英国文化之旅翻译（南望看见吴哥文化）

Angkor culture in Southeast Asia

文 《一带一路报道》全媒体记者 雷露

柬埔寨吴哥窟

向南而望，看见了位于中南半岛的柬埔寨，这里是古代丝绸之路的重要一站，也是打造21世纪海上丝绸之路的重要支点，这片土地孕育的吴哥文明，历经千年岁月风霜依然璀璨夺目。

Cambodia lies to the south of China in the Indochina Peninsula. It was an important part of the ancient Silk Road and a pivot point of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The Angkor civilization bred by this land still dazzles despite all the hardships it experienced in the past thousands of years.

2020年11月，中华人民共和国文化和旅游部公布了2020年“一带一路”文化产业和旅游产业国际合作重点项目名单，经过地方推荐、合规审查、专家评审复核，共有45个项目入选，总投资超过2亿元人民币的《吴哥王朝》大型文化旅游综合体项目名列其中。

In November 2020, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China released the list of “Belt and Road” key international cooperation projects in the cultural and tourism industries of 2020. The list comprises 45 projects that have gone through local-level recommendation, compliance review, and expert review. The Angkor Dynasty, with a total investment of over 200 million yuan, is on the list.

舞台剧《吴哥王朝》剧照

神秘的吴哥古城

The mysterious ancient city of Angkor

1861年，法国博物学家亨利·穆奥为了寻找珍稀动物标本，涉足了距离柬埔寨首都金边约300公里的暹粒原始森林，当他拨开重重密林，一处废弃的古城遗址映入眼帘。

In 1861, a French naturalist named Henri Mouhot set foot in Siem Reap Primeval Forest about 300 kilometers from Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, in search of specimens of rare plants. As he inched his way through the trees, a deserted ancient city came into view.

精妙绝伦的石刻浮雕、形态迥异的巨石佛像、风格奇特的宝塔寺庙，还有一套庞大的水利灌溉系统和一条宽阔笔直的大道……极目望去，建筑群庄严肃穆、比例和谐，无论是建筑技巧还是雕刻艺术，都达到了极高的艺术水准。

The city enjoyed exquisite stone reliefs, figures of the Buddha in widely different shapes, pagodas and temples with distinctive styles, a huge irrigation system, and a wide, straight avenue … From afar, the architectural complex lied proportionately in an atmosphere of solemnity and reverence. Both the architecture and sculpture were extremely artistic.

眼前的景象令亨利·穆奥为之震撼，他赞叹道：“此地庙宇之宏伟，远胜古希腊、罗马遗留给我们的一切，走出森森吴哥庙宇，重返人间，刹那间犹如从灿烂的文明堕入蛮荒。”这就是一度从历史长河中消失的吴哥古城。

Henri Mouhot gazed in awe at the buildings and praised, “The grandeur of the temples here far exceeds everything that ancient Greece and Rome left behind. Leaving the temples of Angkor is like stepping away from a splendid civilization into a primitive world.” This is the ancient city of Angkor, which once disappeared in written history.

吴哥古城始建于公元802年，完成于1201年，前后历时400年修建，如今已发现600余处现存遗迹，主要包括大吴哥、小吴哥、女王宫等等。大吴哥是指盛极一时的吴哥王城遗址，占地近9平方公里，城内散布多处遗址，是国王阇耶跋摩七世所建的国都，也是吴哥文明光辉时代结束前的最后国都；小吴哥是指世界最大的石窟寺庙——吴哥寺，也称吴哥窟，是吴哥遗址的精华所在，长1.5公里，宽1.3公里，因占地面积比吴哥王城小，被世人称为“小吴哥”。

The construction of Angkor Thom got underway in 802 and ended 4 centuries later in 1201. More than 600 sites, including Great Angkor, Angkor Wat, and Banteay Srei, have been found. Great Angkor is the ruins of the once prosperous Angkor Thom. It covers an area of nearly 9 square kilometers and comprises multiple sites. Angkor Thom, the capital built by Jayavarman VII, saw the end of the glorious Angkor civilization. Angkor Wat is the world’s largest grotto temple and the pearl of the ruins of Angkor. With a length of 1.5km and a width of 1.3km, it is smaller than Angkor Thom.

