当今世界高速铁路的四种运营模式（埃铁全记录筑路前行）

Pave the way forward to set new record for Egypt’s rail transit

文 肖强 吴晓奕

2022年5月15日清晨，随着一声汽笛声传来，Badr车辆段第1列电客车缓缓出厂。一年多的辛勤付出后，我们终于迎来了埃及斋月十日城铁路项目试运行。

In the early morning of May 15, 2022, the first electric passenger train of the Badr Station departed with a whistle, marking that the 10th of Ramadan Railway in Egypt was put into trial operation after more than a year of construction.

回首往事，历历在目。2019年12月和2021年3月，深圳地铁集团与中国中铁—中航国际联合体签订埃铁项目的运营监管服务合同及联调联试服务合同，为铁路提供1.5年运营筹备、2年运营监管服务及联调联试服务。该项目是深铁集团在海外正式落地的第4个项目，标志着深铁集团在实践企业“走出去”，推动市场化、国际化发展道路上迈出了新的一步。

Looking back, scenes of the past leap before eyes. In December 2019 and March 2021, Shenzhen Metro signed an operation supervision service contract and a joint commissioning and trial service contract respectively with CREC-AVIC INTL Consortium on the 10th of Ramadan Railway Project. It was stipulated that Shenzhen Metro would provide 1.5-year operation preparation service as well as 2-year operation supervision and joint commissioning and trial service for the railway. This project is the fourth project that Shenzhen Metro has officially launched overseas, marking a new step in implementing the “going global” strategy and realizing market-oriented and international development.

运营前的精心准备Careful preparation before operation

合同签订后，深铁国际立即着手组建技术团队，启动运营监管服务工作，编制运营筹备工作计划、体系制度文件等，以深圳地铁运营管理标准体系为蓝本，为项目编制共计42个模块107项体系文件，全力做好该项目运营筹备的各项准备工作。

Immediately upon signing the contract, Shenzhen Metro set up a technical team, started to provide the operation supervision service, and compiled the operation preparation plan and system establishment documents. Based on its operation and management standard system, Shenzhen Metro compiled a total of 107 system documents of 42 modules for the project, making every effort to prepare for the operation of the project.

2022年4月30日，斋月十日城铁路项目在A3区段完成逐级提速试验

2021年1月15日，深铁国际首批技术团队10人赶赴埃及首都开罗。其后，又有40余人分批次赶到项目现场，组建起涵盖轨道、接触网、调度、机电、站务、票务、车辆、信号等专业人员的技术团队，开展建设咨询、设备调试、运营组织方案、人员培训、应急演练等运营维护咨询服务，为埃铁项目运营筹备提供全过程技术支持和保障。

On January 15, 2021, Shenzhen Metro’s first technical team of 10 people arrived at Cairo, capital of Egypt. After that, more than 40 professionals came to the project site in several batches to form a technical team covering rail, overhead line system, dispatching, electro-mechanics, station service, ticketing, vehicle, and signal. They offered operation and maintenance consulting services in construction, equipment commissioning, operation organization plan, personnel training, and emergency drills, thus providing technical support and guarantee for the whole process of project operation preparation.

他们中有历经埃塞轻轨项目、越南轻轨项目洗礼的，也有第一次走出国门的。在疫情期间，他们逆行而上，义无反顾远赴埃及，服务于埃铁项目。

Some of them had participated in the Ethiopian light rail project or the Vietnam light rail project, while some had gone abroad for the first time. During the epidemic, they valorously undertook their duty to serve the 10th of Ramadan Railway Project.

凭借自身的运营优势，深铁国际负责项目运营方巴黎大众运输集团开罗运输公司（RDMC）员工的培训事宜，包括对乘务专业的理论、正线驾驶实操培训，调度专业的行车组织管理、施工管理培训等。

With its own operational advantages, Shenzhen Metro provided training service for the project operator RDMC of Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), including the theoretical training and main line driving training of crew members, as well as the train operation organization management training, and construction management training.

2022年5月13日，RDMC第一批15名乘务司机实操顺利通过评估考核。13、14两日，深铁国际对RDMC区段经理及车站站长等人员开展进路培训，并将中国标准、深铁智慧与埃及轨道交通运维思维充分融合，其精湛的业务能力和务实的工作作风得到RDMC公司高度认可。

On May 13, 2022, the first batch of 15 RDMC drivers successfully passed the practical operation assessment. On the 13th and 14th of the same month, Shenzhen Metro carried out training for RDMC section managers and station managers by integrating Chinese standards, Shenzhen Metro’s wisdom and Egyptian rail transit operation and maintenance thinking. Their superb professional proficiency and pragmatic approach was highly recognized by RDMC.

