新型冠状病毒高考英语词汇（高考考点新型冠状病毒）

宅在家，为疫情而恐慌还不如开始复习高考“疫情”相关的考点，知己知彼百战不殆。

1、“新型冠状病毒”英语高频词汇

01 病名病毒类

Epidemic:[ˌepɪˈdemɪk] 传染病;流行病

Pneumonia:[njuːˈməʊniə] 肺炎

Pneumonia situation:肺炎疫情

Novel coronavirus:[kə,rəʊnə'vaiərəs] 新型冠状病毒

词汇讲解:

pneumonia 肺炎一词发音中,字母“p”不参与发音

novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒,“novel ”在这里不是“小说”的意思,而是“新奇的,异常的”。根据世界卫生组织的推特显示,“新型冠状病毒”也可表述为“new coronavirus”。

02 病人病例类

Coronavirus patients:冠状病毒病人

Confirmed case:确诊病例

Suspected case:疑似病例

Close contacts:密切接触者

Critical conditions:重症

Mild case:轻症

Elderly people:老年人

Passengers with abnormal body temperature :体温异常旅客

【词汇讲解】

confirmed case:确诊病例

suspected case:疑似病例

两个表达中,均是动词 ed的表达方式,此种词汇构型一般用以表示形容词词态或被动语态。

close contacts:密切接触者,一词中contact不作为动词,而是应用其名词含义,即接触者。

03 相关措施类

Temperature screening:体温筛查

Vaccine:疫苗

Body fluids:体液

Quarantine:[ˈkwɒrəntiːn]隔离;检疫

Under medical observation:进行医学观察

Already cured:治愈

First-level emergency response:一级应急响应

Top-level response:最高级别响应

Major public health and security emergencies:重大突发公共卫生安全事件

Be discharged:解除隔离

Medical assistance :医疗援助

Diagnose:诊断

Disinfect:消毒

Medical inspection:医学检查

【词汇讲解】

quarantine 隔离;检疫 一词的发音较为拗口,但因该词属于防控措施中最重要环节之一,建议掌握其用法。

eg:Passengers have to be quarantined for at least 14 days.(乘客需至少被隔离14天).

04 医疗设备类

Thermometer:体温计

Stretcher:担架

Mask:口罩;面罩

Respirator:[ˈrespəreɪtə(r)] 呼吸机,防毒面具

Wheelchair:轮椅

Disinfector:消毒剂

【词汇讲解】

mask:口罩的含义中,既有口罩和含义,也有面具的含义,一把医疗手术口罩会直接只用surgical mask。

respirator一词有的文章中指代的是防毒面具或特定类型的口罩。

05 疾病症状类

Symptom:症状

Be infected with:感染

Susceptible:[səˈseptəbl]易感染的

Chest tightness:胸闷

Cough:咳嗽

Dizziness:眩晕

Thirst:口渴

Nausea:[ˈnɔːziə] 恶心

Ague:[?e?ɡju?] 发冷;寒颤

Have difficulty in breathing:呼吸困难

Cold:感冒

Influenza:[ˌɪnfluˈenzə] 流行感冒

Diarrhea:[ˌdaɪə'riːə] 腹泻

Fever/low fever:发烧/低烧

【词汇讲解】

此类词汇的表达一般有固定句型,如the passenger is suffering from...等用于表达乘客有何种病症体现。

06 人员部门类

Medical staff:医护人员

Physician:内科医生

Surgeon:外科医生

Quarantine officer:检疫人员

Customs:海关

Sanitary authority:检疫部门

Inspection and quarantine department:检验检疫部门

Fever clinic:发热门诊

Center for disease control and prevention:疾控中心

Health authorities:卫生主管部门

Authorities concerned:有关当局;主管部门

【词汇讲解】

此类词汇中physician、surgeon、respiratory physician等词语因使用频率较低,只建议大家了解使用。authority 的意思是“权力,权威”,英文中用它的复数形式 authorities 来指“官方、当局、当权者”。

eg:health authorities 卫生主管部门

education authorities 教育主管部门

authorities concerned 有关当局;主管部门

supervisory authorities 监督部门 ; 监督管理机构

07 防控隔离类

“封城”“隔离”,外媒用了各种各样的词汇来报道:

· the lockdown of the city/the city is in lockdown 禁闭

·a city in quarantine 隔离

·seal off the city 封死

·shut down the city 关闭

· the closure of the city 关闭

2、“新型冠状病毒”英语高频句型

01 简单句型

1.The novel coronaviruses typically cause respiratory symptoms。

新型冠状病毒通常会引起呼吸综合征。

2.So we recommend a basic hand hygiene,such as washing your hands with soap and water, and respiratory hygiene, such as wearing a N95 respirator when you have to be outside.

