英语语法第21讲（英语语法精讲第21节）

什么是宾语从句？

在复合句中做了宾语的从句就是宾语从句。通常宾语从句有自己的主语、谓语和宾语等成分。宾语从句中的时态也要与主句中的时态基本保持一致。

（1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that (因为), except that (除了), but that (只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。

例如：I promised that I would change the situation.

我保证我要改变现状。

在此句中，that 引导的 I would change the situation. 就是一个宾语从句，做了动词 promised 的宾语。

All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.

这些都不同于美国年轻人所谈论的友谊。

在此句中，what American young people would say about friendship. 做了介词 from 的宾语。

He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.

他确信儿童看太多电视不好。

在此句中，that watching so much television is not good for children. 做了形容词certain的宾语。

This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

这篇文章除了略长以外，写得很好。

在此句中， except that（除了）是固定搭配，常引导一个宾语从句。

（2）宾语从句后如有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至“宾补”之后。

例如：He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

他已经说得很清楚了，他不会改变主意。

在此句中， that he would not change his mind. 是宾语从句，但因为后面还有一个宾语补足语 clear ，所以用“it”作为形式宾语，取代宾语从句的位置，把宾语从句放在“宾补”之后，这样整个句子就不显得“头重脚轻”了。

我们再来看一个例句：

I have found it difficult that I can solve all these problems within one week.

我发现在一周内解决所有这些问题是困难的。

（3）在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。

例如：He didn't think that the money was well spent.

他认为这些钱花得不合理。

不能说成：He thought that the money wasn't well spent.

I don't believe that she will be able to pass the exam next week.

我不相信她能通过下周的考试。

不能说成：I believe that she won't be able to pass the exam next week.

(下期预告：表语从句。欢迎继续关注“友胜课堂”)