作为吴哥鼎盛时期的代表建筑，吴哥窟规模宏大，包括台基、回廊、磴道、宝塔……全部建筑都由砂石砌成，石块之间无灰浆或其他粘合剂，全靠石块表面形状的规整以及本身的重量结合在一起，细部装饰瑰丽精致。如今，吴哥窟已是柬埔寨一张靓丽的名片，被镶嵌在柬埔寨国旗上，象征民族的尊严和骄傲，向世人展示吴哥文化的辉煌。

As a representative building complex of Angkor in its heyday, Angkor Wat is vast in scale. Its groundwork, winding corridors, stone paths, and pagodas are all made of sand and gravel. There is no mortar or other adhesive between the stones, which, with regular surfaces and under the action of their weight, interlock firmly. The detailed decorations are magnificent and exquisite. Angkor Wat has become a beautiful business card of Cambodia. It is a part of the country’s national flag, not only symbolizing national dignity and pride, but also showcasing the splendor of Angkor culture.

事实上，由于饱经战争破坏和岁月风蚀，吴哥古城大部分建筑已倒塌成废墟，但吴哥古城宏伟壮观的规模、璀璨夺目的建筑艺术，依然令人惊叹。有考古学家把柬埔寨的吴哥古城与中国的万里长城、埃及的金字塔和印度尼西亚的婆罗浮屠并称为“东方四大奇观”。

Most of the buildings in Angkor now lie in ruins due to the havoc wreaked by wars and long-time wind erosion. However, the magnificence of ancient Angkor and its architecture still inspire shock and awe in visitors. Some archaeologists refer to the ancient city of Angkor in Cambodia, the Great Wall in China, the pyramids in Egypt, and the Borobudur in Indonesia as “the Four Wonders of the East”.

从沧桑历史中走来的吴哥古城，厚重、圣洁……1992年，吴哥窟正式跻身世界文化遗产殿堂。

The stately and holy ancient city of Angkor has come through the vicissitudes of history. In 1992, Angkor Wat was officially inscribed as.

《吴哥王朝》项目是四川与柬埔寨文化交流的硕果

大型史诗情景剧《吴哥王朝》

Epic melodrama The Angkor Dynasty

随着吴哥遗址的神秘面纱被揭下，无数游客从世界各地慕名而来，只为目睹她的风采，其中有一位来自中国的杂技艺术家周小衡。他的家乡在距离柬埔寨两千公里外的四川德阳，那里有一座与吴哥窟齐名的历史文明古迹——“沉睡数千年，一醒惊天下”的广汉三星堆遗址。

As the mystery surrounding Angkor ruins is cleared up, tourists flock from all over the world to see her elegance. Zhou Xiaoheng, a Chinese acrobat, is one of them. He lives in Deyang, Sichuan, which is 2,000km from Cambodia and home to an equally famous historical site — Sanxingdui site in Guanghan. “The excavation of this 3,000-year-old site shocked the world.”

沐浴古蜀光辉，7岁开始学艺，入行已有20余年的周小衡是德阳杂技团的团长。多年来他走南闯北，誓要打造一支中国的太阳马戏团。

Zhou grew up in the glory of the ancient kingdom of Shu. He started learning acrobatics at the age of 7. With over 20 years of experience, Zhou is now the head of Deyang Acrobatics Troupe. Over the past years, he traveled the length and breadth of the world in an attempt to build a Cirque du Soleil in China.

2015年，周小衡第一次随文化考察团来到柬埔寨，走进暹粒，穿梭在古道回廊间，感受吴哥窟的震撼。这场旅行在周小衡心中埋下了一颗种子——让吴哥的美融入自己的艺术创作中。

In 2015, Zhou visited Siem Reap in Cambodia for the first time as a member of a cultural delegation. He strolled along ancient roads and winding corridors, impressed by the grandness of the Angkor Wat. This trip sowed a seed in Zhou: he would integrate the beauty of Angkor Wat into his own artistic creation.

