英语中的外来词举例（英语中有趣的外来语）

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英语中的外来词举例

Hi.

嗨。

Welcome back to engvid. com. I'm Adam.

欢迎回到engvid.。我是Adam。

In today's video we're going to learn non-English words.

在今天的视频中，我们将学习非英语单词。

You're thinking surprised because this is an English video lesson, it's supposed to be about English, but in English we tend to borrow a lot of words from other languages.

你会感到很诧异，因为这本来是一堂英语视频课，本来课堂内容应该全部关于英语，但在英语中有很多单词是从其它语言中借用过来的。

We keep them as they are, we even keep their meanings more or less, but we like to apply them to many areas.

我们保持了单词的拼写，甚至或多或少保持了单词的原意，但我们很喜欢将它们用在很多不同的场景中。

So there's a lot of words.

有很多很多这样的单词。

These are just a. . .

它们就像是......

This is just a sample of the foreign words that we use regularly in English.

这只是我们在英语日常使用中用到外语单词的例子。

Some of them have been changed to apply to other things besides the original meaning of the word.

其中一些单词除了本身的意思外，还被运用到了别的事物上。

So. . .

因此......

Excuse me.

言归正传。

First, let's start with the actual words: " tsunami" , this is Japanese.

首先，先举几个具体的例子："tsunami"是日语单词。

" Gung ho" is Chinese.

"Gung ho"是汉语。

" Pro bono" , Latin.

"Pro bono"是拉丁语。

" Quid pro quo" , also Latin.

"Quid pro quo"也是拉丁语。

" Prima donna" , Italian.

"Prima donna"是意大利语。

" Je ne sais qua" , French.

"Je ne sais qua"是法语。

" Déjà vu" , French.

"Déjà vu"是法语。

" Faux pas" , French.

"Faux pas"是法语。

" Du jour" , French.

"Du jour"是法语。

" Kaput" , German.

"Kaput"是德语。

And " guru" is actually Sanskrit.

"guru"实际上是梵文。

Okay.

好吧。

So, first I'm going to explain to you what the words mean, where they came from, and what they mean originally, and then how we use them in English.

我先跟大家解释一下单词的意思，起源于哪，本意是啥，以及我们如何在英语中使用它们。

So we'll start with " tsunami" .

我们先来说说"海啸"。

" Tsunami" basically means harbour wave.

"海啸"的基本含义是港口风浪。

So, in Japan after an earthquake, sometimes. . .

在震后的日本，有时......

They have a lot of earthquakes, but sometimes they get a tsunami.

日本经常会发生地震，但有时日本会遭受海啸。

It's basically a big wave.

这基本上就是表示海啸的含义。

So the ocean after the earthquake sends a big wave and it covers the land.

地震后的海洋会兴起一次海啸，并波及到大陆。

There was a big one a few years ago, a lot of damage.

几年前有过一次海啸，造成了很大的损失。

But we use this, again, to mean the same thing.

我们用这个单词来表达相同的含义。

Whenever there's a tsunami, whenever there's a big wave after an earthquake, but we also use it to talk about anything that's large and sudden.

每当震后发生了海啸，都可以这样表达，还可以用这个单词来表示巨大的、突如其来的事情。

So, for example, the whole world is facing a refuge situation now.

例如，全世界正面临着躲避灾难的境遇。

A lot of people from. . .

许多人......

Moving from all parts of the world to other parts of the world, and the countries that are receiving these refuges, they are facing a tsunami of refuges.

都在从世界各地向其它地区迁移，国家都在接收难民，各国都在面对大规模的难民。

So it's like a big wave of people.

就像表达一大群人一样。

Okay?

明白了吗?

So whenever you have a big, sudden, wave or whatever, a big, sudden situation or a big, sudden change coming at you, you can call. . .

每当你遭遇大规模、突如其来的境遇或者，每当你面临巨大的变故时，你可以说......

You can refer to it like a tsunami.

你可以比喻成“海啸”。

Okay?

明白了吗?

" Gung ho" .

"有上进心的"。

So, " gung ho" basically means very enthusiastic.

"有上进心的"原意为非常热情的。

In Chinese it means basically part of a team or teamwork, but in. . .

在中国，基本上表示为团队的一部分，但......

The way we use it in English, if we say: " That person is really gung ho" , it means he's really enthusiastic, really eager, really wants to work hard.

在英语中我们的用法是，如果我们说：“这个人真的很有上进心”，意思是他真的很热情，非常渴望，想要努力工作。

So, if I work at a company and a new employee comes in. . .

