对精致利己主义的反思（浅析精致利己主义）

“精致利己主义”的说法由北大中文系钱理群教授提出，当时是用来描述一些高校的大学生虽然拥有着高智商，但为人处事奉行着惟利是图的原则，行为表现圆滑老道，善于伪装，并善于利用体制达到自己的目的。所谓“精致”是与“粗糙”相对的概念，追求“精致”就是追求物质财富以外的东西，而“利己主义”就是指一切都以自己的利益为中心。

乍一听这个词，觉得好像并没有什么问题，因为作为一个常人，我们不是圣人，总该有些时候，我们要满足自己的需求。但“精致利己主义”并不是我们常有的对于基本需求的满足，而是在有意识或者下意识的情况下，将牟取利益作为为人处世的第一原则。他们一定说得多，不一定做得少，但一定都是为了自己。那些埋头苦干的人一般都不是“精致利己主义者”。

精致利己主义者的一个可怕的特点就是善于伪装自己。这样的人往往有着高于常人的智商与情商，平日里所呈现出来的都是为人亲和，甘愿为集体利益牺牲自己的个人利益的形象。因而，那些没有和他们深度接触过的人会给他们很高的印象评价。和他们有过深度合作的人才知道，他们实在太可怕。比如，他们名义上说是要给你提建议来改进方案，但很多时候都只提意见而不给解决办法，实际上他们就是不想让你做成事情而已。

再者，他们善于为自己的不合理行为找到看似正当的理由。举个小例子，A同学和B同学一起走在放学的路上，A同学说：“完了，我这次听写一定过不了，好多单词我都不记得。”B同学说：“我肯定能过，因为我打了小抄。”A同学沉默了，B同学接着说：“抄与不抄，看的不过是个人的选择，你有你的坚持，我也有我的想法。”听到这里，A同学顿时气愤涌上心头，因为B同学上课与老师互动积极，也经常在回答问题时，亮出许多很正派的观点，因此受到老师们的喜爱。回想起来，老师还经常夸赞B同学听写全对，顿时觉得B同学虚伪至极。的确，有很多事取决于个人的价值判断，但以此来为自己不合规的行为洗白不仅是对于规则的罔顾，也是对于那些踏踏实实做事的人的不公。

说道造成“精致利己主义”的原因，主要有几下几点：

1.家庭原因：由家庭因素导致的“精致利己主义”可分为两类。第一类是家庭教育观念落后，在这种情况下，家长教育孩子只要抓住机会，无论用何种手段获取的东西，只要到手了，就该是自己的。比如有的家长会在孩子捡到钱后夸赞孩子。另一类就是孩子从小被家里人宠溺，当离开家庭和学校的象牙塔，就会陷入一种只要自己想要的东西就都该得到的错觉。

2.社会原因：

社会上有太多惟利是图的例子了。医患关系、食品安全问题、诚信危机、道德困惑……这些活生生的例子摆在面前，似乎增加了“精致利己主义”的合理性。另一方面，社会上的唯成功是论也使得一些人从小就陷入对成功的痴迷，从而选择趋利。

翻译

The term "exquisite egoism" was put forward by Professor Qian Liqun of the Chinese Department of Peking University. At the time, it was used to describe that although some college students had high IQs, they followed the principle of profitability, and their behavior was sleek and old, good at disguising, and Be good at using the system to achieve your own goals. The so-called "exquisiteness" is a concept opposite to "roughness". The pursuit of "exquisiteness" means the pursuit of things other than material wealth, while "egoism" means that everything is centered on one's own interests.

At first hearing this word, it seems that there is no problem, because as ordinary people, we are not saints. There should always be times when we have to meet our own needs. But "exquisite self-interest" is not the satisfaction we often have for basic needs, but consciously or subconsciously, taking profit as the first principle of acting in the world. They must speak more, not necessarily do less, but they must all be for themselves. Those who work hard are generally not "exquisite egoists."

A terrible characteristic of refined egoists is that they are good at disguising themselves. Such people often have higher IQ and EQ than ordinary people, and they usually present an image of being friendly and willing to sacrifice their own personal interests for the collective benefit. Therefore, those who have not had deep contact with them will give them a high impression. Someone who has worked with them in depth knows that they are terrible. For example, they nominally want to give you suggestions to improve the plan, and many times they only give suggestions and do not solve the problem. In fact, they just don't want you to do things.

Furthermore, they are good at finding seemingly legitimate reasons for their inaction. To give a small example, student A and student B are walking on the way out of school together. Student A said: "It's over, I must not be able to pass the dictation this time. I can't remember many words." Student B said: "I will definitely be able to do it. Because I typed a cheat sheet." Classmate A was silent, and classmate B went on to say: "To copy or not to copy is just a personal choice. You have your persistence, and I also have my ideas." Hearing this, classmate A Angrily rushed into my heart immediately, because classmate B interacted actively with the teacher in class, and often showed a lot of decent opinions when answering questions, so he was loved by the teachers. In retrospect, the teacher often praised the correct dictation of classmate B, and suddenly felt that classmate B was extremely hypocritical. Indeed, many things depend on personal value judgments, but using this to clean up one's non-compliant behavior is not only a disregard for the rules, but also an injustice for those who do things in a down-to-earth manner.

There are several main reasons for "exquisite egoism":

1. Family reasons: "exquisite egoism" caused by family factors can be divided into two categories. The first category is the backward concept of family education. In this case, parents only need to seize the opportunity to educate their children, no matter what means they obtain, as long as they get it, they should be their own. For example, some parents will praise their children after they find money. The other is that children have been spoiled by family members since they were young. When they leave the ivory towers of home and school, they will fall into the illusion that as long as they want something they deserve.
2. Social reasons: There are too many examples in the society where profit is a motive. The doctor-patient relationship, food safety issues, credibility crisis, moral confusion... these living examples are placed in front of us, which seem to increase the rationality of "exquisite self-interest". On the other hand, the success-only theory in society also makes some people fall into an obsession with success since they were young, and thus choose to seek profit.

参考材料：百度文库 谷歌翻译

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