“我们想要在柬埔寨做的，不是驻场演出，而是要生根当地，永久落地。”周小衡介绍，德阳杂技团与德阳市振兴国有资本投资运营有限公司共同出资成立德阳美忆文化旅游发展投资有限公司，联合柬埔寨当地大型企业柬埔寨加华综合企业集团共同出资打造大型文化旅游综合体《吴哥王朝》项目。该项目以大型史诗舞台剧《吴哥王朝》为核心，融合剧场、商业、娱乐、餐饮等多种业态为一体，包括现代化大剧院、水上世界、美食天地、柬埔寨民俗风情街等。

“What we want to do in Cambodia is not to perform, but to take root.” According to him, Deyang Acrobatics Troupe and Deyang Zhenxing State-owned Capital Investment and Operation Co., Ltd. jointly funded the Deyang Meiyi Cultural Tourism Investment Co., Ltd. and cooperated with Canadia Integrated Enterprise Group, a large Cambodian enterprise, to launch the large-scale cultural tourism complex, The Angkor Dynasty Project. Centered on the epic melodrama The Angkor Dynasty, it brings together a variety of types of business such as theatrical performance, commerce, entertainment, and catering and comprises the modern Grand Theater, Water Park, Food Court, and Street of Cambodian Folk Customs.

《吴哥王朝》经过改造升级后重新华丽回归

“整体项目从2015年年底开始前期规划，2016年6月正式动工，舞台剧《吴哥王朝》剧本编创、演员招募等工作同步启动，前后耗时2年多。”演出经验丰富的周小衡，当仁不让地担任了舞台剧总策划人，自此他的生活便与吴哥文化紧密联系在了一起。

“Preliminary planning for the project started at the end of 2015. In June 2016, the project officially got underway, and scriptwriting and actor recruitment for The Angkor Dynasty began simultaneously. The whole project took more than two years to complete.” With rich performance experience, Zhou became the chief planner for the melodrama. His life then closely linked with Angkor Wat.

严格规范的演员选拔、潜心聚力的故事创作、别具匠心的舞美设计……2017年10月，舞台剧《吴哥王朝》正式与观众见面；2018年12月，《吴哥王朝》经过改造升级后重新华丽回归。几年间，《吴哥王朝》已经演出上百场，深受观众好评。

After a rigorous and standardized selection of actors, meticulous story creation, and ingenious stage art design, The Angkor Dynastymade its debut in October 2017, and in December 2018, the upgraded version of the melodrama was reintroduced to the audience. The Angkor Dynasty has been performed hundreds of times within just a few years and appraised very well.

周小衡还清楚记得升级见面后的盛况。2018年12月6日下午，柬埔寨暹粒省吴哥王朝大剧院的台前幕后人头攒动，100多名演员和工作人员正在翘首以盼夜幕降临。

Zhou still remembers how well received the upgraded version was among the audience. The Angkor Dynasty Grand Theater in Siem Reap, Cambodia, was packed to the rafters on the afternoon of December 6, 2018. More than 100 actors and staff members eagerly awaited the nightfall.

《吴哥王朝》是一场美轮美奂的视听盛宴

随着聚光灯亮起，热闹的剧院安静下来，化着精致妆容，身穿柬埔寨传统服饰的演员陆续登台。神秘的热带雨林、古老的洞里萨湖、奋勇抵御外敌的吴哥人民，国王号召共筑佛城……一幕幕故事娓娓呈现，观众在美轮美奂的视听盛宴中，了解到吴哥王朝那段鲜为人知的神秘历史。

The boisterous theater quieted down as the spotlight fell on the stage. Actors in exquisite makeup and traditional Cambodian costumes appeared on the stage one after another. The mysterious tropical rain forest, the ancient Tonle Sap Lake, the Angkor people fighting bravely against foreign enemies, and the king appealing to his subordinates for assistance in building a Buddha city ... Stories unfolded in a sumptuous audio-visual feast to unravel the mystery surrounding the little-known Angkor Dynasty.

