动词ing作状语基本形式（动词ing形式作状语）

v.­ing形式作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作等，相当于与之相对应的状语从句而作伴随状语时，可转换为并列句，我来为大家讲解一下关于动词ing作状语基本形式?跟着小编一起来看一看吧!

动词ing作状语基本形式

v.­ing形式作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作等，相当于与之相对应的状语从句。而作伴随状语时，可转换为并列句。

(1)性质

①v.­ing形式的一般式和完成式：如果现在分词(短语)表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用其一般式(doing)；如果先于谓语动词表示的动作发生，用其完成式(having done)。

Playing in the park, I came across my friend Mary.

在公园玩时，我遇到了我的朋友玛丽。(play的动作与came across同时发生)

Having finished his summary, he went out for a walk for a while.

完成总结后，他出去散了一会儿步。(finish的动作先于went out发生)

②v.­ing形式的主动式和被动式：主要取决于v.­ing形式和逻辑主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是其逻辑主语。

Having struggled for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university.

经过多年的努力，他最终被一所重点大学录取。

Having been shown around the Bird’s Nest, we were taken to the Water Cube.

被带领参观了鸟巢之后，我们被带到了水立方。

③v.­ing形式的复合结构：即v.­ing形式的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

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(2)功能

①现在分词(短语)作时间状语

现在分词(短语)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。

a．现在分词(短语)所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，可以用现在分词(短语)的一般式(doing)作时间状语。

Arriving in Qingdao, I lost my way.

刚到青岛，我就迷了路。

b．谓语动词表示的动作就发生在现在分词所表示的动作的过程中，可以在现在分词(短语)前加上when或while。

Be careful when crossing(＝when you are crossing) the road.

过马路时要小心。

When chatting with her(＝When I was chatting with her), I found she had a gift for art.

和她聊天时，我发现她很有艺术天赋。

c．现在分词(短语)所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，用现在分词(短语)的完成式(having done)作状语。

We are ready for the examination, having made full preparations(＝after we have made full preparations)．

我们已经做好了充分准备，可以应考了。

Having apologized to his teacher for his rude manner(＝After he had apologized to his teacher for his rude manner), he made a promise that he wouldn’t make the same mistake.

因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后，他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。

②现在分词(短语)作原因状语

现在分词(短语)作原因状语，一般置于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。

a．现在分词(短语)表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用现在分词(短语)的一般式。

Respecting his father(＝Because he respected his father), he didn’t want to argue with him.

因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。

Not knowing her address(＝As I don’t know her address), I had better telephone her to come over.

由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。

b．现在分词(短语)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用现在分词(短语)的完成式。

Having wept for a long time(＝After she had wept for a long time), the girl stood up silently and left without a word.

哭了好长一段时间后，那个女孩静静地站起来，一句话也没说就走了。

③现在分词(短语)作条件状语

现在分词(短语)有时表示一种假设的情况，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Going straight down the road(＝If you go straight down the road), you will find the Children’s Palace.

沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到少年宫。

Setting off earlier(＝If you set off earlier), you’ll get to the town at dusk.

如果早点儿出发的话，你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。

④现在分词(短语)作让步状语

现在分词(短语)作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时现在分词(短语)前可带有连词although, even if, even though等。

Regretting making his parents angry(＝Though he regretted making his parents angry), he found it difficult to get out of his bad habit.

虽然很后悔让他父母生气，但是他发现改掉他的坏习惯很难。

Having tried many times(＝Though he had tried many times), he still couldn’t succeed.

尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。

⑤现在分词(短语)作方式或伴随状语

现在分词(短语)经常用来说明谓语动词所表示的动作发生的方式、背景或情况。一般情况下，它和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。作伴随状语时，它没有相应的状语从句可转换，但可以转换为并列句。

Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (＝and stared at the sky for a long time)．

莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

Millie came riding a brand­new bike.

米莉是骑着一辆崭新的自行车来的。

I stood by the door, not daring to say a word(＝and didn’t dare to say a word)．

我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。

⑥现在分词(短语)作结果状语

现在分词(短语)作结果状语表示必然的结果，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加thus，相当于so, so that引导的结果状语从句。

Mother drew the curtain for me, blocking out the light (so it blocked out the light)．

妈妈为我拉上窗帘，把阳光挡在外面。

Football is played all over the world, making it a popular sport.

全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。

动词不定式和现在分词都可作结果状语，但意思有差别： (1)动词不定式作结果状语通常表示一种出乎意料的结果，常在动词不定式前加only或never，用来强调惊讶或失望。 (2)现在分词作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。试比较： The film star intended to leave quickly, only to be surrounded by his fans. 这位影星想迅速离开，却被他的粉丝包围了。 She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg. 她从自行车上掉了下来，结果摔断了左腿。

⑦现在分词(短语)作程度状语

现在分词(短语)在一些习惯表达中，可以作程度状语，常译为“很，非常，极度”，相当于very, extremely。

It’s burning hot today.

今天非常热。

It was freezing cold yesterday.

昨天天气太冷了。

⑧现在分词(短语)作评论性状语

有些现在分词(短语)用于句首，没有逻辑主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见的评论性状语有：

narrowly speaking 狭义上说

judging from/by 由……判断

considering ... 考虑到……

supposing ... 如果……

providing ... 如果……

assuming that ... 假设……

Judging from her accent, she must be from an Arabian country.

听她的口音，她一定是来自阿拉伯国家。

小试牛刀

①________ (walk) down the street, I came across David.

②Pressed from his parents, and ________ (realize) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

③He got up late and hurried to his office, ________ (leave) the breakfast untouched.

④Morris lay on the grass ________ (feel) depressed about this whole situation.

⑤________ (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.

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