2022年1月12日，A5区段送电提前开行压道车

深铁国际团队还在铁路沿线勘察了解工程施工进展情况，熟悉各系统设备，积极履约运营监管合同义务。同时，深入调研中埃两国轨道交通运作模式差异，寻求与RDMC公司融洽的合作方式。这期间，深铁国际主动吸收埃方运作模式精髓，并积极分享中国经营地铁服务城市的理念。2021年3月，《埃及斋月十日城铁路项目动车调试及综合联调服务合同》的签订，标志着深铁国际由单一运营监管服务向工程建设、综合联调、运营监管全过程工程咨询服务转变。

The staff of Shenzhen Metro also surveyed along the railway to learn about the progress of the construction, familiarized themselves with the equipment of each system, and fulfilled their contractual obligations of operation supervision. They conducted in-depth research on the differences in rail transit operation modes between China and Egypt to seek good cooperation with RDMC. During this period, they took the initiative to absorb the essence of Egypt’s operation model, and shared China’s concept of metro serving the city. The Electric Train Commissioning and Comprehensive Joint Commissioning Service Contract of 10th of Ramadan Railway Project in Egypt was signed in March 2021, signaling the transformation of Shenzhen Metro from a single operation supervision service provider to an engineering consulting service provider for the whole process of engineering construction, comprehensive joint commissioning, and operation supervision.

主所受电“不简单”Hard-won power receiving of main substation

2022年1月13日凌晨，开罗晚风阵阵，深铁国际埃及项目团队全体成员焦急地在2#主所等待着成功送电的消息。

In the early hours of January 13, 2022, with breezes blowing in Cairo, the project team members were anxiously waiting at the 2# main substation, looking forward to the successful power delivery of the main substation.

历时近5个小时，经历了主所受电、电力变压器冲击试验、辅助变压器测试、电力变压器切换试验等一系列复杂调试，凌晨4时45分，2#主所成功送电。

At 4:45 a.m., the 2# main substation successfully delivered power after nearly five hours of complex commissioning, including the power receiving, power transformer impact test, auxiliary transformer test, and transformer switching test.

到此，事情还远未结束。鉴于项目业主和监理均要求完成短路试验后才能送电，深铁国际及时调整计划，于1月15日组织召开攻关组联席会议，讨论接触网供电前置条件、主所带电48小时起讫时间、接触网供电步骤和计划时间、接触网供电后的行车与施工安排，并编制短路试验方案。

This, however, was not the end. Since both the project owner and supervisor required completing the short-circuit test before delivering power, Shenzhen Metro adjusted the plan in time. A joint research meeting was held on January 15 to discuss the preconditions for the overhead line power access, the starting and ending times of the 48-hour power supply of main substation, steps and scheduled time of overhead line power access, as well as train operation and construction arrangements after overhead line power access. A short-circuit test plan was also formulated.

列车试运行

经过周密策划，深铁国际先后开展了接触网绝缘试验、两小时短路试验、馈线母线两小时空载、静态高压试验等严格试验，确保了各项试验的顺利进行。主所的成功送电也标志着电客车从此可以自主运行。

Shenzhen Metro made a detailed plan and carried out strict tests such as the overhead line insulation test, 2-hour short-circuit test, 2-hour no-load test of feeder and bus bar, and static high-voltage test, which progressed smoothly. The successful power delivery of the main substation also marked the autonomous operation of the electric train.

而在此之前，为确保主所成功送电，深铁国际早在2021年10月就成立了主所攻关组，协调主所GIS设备、供变电设备安装调试进度，推进土建基础、通风空调、动力照明、给排水及消防工期进展，提高控制电缆敷设效率，重点盯控2#主变电所的土建管道、管沟施工进展，推进站间通信、消防进度……

Before that, in order to ensure the successful power delivery of the main substation, Shenzhen Metro established a research team as early as October 2021. The team members were responsible for coordinating the installation and commissioning progress of GIS equipment as well as power supply and transformation equipment, promoting the progress of civil construction foundation, ventilation and air conditioning, power supply and lighting, water supply and drainage, and fire protection, improving the efficiency of control cable laying, facilitating the construction progress of civil pipelines and ditches of the 2# main substation, and accelerating the progress of inter-station communication and fire protection.

此外，深铁国际还充分利用大数据技术，将影响主所成功送电的不利因素提前消灭：针对影响主变电所投运的交直流屏蓄电池不能及时到货的情况，有预见性地制定替代方案；针对TETRA系统存在切换过慢的问题提出参数优化建议，在不增加额外资源的情况下明显改善了正线上手持台的通话质量。

In addition, Shenzhen Metro also leveraged big data technology to eliminate the unfavorable factors of power delivery of the main substation in advance. For example, the delayed delivery of AC and DC panel batteries that were essential to the operation of the main substation was addressed thanks to the alternative plans made in advance. To resolve the problem of slow switching in the TETRA system, it was suggested to optimize parameters, which significantly improved the call quality of handheld device on the main line without consuming additional resources.