如果我在一个公司上班，同时来了一个新员工，

And I've been at this company a long time, you know, I'm settled, everything, I do my work, I go home.

而且我已经在这个公司工作很久了，清楚吧，我过的很安稳，每天下班回家。

But this guy comes in and he's so gung ho that everybody's a little bit worried because he's making us look bad.

但是这个人来了，他非常的有激情，每个人都会感到些许顾虑，因为在他的对比下我们看起来没那么好。

He's too gung ho.

他很有激情。

He's too energetic, too enthusiastic.

他太有正能量了，太热情了。

It's a. . .

这就是......

So it's a very good word for that.

这是表达这个意思很好的单词。

Anytime you're ready to do something, you can do it gung ho or you can do it casual.

每次你准备好做一件事的时候，你可以带着激情或者很随意地去做。

" Pro bono" , basically this means Free.

"义务"，原意为免费的。

So I'm going to actually write this because these are a little bit long to write.

我来写下这个单词的意思，因为其它单词的意思有点长。

Free.

免费的。

If. . .

如果......

So, you see a lot of doctors.

你比如说许多医生。

A lot of doctors or lawyers when they start their business or when they're very successful and they can afford it, they do a lot of pro bono work.

许多医生或律师在他们工作的时候或当他们有所成绩的时候，他们能负担得起去做许多义务工作。

Means they'll go provide legal advice to somebody who can't afford it, or they'll do medical assistance to people who can't afford it.

意思就是他们会为那些穷人提供法律咨询，或是医疗援助。

For example, they'll go around the world to poor countries and they'll help children especially with medical situations, etc. So anything. . .

例如，他们会走遍全世界的贫穷国家，向儿童提供特殊的医疗条件等。无论任何事情......

Anytime somebody does something for free, like but professional, like work and they do it for free, it's pro bono work.

无论任何时候，当某人做了义务工作，十分专业的，就像免费打工一样的，这就是义务工作。

" Quid pro quo" , something for something.

"互相帮助"，意思是一报还一报。

We also have an idiom: " If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours." Okay?

我们还有一个谚语：“如果你帮我，我就会帮你。”明白了么？

It means: You do something for me, I'll do something for you.

意思是：你为我做了什么，我就会为你做同样的事。

But when we exchange favours. . .

当我们互相帮助时......

For example, if I do something, some professional work for you because I'm a lawyer, I will give you some legal advice; you're a designer, you will design my website.

例如，如果我做了某事，我作为律师为你做了一些专业的工作，给你提供法律建议；你作为设计师为我设计网站。

I don't pay you money, I pay you with legal service; you pay me with your design work.

我不付你钱，我只为你提供法律建议；而你为我做设计工作。

Quid pro quo.

互相帮助。

I do something for you, you do something for me.

我为你付出了，你也为我付出了。

And this is also a very common expression.

这也是一种很普遍的表达方式。

Okay, so now we're going to move to the Italian: " prima donna" .

现在我们来说一个意大利语单词："领衔女士"。

Now, " prima" means first, " donna" means lady, so it's the first lady.

"领衔"表示第一，"女士"表示夫人，意思就是第一夫人。

So when we speak about the opera, the lead female singer is the prima donna, but we mean it as a woman or a person. . .

当我们谈论歌剧的时候，领衔女性歌手就是第一夫人，但它的用法不一定特指女性......

Doesn't have to be a woman.

不用必须是女性。

It could be a man who's a prima donna.

也可以表达领衔的男性。

But it's somebody who's very temperamental.

但得是一个喜怒无常的人。

So let me write that for you.

给大家写一下。

Someone who's temperamental is very moody, changes his mood or her mood all the time, always making demands that are. . .

某个人总是喜怒无常的，情绪总是在变化，总是无法......

Can't really be met.

真正的满足他（她）的需求。

Very. . .

非常......

Somebody you don't really want to spend too much time with because they're a little bit over-demanding and never satisfied.

你真的不想在这个人身上浪费太多时间，因为他总是过分要求，而且从不满足。

You might be more familiar with this word: a " diva" .

你对这个单词可能会更熟悉："喜怒无常的"。

" Prima donna" , " diva" , they're pretty much synonymous.

"领衔女士"和"喜怒无常的"意思十分接近。

But let's put it this way: When we call somebody a prima donna it's not necessarily a good thing.

让我们这样解释：当我们形容某人喜怒无常时，不必是一个很正面的意思。

A prima donna is somebody who always complains, and is never satisfied, and thinks he or she deserves more than they get.

喜怒无常的人就是一个经常抱怨的人，而且从不满足，他（她）的欲望总是比得到的还要多。

Okay?