所以我们建议保持基本的手卫生,比如用肥皂和水洗手。还要保持呼吸道卫生,比如在不得不外出时佩戴N95口罩。

3.CCDC have designated N95 filtering disposable respirators as appropriate in helping to reduce exposure to airborne 2019-nCoV.

中国疾控中心已经指定使用N95型一次性过滤口罩,用于帮助减少通过空气传播新型冠状病毒的感染几率。

上面这个句子里还有三个生活里经常能用的新词:

· filtering的意思是"过滤的";

· disposable的意思为"用完即扔,一次性";

· airborne意为"空气传播的"。

4.Scientists believe SARS was caused by cross-species transmission in the province—with the blame initially falling on masked palm civets, which are considered a delicacy.

科学家们认为SARS是由于病毒的跨物种传递导致,并且将矛头指向了一向被视作美味佳肴的果子狸。蝙蝠就比较简单了,译作bat。

5.Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.

避免跟有感冒或流感症状的人密切接触。

02 复杂句群

1. 什么是冠状病毒?

What is a coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can betransmitted (传播,动词) from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒的总称。据美国疾病控制和预防中心称,在极少数情况下,科学家称之为“人畜共患疾病”,这意味着它们可以从动物传染给人类。

2. 传播途径

How it spreads

Viruses can spread from human contact (接触) with animals.

When it comes to human-to-human transmission (传播,名词) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (小水滴,飞沫) in a cough.

Depending>exposure (暴露,接触). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

病毒可通过人类与动物的接触传播。

病毒在人与人之间传播时,通常发生在接触到感染者的分泌物时,例如咳嗽时的飞沫。

根据病毒的毒力,咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西,然后触摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。

3. 新型冠状病毒感染的治疗

Coronavirus treatment

There is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms willgo away>

Doctors can relieve (缓解) symptoms by prescribing (开处方) a pain or fever medication.

目前还没有具体的治疗方法,但研究仍在进行中。多数情况下症状会自行消失,但专家建议尽早寻求治疗。如果症状比标准感冒更严重,请看医生。

医生可以通过开止痛药或退烧药来缓解症状。

4. 新型冠状病毒严重程度

Should you worry about the Wuhan coronavirus?

The Wuhan coronavirus fatality rate (致死率) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but stillcomparable (相当) to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic (大流行病). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an "iceberg" of milder cases we are yet to find.

武汉冠状病毒死亡率低于SARS和MERS,但仍与1918年西班牙流感大流行相当。真实的病死率可能会更低,因为可能有大量较轻病例尚未发现。

5. 如何预防

How can you can prevent it?

You may be able to reduce your risk of infection (感染) by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands often with soap and water and for at least 20 seconds.

Awareness is key. If you are sick and have reason to believe it may be the Wuhan coronavirus due to travel to the region or coming into contact with someone who has been there, you should let a health care provider know and seek treatment early.

Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and disinfect (消毒) the objects and surfaces you touch.

可以通过避开病人来降低感染的风险。尽量避免触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。经常用肥皂洗手,每次洗手至少20秒的时间。

预防意识是关键。如果你前往过武汉或与曾去过那里的人接触,有理由怀疑自己感染了武汉冠状病毒,应报告医疗机构并尽早寻求治疗。

咳嗽或喷嚏时捂住口鼻,并对触摸的物体和表面进行消毒。

3、“新型冠状病毒”英语阅读

What is a coronavirus?什么是冠状病毒?

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that range from the common cold to MERS coronavirus, which is Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus.

冠状病毒是一个病毒群,包括引起普通感冒的病毒、中东呼吸综合征(MERS)冠状病毒和严重呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒等。

Where do coronaviruses come from?冠状病毒源自何处?