舞台上，时而阳光明媚，时而倾盆大雨，观众的情绪被演出调动，跟着故事情节起伏，但最紧张还属全程守候在台下的周小衡。由于曾经有演员在表演中受伤，周小衡不敢有丝毫松懈，直至演出结束，幕布缓缓落下，才松了一口气。

The brilliant sun alternated with downpours on the stage. The audience’s emotions changed as the story developed. Zhou, closely watching the performance beside the stage, was the most nervous person. He did not dare to relax a bit because some actors got injured in previous performances. It was not until the curtain came down that he breathed a sigh of relief.

这场精心筹备的演出，吸引了很多观众到现场观看，占地6000平方米，能容纳1200余名观众的吴哥大剧院座无虚席，引得无数媒体争相报道。

This well-prepared performance attracted many people. All seats were occupied in the 6000 square meters of Angkor Grand Theater with an accommodation capacity of more than 1,200, and the performance became a hot topic among media outlets.

如今，不少游客在白天参观完吴哥窟景区后，都伴着夜幕不约而同地走进吴哥大剧院观看《吴哥王朝》舞台剧，为自己的吴哥之行画上圆满的句号。

Nowadays, many tourists go into Angkor Grand Theater to watch the melodrama The Angkor Dynasty during the night after visiting Angkor Wat during the day to conclude their trip to Angkor.

艺术演绎下的中柬合作交流

China-Cambodia art cooperation and exchange

《吴哥王朝》项目是四川省“一带一路”国际合作项目代表的首个永久性落地项目，也是四川省在柬埔寨乃至东南亚推动文化“走出去”的重要平台，更是目前东南亚最先进的多功能演出剧场之一。

The Angkor Dynasty Project is the first permanent project implemented by Sichuan in Cambodia to promote international cooperation along the Belt and Road. It is also an important platform for Sichuan province to promote cultural exchanges in Cambodia and Southeast Asia. Angkor Grand Theater is one of the most advanced multi-functional theaters in Southeast Asia.

该项目取得巨大成功，离不开中柬两国相关部门的支持，也离不开台前演员和幕后团队的共同努力。周小衡介绍，中柬两国的艺术家联手打磨3年，才呈现出美轮美奂的舞台效果，这已经不单单是一出舞台表演，更是汇聚了两国文艺、杂技、舞蹈、音乐、舞美、服装、舞台科技等众多艺术家的集大成之作。

The great success of this project is attributable to both the support from relevant government departments in China and Cambodia and the joint efforts of the actors on the stage and the team behind the theater curtain. According to Zhou, the sumptuous audio-visual feast was the result of the three-year-long cooperation between Chinese and Cambodian artists. It is not only a stage performance, but also a masterpiece that brings together the creative inspirations of a slew of Chinese and Cambodian artists, acrobats, dancers, musicians, stage art designers, costume makers, and stage designers.

时间回溯到2016年5月的那一天，彼时《吴哥王朝》首批学员正式进入剧组，接受最后的选拔。这批学员来自暹粒各行各业，有餐厅服务员，有家庭主妇，也有嘟嘟车司机，他们的表演水平参差不齐，但因为对艺术的喜爱而聚在了一起。

Back in May 2016, The Angkor Dynasty crew officially reviewed the first batch of trainees to shortlist the best candidates. This group of trainees came from all walks of life in Siem Reap, including restaurant waiters, housewives, and tuk-tuk drivers. Their abilities as performers varied widely, but their shared love for art brought them together.

29岁的孙赛贴农是学员之一，他坐在排练室的地板上有些局促，但因其身材高大、皮肤黝黑，在人堆里格外扎眼。当工作人员叫到他的名字时，孙赛贴农迅速起身，拿起尖刀和盾牌，一招一式地比划着，向评委展示高棉武士的气势和风采。精准的力度控制，饱满的情绪表达，引得台下评委点头称赞。

29-year-old trainee Sun Sai Tie Nong felt a little bit embarrassed sitting on the floor in the rehearsal room. He looked especially noticeable in the crowd because of his tall figure and dark skin. When a staff member called his name, Sun Sai Tie Nong quickly got up. He picked up his dagger and shield and performed before the judges in a show of the imposing manner and elegant appearance of a Khmer warrior. His precise control of strength and impressive facial expression amazed the judges under the stage.