明白了吧？

So that's prima donna.

这就是“领衔女士”的意思。

Moving on to the French.

继续来说法语词汇。

" Je ne sais qua" means I don't know what.

"就该是这样的"意思就是我不知道为啥会这样。

So when we're talking about something that's really, really good, and somebody asks us to explain why it's really good, and, you know, they're just. . .

当我们在讨论某件事真的真的很好的时候，某人就会让我们解释为什么这么好，其实你知道，它们就是......

There's just something there.

就是这样啊。

You can't really point to it, you can't identify it because it's a mystery, but it's there.

你无法真正的描述出好处是什么，你无法辨别它，因为它是一个谜，但它就是这样的。

So we say: " Well, I don't know. It has a certain je ne sais qua." Or so you talk about an actress or an actor, or a person, any person, or you talk about a food or a fashion, or an art.

我们说：“好吧，我不知道。它就是有某种优势。”或者你在谈论某个演员或某个人，任何某个人，或当你谈论一种食物、时尚或艺术时。

You know it's good, but you don't know why.

你知道它很好，但是就是不知道为什么好。

There's just a certain mysterious element, a certain je ne sais qua.

就是有某种谜一样的元素，有某些优点。

We often use that word: " certain" , actually.

实际上，我们常使用这个词：“某些”。

" A certain je ne sais qua" .

“某些优点”。

Okay?

明白了吗？

" Déjà vu" .

"就该是这样的"。

" Déjà vu" is that feeling when you've already been somewhere or you've already done something, or you've already seen something exactly like you're seeing it now.

"就该是这样的"是当你已经到达某个地方或已经做完某事的时候，或你已经看到了你想看到的东西时的一种感受。

So you're in a situation and you walk into a room, for example, and you're like: " Oh my god, I feel like I've been here before." Do you know what I mean?

举个例子，你在某个场景下并走进了一个房间，你就会说：“我的天啊，我好像来过这里。”你知道我想表达啥吧？

Like it's so familiar, even though you've never been there, but it looks so familiar it's like déjà vu.

就像是似曾相识的感觉，即使你从未去过那，但看上去就像是很眼熟的。

Like in another life you've experienced this already.

就像你在另一个世界里经历过似的。

Sometimes people say. . .

有时人们会说......

Oh, sorry.

对不起。

" Déjà vu" , seen already.

"就该是这样的" ，表示曾见到过的。

Some people say: " Déjà vu all over again" , which is a bit of redundancy.

一些人会说：“就该是这样的，一再地重复”，有一点赘余。

It's saying the same thing twice, but people say it, just so you know.

连续2次表达一个意思，但人们就是这么说，你知道的。

Déjà Vu, there's a movie also with Denzel Washington.

似曾相识，有一个Denzel Washington主演的电影。

He goes back in time, and forward in time, and back in time, so he keeps living the same moment so it's déjà vu.

他瞬间回到过去，又瞬间进入未来，又瞬间回到过去，总是活在在同一时刻里，这就是似曾相识。

" Faux pas" .

"失礼"。

" Faux pas" is basically an error.

"失礼"本意是一个错误。

Okay?

明白了吗？

But not like a mistake.

但不像是犯错误。

It's an error in a cultural, or a social, or an etiquette way.

它是在文化、社会或礼仪方面的错误。

Etiquette.

礼节上的。

So, for example, in a certain situation you're not supposed to act in a certain way.

举个例子，在某种场合下，你不应该做出某种行为。

If you're around rich people, everybody's in tuxedos and gowns. . .

如果你在一群富人周围，每个人都穿着燕尾服和礼服......

Sorry if I touched that.

如果我没遵守这个原则会感到很抱歉。

Everybody's in tuxedos and gowns, and you come wearing running shoes.

每个人都穿着燕尾服和礼服，而你穿着运动鞋。

That's a fashion faux pas.

这是礼仪方面的失礼。

This is a very common. . .

这是一种很常见的......

" A fashion faux pas." If you. . .

“礼仪方面的失礼”。如果你......

If you see, like, the Oscars or any awards shows, there's always going to be some sort of a newspaper or a magazine, saying: " She made a faux pas, a fashion faux pas. Very bad." But anyways, it's in a cultural or social situation.

如果你看到，你喜欢奥斯卡或任何颁奖典礼，总会有某些杂志或报纸上会写道：“她犯了错误，犯了时尚界的错误。非常不好。”但无论如何，这是在文化或社会环境下的。

If you go to a very fancy dinner and the host serves you white wine with beef, with gravy, whatever, that's a bit of a faux pas because you should have red or whatever.

