - never chose to be refugees and who dream of returning home.

作为联合国难民署，我们的任务是保护全世界的难民。在联合国难民署和我们的合作伙伴正在应对的全球所有紧急情况和旷日持久的局势中，我们必须共同利用这一时刻与那些被迫逃离的人们保持非凡的团结。让我们呼吁和平，呼吁更多人支持人道主义援助，并让这些援助不仅限于乌克兰的紧急情况，更能惠及阿富汗人、埃塞俄比亚人、叙利亚人、罗兴亚人和许多其他人——他们就像逃离乌克兰的人一样——从未选择成为难民并梦想返回家园。