韩愈名篇散文（双语散文韩愈蓝田县丞厅壁记）

蓝田县丞厅壁记

Written on the Wall of the Assistant Magistrate’s

韩愈

Han Yu

丞之职所以贰令，于一邑无所不当问。其下主薄、尉，主薄、尉乃有分职。丞位高而逼，例以嫌不可否事。文书行，吏抱成案诣丞，卷其前，钳以左手，右手摘纸尾，雁鹜行以进，平立睨丞曰：“当署。”丞涉笔占位，署惟谨，目吏，问：“可不可？”吏曰：“得”，则退，不敢略省，漫不知何事。官虽尊，力势反出主薄、尉下。谚数慢，必曰“丞”，至以相訾謷。丞之设，岂端使然哉？

The assistant magistrate’s task is to help the magistrate and look into everything that goes on in his county. Under him are secretaries with various functions. But though his status is high, he is too cribbed and encumbered to take any action. When a document has to be issued, the clerk brings it to him—made out. Holding the forepart of the scroll tightly rolled in his left hand, he pulls out its end with his right, swoops down on the assistant magistrate and looks at his askance. “Your signature, please!” he says. The assistant magistrate picks up his brush and signs with care in the allotted place, glancing at the clerk for reassurance. “All in order,” says the clerk, and withdraws. The assistant magistrate dares not look into the matter and has no idea what is at issue. Though his position is high, he has less authority than the secretaries. But he is usually the first to be criticized, and is sometimes roundly abused for negligence. Is this why they created such a post?

博陵崔斯立，种学绩文，以蓄其有，泓涵演迤，日大以肆。贞元初，挟其能战艺于京师，再进再屈千人。元和初，以前大理评事言得失黜官，再转而为丞兹邑。始至，喟曰：“官无卑，顾材不足塞职。”既噤不得施用，又喟曰：“丞哉，丞哉！余不负丞，而丞负余。”则尽枿去牙角，一蹑故迹，破崖岸而为之。

Tsui Szu-li of Poling cultivated the arts and stored his mind with learning, broadening and deepening his knowledge from day to day. At the beginning of the Chen Yuan era, when he went to prove his worth at a test in the capital, he came first in two examinations. At the beginning of the Yuan Ho era, for a word out of season he was dismissed from the Supreme Court where he was a judge, and transferred to be assistant magistrate of this county. Upon his arrival he sighed and said: “This post is not too low, but I may not prove up to it.” When he found his hands tied he sighed again and said: “What an appointment! I am not thankless, but this is a thankless task.” Then he took pains not to be sharp or cutting, trod in his forerunners’ steps, and stood on no ceremony.

丞厅故有记，坏漏污不可读。斯立易桷与瓦，墁治壁，悉书前任人名氏。庭有老槐四行，南墙巨竹千梃，俨立若相持，水虢虢循除鸣。斯立痛扫溉，对树二松，日吟哦其间。有问者，辄对曰：“余方有公事，子姑去。”

An old wall inscribed with names in the magistrate’s office was so dilapidated, cracked and soiled that the writing on it was illegible. Tsui replaced the beams and tiles, repaired and plastered the wall, and recorded all his predecessors’ names. In the courtyard were four rows of old ash trees, and a thousand fine bamboos ranged solemnly by the south wall as if in attendance, while water gurgled past the steps. Tsui cleaned the place thoroughly and planted two pines in front of his office, where he chanted poetry every day. When asked any question he made haste to answer: “I am busy with affairs of state. Please go away!”

（杨宪益、戴乃迭 译）

白话译文：

县丞一职是用以辅佐县令的，对于一县的政事没有什么不应过问。其下是主薄、尉，主薄和尉才各有专职。县丞的地位高于主薄、尉，逼近县令，照例为了避嫌疑而对公事不加可否。在公文发出之前，吏胥怀抱已拟成的案卷，到丞那儿去，卷起前面的内容，用左手夹住，右手摘出纸尾签名处，像鹅和鸭那样摇摇摆摆地进来，直立斜视，对县丞说：“您还要署一下名。”县丞拿笔望着应由自己署名的位置，谨慎地签上名字。抬头望着小吏，问：“可以了吗？”小吏说：“就这样。”然后退下。县丞不敢稍稍了解一下公文的内容，茫然不知道是什么事情。官位虽较高，实权和势力反而在主薄、尉之下。民间谚语列举闲散多余的官职，一定说到县丞，甚至把丞作为相互谩骂的话。设立县丞一职。难道本意就是如此吗？

博陵人崔斯立，勤学苦练，以积累学问，他的学问包容宏深，境界广阔，每天都有长进，并且逐步显露出来。贞元初年，他怀藏本领，在京城与人较量文艺，两次得中，两次折服众人。元和初年。他任大理评事，因为上疏论朝政得失而被贬官，经过两次迁谪，来到这里做县丞。刚到时，他叹息说：“官无大小，只怕自己的能力不能称职。”在只能闭口无言无所作为的现实面前，他又感慨地说：“县丞啊，县丞啊，我没有对不起县丞，县丞却对不起我！”于是完全去掉棱角，一概按照旧例，平平庸庸地去做这县丞。

县丞的办公处原来刻有一篇壁记，但房屋损坏漏水而遭污损，已无法阅读。崔斯立为之换椽易瓦，粉刷墙壁，将前任县丞的名氏全部写上。庭院里有老槐四行，南墙有大竹千株，昂首挺立，好象互不相下，水声汩汩绕庭阶而鸣。斯立把厅屋里外打扫干净，种上两棵相对的松树，每日在庭中吟诗。有人问他，他就回答说：“我正有公事，您暂请离开这里。”