孙赛贴农原本是暹粒的一名嘟嘟车司机，每天驾驶嘟嘟车奔波在大街小巷讨生计。因为从小喜欢柬拳，便报名参加了《吴哥王朝》舞台剧演员的选拔，并最终赢得评委青睐，顺利获得心仪的角色，成为《吴哥王朝》舞台剧的一名正式演员。

Sun Sai Tie Nong was originally a tuk-tuk driver in Siem Reap who made a living by transporting goods and passengers in the streets. He became fond of Cambodian boxing when he was still a child, so he signed up for the selection of actors for the melodrama The Angkor Dynasty. He won the approval of the judges and got the opportunity to play the role to his liking.

很快，孙赛贴农便和其他演员一起开始排练，凭着脑子活、肯吃苦，最终上了首演名单。舞台剧《吴哥王朝》的主创们、演员们在艺术创作的过程中，积极促进中柬文化不断交流、不断碰撞，丰富了舞台的艺术感染力。

Soon, Sun Sai Tie Nong began rehearsing with other actors. His cleverness and diligence won him a place in the list of actors for the premiere. The creators and actors of The Angkor Dynasty promoted the exchanges between Chinese and Cambodian cultures during artistic creations. Their efforts enhanced the artistic appeal of the melodrama.

诺罗敦·帕花黛维公主接受媒体采访时直言，《吴哥王朝》项目是四川与柬埔寨文化交流的硕果，更是中国与柬埔寨友谊的象征，这对当地的旅游发展有非常大的促进作用。

Princess Norodom Buppha Devi said in a media interview that The Angkor Dynasty Project is the fruit of the cultural exchanges between Sichuan and Cambodia, a symbol of the China-Cambodia friendship, and an event that will greatly stimulate the development of local tourism.

柬埔寨吴哥王朝 （网络图片）

蛰伏，在困境中成长

Hibernation and growth against all odds

已经过去的2020年，因一场突如其来的疫情，稍显黯淡。受疫情影响，国际文化交流面临巨大考验，被誉为四川文化“走出去”样本的《吴哥王朝》项目也受到波及。

2020 looked bleak due to the sudden outbreak of COVID-19, which posed huge challenges for international cultural exchanges. The Angkor Dynasty, a cultural exchange model project launched by Sichuan, was no exception.

危难中，《吴哥王朝》项目勇担社会责任，携手中国西部演艺院线和四川省演出娱乐行业协会，分别于2020年2月22日、24日、26日，在吴哥王朝大剧院进行3场爱心义演，并在演出现场组织爱心募捐，号召柬埔寨当地华人华侨、商会等为湖北疫区进行捐赠。2月27日，义演票房收入以及现场募捐资金约30万元人民币全部转交柬埔寨大使馆暹粒领事办公室，用于支援湖北抗疫一线。

The Angkor Dynasty Project shouldered its social responsibilities in a time of crisis and panic. In cooperation with the West China Performing Arts Group and Sichuan Province Performance & Entertainment Industry Association, the organizers held three charity performances at the Angkor Dynasty Grand Theater on February 22, 24, and 26, 2020, respectively, and raised charity funds at the performance site, where Chinese and overseas Chinese in Cambodia and chambers of commerce were called on to donate to Hubei province. On February 27, 2020, the box office income generated by the charity performances and about 300,000 yuan raised at the performance site were transferred to the Siem Reap Consular Office of the Chinese Embassy in Cambodia to support epidemic prevention and control in Hubei.