如果你去吃一顿非常美味的晚餐，主人会为你端上白葡萄酒、牛肉、肉汁，无论如何，这都有点失礼，因为你应该喝红酒或别的什么。

So it's commonly used, but only in certain contexts.

经常会用到这个词，但只是在某种特定的上下文语境中。

" Du jour" , of the day.

"当日" ，表示今日。

So if you go to any restaurant. . .

如果你去到任何一家餐厅......

Not any restaurant, but many good restaurants will have a soup du jour.

不是任意一家，而是很多不错的餐厅都有当日的汤类。

It means soup of the day.

意思是每日例汤。

Today's soup, every day is different.

每日例汤，每天都不同。

But we also use this in other contexts, for example, you have a guy who every week or every month you see him with a new girlfriend.

在其它上下文中我们也会用到这个词，例如，有一个家伙，你每个星期或每个月都能看到他和一个新女友在一起。

So you make a joke: " So who's the girlfriend du jour? Who's today's girlfriend? " because always changes.

你开玩笑说：“例行女友是谁啊？今天又是哪个女朋友？”因为他总是在换女友。

We can say that with pretty much anything that changes regularly.

我们可以用来表达日常改变的事情。

" What is the ________ du jour? " Okay?

" 什么是 ________ 例行事务? 明白了吗?

The German " kaput" .

德语 "坏了"。

" Kaput" comes from a card game, and the " kaput" means the loser, but now we basically use it to mean broken or something that's not working.

"坏了"来源于卡片游戏，意思是输家，现在我们基本上用它来表示坏了或不起作用了。

So, for example, I have a fridge and it's broken down before but I fixed it, and it's broken and I fixed it.

例如，我有一个冰箱，之前坏了，后来我修好了。坏了又修好了。

And it's broken again and I go to fix it, but that's it, I can't fix it anymore.

又坏了，我又去修它，它总是这样，我没法再修好了。

It's kaput.

这就是彻底完了。

It's finished.

完了。

It's done, it's never going to work again.

结束了，再不能正常使用了。

Time to throw it in the garbage, get a new fridge.

是时候给它扔进垃圾桶了，再买个新的。

And " guru" .

"导师"。

So originally a " guru" was a spiritual guide.

"导师"原本是指心灵向导。

He would help you along your spiritual journey, especially in Hinduism and in Buddhism, etc. But today we use this word to mean expert or somebody who's very good at something.

他会帮助你指引出一条心路旅程，特别是在印度教和佛教等。但今天我们用这个单词表示专家或某人在某方面特别擅长。

So this person you should listen to.

你应该听这个人的。

He or she can be your teacher.

他（她）可能是你的导师。

And also. . .

同时......

It used to be only men, now anybody can be a guru.

之前只表示男性，现在任何人都可以用guru来表示。

So if you go online you'll always see on the internet, the internet is full of gurus.

如果你上网，你总能在网上看到各种各样的导师。

They'll teach you how to make money, they'll teach you how to be successful, they'll teach you how to get noticed, they'll teach you how to start your business.

他们会教你如何赚钱，他们会教你如何成功，他们会教你如何受到关注，他们还会教你如何开始做生意。

They are gurus.

他们就是导师。

Financial gurus, marketing gurus.

金融导师，市场开发导师。

They know everything, you should listen to them.

他们什么都知道，你将要跟随他们。

Okay, anybody can be a guru.

好吧，任何人都能成为导师。

Don't necessarily trust somebody just because they call themselves a guru.

不必相信那些自称为导师的人。

Anyways, so these are the words you need to know.

不管怎样，这些都是你需要知道的单词。

Even if you know them in your own language, if you're a French speaker and obviously you know these words, keep in mind that they might be used in slightly different contexts in English.

即使你只在你的母语中认识它，如果你的母语是法语，很显然你知道这些单词，请记住在英语中关联上下文，这些词的含义会有略微的差异。

But they have. . .

但是它们......

They have become part of the English language.

它们已经成为了英语的一部分。

So, if you like this lesson, I hope you did.

如果你喜欢本节课，我希望你真能喜欢。

If you like it and everything's clear, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.

如果你喜欢的话，并且都听明白了，请订阅我的YouTube频道。

If you have any questions, please go to engvid. com and ask all the questions you have there.

如果你还有问题，请登录engvid来提出你的问题。

There's also a quiz to make sure you understand the meanings of these words and expressions.

还有一个小测试，来验证你确实理解这些单词和短语的意思。

And, of course, come back again and see more great videos from all of us and see you again soon.

当然，希望你能再次回到这里观看我们更多的精彩视频，下次见。

Bye-bye.

再见。

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