Coronaviruses are circulating in animals and some of these corona viruses have the capability of transmitting between animals and humans. We call that a spillover event.

冠状病毒在动物中循环,有些冠状病毒具备在动物和人之间传播的能力。我们称其为溢出事件。

How can I help protect myself from a coronavirus?如何避免自己感染冠状病毒?

The coronaviruses typically cause respiratory symptoms. So we recommend a basic hand hygiene, such as washing your hands with soap and water, and respiratory hygiene, such as when you sneeze, sneezing into your elbow.

冠状病毒通常会引起呼吸道症状。因此,我们建议要保持基本的手卫生,比如用肥皂和水洗手。还要注意呼吸道卫生,比如打喷嚏时,曲肘遮住口鼻。

Ways to protect yourself against a potential animal source would be to avoid unnecessary, unprotected contact with live animals and to make sure that you wash your hands thoroughly after contact with an animal, and also to make sure that your meat is cooked thoroughly before consuming.

保护自己免于动物来源感染的方式包括:避免在未加防护的情况下与活的动物有不必要的接触;要确保接触动物后彻底洗手;还要确保肉食全做熟后才能食用。

Is there a treatment?有治疗方法吗?

There are no specific treatments for coronaviruses, but symptoms can be treated.

针对冠状病毒没有特异治疗方法,但可以对症治疗。

外媒:WHO官网预警报告

CDC is closely monitoring an outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a novel (new) coronavirus (termed “2019-nCoV”) that was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and which continues to expand. Chinese health officials have reported hundreds of infections with 2019-nCoV in China, including outside of Hubei Province. A number of countries, including the United States, have been actively screening incoming travelers from Wuhan and human infections with 2019-nCoV have been confirmed in Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, and South Korea.

中国疾控中心正在密切监测由一种新型(新)冠状病毒(被命名为为“2019nCoV”)引起的呼吸系统疾病的爆发,这种病毒首次在中国湖北省武汉市被发现,并继续扩大。中国卫生官员报告说,包括湖北省以及其他省份,在中国已有数百人感染。包括美国在内的多个国家一直在积极筛查武汉入境旅客,台湾、泰国、日本和韩国也证实了2019nCoV感染。

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some causing illness in people and others that circulate among animals, including camels, cats and bats. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can evolve and infect people and then spread between people such as has been seen with MERS and SARS. When person-to-person spread has occurred with SARS and MERS, it is thought to have happened via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes, similar to how influenza and other respiratory pathogens spread. Spread of SARS and MERS between people has generally occurred between close contacts. Past MERS and SARS outbreaks have been complex, requiring comprehensive public health responses.

冠状病毒是一个大的病毒家族,有些会导致人的疾病,有些会在动物间传播,包括骆驼、猫和蝙蝠。很少有动物冠状病毒能进化并感染人,然后在人与人之间传播,如MERS和SARS。SARS和MERS的人际传播途径感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时产生的呼吸道飞沫,类似于流感和其他呼吸道病原体的传播方式。SARS和MERS的传播一般发生于人际密切接触。既往的MERS和SARS疫情非常复杂,需要全面的公共卫生应对措施。

Early on, many of the patients in the outbreak in Wuhan, China reportedly had some link to a large seafood and animal market, suggesting animal-to-person spread. However, a growing number of patients reportedly have not had exposure to animal markets, suggesting person-to-person spread is occurring. At this time, it’s unclear how easily or sustainably this virus is spreading between people.

早些时候,据报道,在中国武汉爆发的疫情中,许多患者与一个大型海鲜和动物市场有一定关联,暗示动物对人传播。然而从报道来看,越来越多的病人并没有接触过动物市场,这表明人际传播正在发生。目前,尚不清楚这种病毒在人与人之间传播的容易程度和可持续性。

Outbreaks of novel virus infections among people are always of public health concern. The risk from these outbreaks depends on characteristics of the virus, including whether and how well it spreads between people, the severity of resulting illness, and the medical or other measures available to control the impact of the virus (for example, vaccine or treatment medications).

新病毒在人群中的爆发一直是公共卫生关注的问题。这些暴发的风险取决于病毒的特性,包括病毒是否人际传播、传播的程度、由此引起的疾病的严重程度、以及有无医疗或其他措施(例如疫苗或药物治疗)来控制病毒产生的影响。

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