舞台剧《吴哥王朝》自开演以来，一直颇受关注。仅2019年，就吸引观众近20万人次，营收超过260万美元，2020年1月，也实现了26万美元的营收，但随着疫情影响持续扩大，剧组的演出坚持到2020年2月底，便被迫暂停，迄今未能复演。项目停摆，给剧团带来了巨大压力，周小衡不得不贷款700万元人民币用于各种开支。他初步估算，即使柬埔寨旅游复苏，重新宣传运营《吴哥王朝》项目，后期依然要继续投入一大笔资金。

The stage play The Angkor Dynasty has received full credit since it debuted. In 2019 alone, nearly 200,000 audiences watched it, bringing in over USD 2.6 million in revenue. In January 2020, it generated USD 260,000. However, as COVID-19 continued to take its toll, the performance was brought to a halt at the end of February 2020. It is still unclear when performance can resume. The suspension of the project put the troupe under great pressure, and Zhou had to borrow 7 million yuan to cover the expenses. He estimates that even if tourism recovers in Cambodia, huge investments will have to be made to kick off The Angkor DynastyProject again.

聪明的人善于在危机中寻找机遇。演出中断，杂技团主创团队并没有闲着，趁着空档，投入精力创作新的剧目和作品，预计在2021年世界大运会期间，推出以三星堆为故事背景的杂技实景演出《飞翔》。

Smart people look for opportunities in the midst of a crisis. The performance was interrupted, but the creation team of the acrobatics troupe did not stop their work. They created new plays in their leisure time, and plan to launch the Sanxingdui-based live-action acrobatic performance Flying during the 2021 Universiade.

随着越来越多国内项目落地，2020年8月开始，德阳杂技团收支终于实现平衡，这让担心资金链断裂的周小衡松了一口气。尽管疫情的影响还在持续，但周小衡和他的团队始终相信，国际文化交流不会因此中断，期待《吴哥王朝》演出早日重返舞台与观众见面。

Starting from August 2020, the implementation of an increasing number of projects in China has helped the troupe make ends meet and reduced the pressure on Zhou, who has been worried about capital chain rupture. Zhou and his team believe international cultural exchanges will not be interrupted by the ongoing impact of COVID-19. They look forward to the return of The Angkor Dynastyon the stage.

背景延伸

Background information

《吴哥王朝》项目是中柬携手合作的一个缩影。近年来，随着“一带一路”倡议持续深入，中柬两国在文旅、商贸、基础设施建设等领域开展了密切合作，并取得了丰硕成果。

The successful implementation of The Angkor Dynasty Project is the epitome of China-Cambodia cooperation. As the Belt and Road Initiative proceeded further in recent years, China and Cambodia have carried out close cooperation in cultural tourism, commerce and trade, and infrastructure construction, and achieved remarkable results.

早期，由中柬两国合作开发的西哈努克港经济特区，已入驻企业超过160家，其中大部分是中国企业，为当地创造了一万多个就业岗位；2016年10月，中国企业与柬埔寨政府签署《柬埔寨暹粒吴哥国际机场项目BOT协议》，共建暹粒吴哥国际机场；2019年3月，由柬埔寨政府授权给中企投建的柬埔寨首条高速公路“金边—西港”高速公路正式动工，如今还在紧锣密鼓地建设……

More than 160 enterprises, most of which are Chinese, have entered the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone developed by China and Cambodia, creating over 10,000 jobs for local people. In October 2016, Chinese enterprises and the Cambodian government signed the BOT Agreement on the Siem Reap-Angkor International Airport Project, Cambodia to jointly build the Siem Reap-Angkor International Airport. In March 2019, the construction of the Phnom Penh-Sihanoukville Expressway, the first expressway in Cambodia, got underway.

柬埔寨是最早响应“一带一路”倡议的国家，这里有无数生动鲜活的案例，为中柬携手合作写下了美好注脚。2020年10月，中柬两国政府正式签署《中华人民共和国政府和柬埔寨王国政府自由贸易协定》，双方全面战略合作伙伴关系、共建中柬命运共同体和“一带一路”合作进入新时期。

Cambodia was the first country to respond to the Belt and Road Initiative. It provides countless convincing cases and has written a beautiful chapter on China-Cambodia cooperation. In October 2020, the Chinese and Cambodian governments formally signed the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Royal Government of Cambodia, starting a new phase in the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two sides, the joint construction of the China-Cambodia community with a shared future, and the cooperation along the Belt and Road.

图片来源：德阳杂技团

文章来源：《一带一路报道》2021年第2期

编辑：雷怡安

审核：贾琪

主编：邓灼

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