A段接触网冷滑试验

行车组织 稳扎稳打Train operation organization for steady progress

埃及当地时间2022年3月28日14时28分，经过中航国际、中国中铁、深铁集团等参建单位的共同努力，埃铁项目首列轻轨列车由A段阿德利·曼苏尔（Adly Mansour）站始发后，顺利抵达B段终点站新行政首都2站（Arts And Culture City）站台，标志着埃铁项目AB段顺利通车。

At 14:28 on March 28, local time, with the joint efforts of AVIC INTL, China Railway Group, Shenzhen Metro and other participating organizations, the first light rail train of the 10th of Ramadan Railway Project departed from Adly Mansour Station of Section A and arrived at Arts and Culture City Station, the terminus of Section B, marking the official opening of Sections A and B.

埃铁项目包含A、B、C三段，本次AB段通车是继A段轨通、电通、通车之后的又一里程碑。乘坐轻轨列车的埃及交通部长向公众发表了电视讲话，对项目如期实现工期目标给予了充分肯定。

The project consisted of Sections A, B and C. The opening of Sections A and B was another milestone after the track laying of Section A, the power access of the overhead line system, and the opening of Section A. The Egyptian Minister of Transport, who took the light rail train, delivered a televised address to the public, fully affirming the on-schedule opening of Sections A and B.

AB段的如期通车离不开深铁国际无数次的组织调度演练。

It should be credited to the numerous dispatching drills carried out by Shenzhen Metro.

2021年9月，深铁国际成立了联合调度指挥中心，调度团队深入现场调研、多方走访、增章建制、培训宣贯。自2021年10月下旬开始，分阶段组织正线冷滑及限界检查30余列次、热滑30余列次、专列运行18列次、车辆段调车作业700余批次。

In September 2021, Shenzhen Metro established a joint dispatching command center, with the dispatching team conducting in-depth field research, multi-party visits, perfection of regulation system, training and publicity. More than 30 cold-running tests and gauge inspections on the main line, more than 30 hot-running tests, 18 special train runs, and depot shunting trips of over 700 batches had been conducted in stages since late October 2021.

A、B段通车一个月后的4月30日，斋月十日城铁路又完成了一项重大工程节点目标：在A3区段顺利完成了列车逐级提速试验，最高瞬时速度达125km/h。

One month later, another goal was completed on April 30 — the step-by-step speed-up test of the train was successfully completed in the Section A3, with the highest instantaneous speed of 125 km/h.

本次达速试验由深铁国际组织，业主NAT、监理公司、中航国际、中铁二院、中车四方、中铁五局、RDMC等配合参加。达速试验期间，电客车分别以60km/h、80km/h、100km/h、120km/h，四个速度级在EL-Shorouk站至Future站进行了往返试验，一步步稳扎稳打，夯实提速基础，实现120km/h速度试跑，并最终达到125km/h的瞬时速度，刷新了埃及轨道交通的最高时速记录。

This speed test was organized by Shenzhen Metro, and participated by the owner NAT, the supervision company, AVIC INTL, China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., China Railway No.5 Engineering Group Co., Ltd., and RDMC. During the speed test, the electric train ran between EL-Shorouk Station and Future Station at four speed levels of 60 km/h, 80 km/h, 100 km/h and 120 km/h. Step by step, the speed was raised steadily. Finally, the electric train ran at a speed of 120 km/h, with the highest instantaneous speed of 125 km/h, setting the highest speed record of Egypt’s rail transit.

现场勘察

按照项目计划，达速试验后是为期20天的空载试运行，之后便是按时刻表开行载客列车，7月通车试运行。

According to the project plan, the speed test will be followed by a 20-day no-load trial operation and scheduled operation. The entire line is scheduled to open for trial run in July.

埃铁项目是深铁国际“走出去”的重要项目，助力埃及城市轨道交通快速成网，向全球展示了“中国品质”和中国轨道交通实力，是践行“一带一路”倡议的精彩样本。

The 10th of Ramadan Railway Project is an important part of Shenzhen Metro’s “going global” strategy. It expedites the building of Egypt’s urban rail transit network, demonstrates “Chinese quality” and China’s strength in rail transit to the world, and serves as a model for implementing the Belt and Road Initiative.

（作者系深铁国际埃及项目部工程师）

来源：《一带一路报道（中英文）》2022年4期

编辑：李卉嫔

审核：贾琪

校对：雷露

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