英汉语言对比论文怎么写（英汉语言比较及译写技巧）

1、英语写作也有套路英语为形合语言，注重连接词的使用，即句与句、段落与段落、时间的前与后、空间的方位转换、逻辑关系的变换如并列或转折或递进等，均要通过连接词体现出来；，我来为大家讲解一下关于英汉语言对比论文怎么写?跟着小编一起来看一看吧!

英汉语言对比论文怎么写

1、英语写作也有套路。英语为形合语言，注重连接词的使用，即句与句、段落与段落、时间的前与后、空间的方位转换、逻辑关系的变换如并列或转折或递进等，均要通过连接词体现出来；

汉语为意合语言，很多时候只要语意连贯即可，并不一定要连接词。

举例：

As water can float a ship, so can it swallow the ship.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。

Whilethe prospects are bright, the roads have twists and turns.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

The books have closed as thecompany is privately owned.公司是私营的，帐目不能公开。

Asit is rainy, I refuse to go.天下雨，我不去。

Asthe weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.天气很好，我们决定去爬山。

He had to stay at home yesterday becausehe was ill.他昨天病了，只好呆在家里。

表示并列关系的连接词：

First/ above all/ in the firstplace

Second/ then/ next/ furthermore/ moreover/ in addition/ on the otherhand/ Together (with)

Finally/ last (but not the least)

Including but not limited to

表示转折关系的连接词：

However/ nevertheless/ in spite ofsth./ despite of/ despite the many attractive features (advantages)/ despitethe fact that/ A coin has two sides.

表示因果或总结关系的连接词：

Therefore / hence/ thus

As long as只要

As anticipated/ as expected

As a consequence/ as a result/ consequently/ Accordingly

In summary/ in general/ in aword

Allow one/ people to do使干什么

One expects that

Talking about---, there is acontroversy/ debate/ discuss

Talking about---, people differ/vary a lot

Talking about---, people havedifferent/ various opinions.

Talking about---, --- widely/commonly/ generally believed/ accepted.

Of all the advantages/ reasons, themain ones are as follows.

From what have been discussed above,one may come to/ draw/ reach the conclusion that---

As described/ discussed above,

It is high time that we should---

2、英语翻译成汉语时需要增译、减译或转译（包括词性、意义和结构上的转译）。

He wanted to learn, to know andteach.他需要学习知识，掌握知识，传授知识。

Subject is to sovereign/ruler/emperorwhat water is to ship.民跟君的关系犹如水跟船的关系。

Gathering facts, confirming them,suggesting the theories, testing them, and organizing finding—this isall the work of science.收集、验证数据，提出并检验假设，再进行归纳—这就是科研的全部内容。

Politicians and diapers have onething in common. They should both be changed regularly, and for the same reason。政客和纸尿布有一个共同点就是：他们都很有规律地被替换，而且因为同一个理由——脏了！！

She is the best singer in my class.她是我们班歌唱得最好的。

He is a heavy smoker.他烟抽得很凶。（不构成职业的名词通常转译成动词）

Heat is a form of energy, intowhich all other forms of energy can be changed.热是能的一种形式，其它一切形式的能都能改变成热能。

有理走遍天下，无理寸步难行。Ifyou are in the right, you can travel anywhere in the world; if you are in thewrong, you cannot move an inch.

德、智、体全面发展goodmorality, sound health and perfect knowledge

The lightness and cheapness of thissubstance recommended it for architecture decoration. 由于这种材料质轻价廉，常用于建筑装潢。

Work is a source of happiness.工作给人带来幸福。

Misunderstandings are often theproducts of language barriers.语言障碍带来误会。

My memory is fading. 我的记忆不行了/退化了。

As economy is declining, jobs available to the laid-offworkers continue to be scarce.由于经济衰退，适合下岗工人的工作越来越少了。

Nancy was a fixture atManchester United games in her school days.南希在学生时代就是曼联队比赛时场场必到的观众/忠实拥趸。

They were utterly in the dark about their populationand natural resources, when the job begins, much of the territory has not beenexplored because of racial conflicts. 他们对该地区的人口和自然资源一无所知，当工作开始时，因为种族冲突，大部分的勘查工作还没开始。句中explored的宾语是populationand natural resources。

Gluts of houses remain unsold. Glut过度供给，充斥

China has a glut of houses which remain unsold.中国有很多房子卖不出去。

House buyers have fallen significantly.买房者越来越少。

High on the list for purchase is 投资者购买的首选目标是

The last thing I want to do is hurtyou. But it’s still on the list。在这个世界上，我最不愿意做的事就是伤害你，但是这件事仍在我的考虑之列。我真不想伤害你，但你也别逼我。

They are all on the take.他们都受贿了。Takebribes受贿

This is not to my taste.这个我不喜欢。

She is on the needle.她在打针/她吸毒。要看上下文意思翻译！

He is against / for the plan.他反对/赞成该计划。

Computer absorbs routine tasks.计算机承担了日常工作。

One’s competence doesn’t necessarily match his performance.能力强不一定工作出色。

War does not determine who is right – only who is left。战争不能决出正义，但能判出胜负。

3、汉语重复一是结构重复，即排比；二是内容重复，即强调。

英语一般不重复，因而汉语的重复结构翻译成英语时通常有三种变通办法：一是用同义词；二是省略；三是用代词。

例：一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局（总体利益），一个地球有一个地球的全局。Alocality has its own overall interest, a nation another, and the earth yetanother.

中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命。Chinesepeople have already been courageous to probe into things, to make invention,and to propose revolution.

责任制度条件成熟了就可以执行，条件不成熟就不要执行。Thesystem of job responsibility can be adopted when the conditions are ripe, andnot otherwise.

我找到了就给你。Iwill give it to you once I find it.

我们的改革有两个，一个是对内改革，一个是对外改革。Ourreform will be carried out in two aspects, namely internally and externally.

我们确定搞两个开放，一个是对内开放，一个是对外开放。Wehave decided on an open policy in two respects, namely to open up bothinternally and externally.

男子汉应该有男子汉的风度。Aman has his suavity of style.

我们有充分理由和那些国家改善关系，也的确想和他们改善关系。Wehave every reason to wish for better relations with those states. And we dosincerely want them.

翻译修改示例：

1）利用缓冲溶液法制备出β相纳米氢氧化镍。研究了PH值及表面活性剂用量对样品的颗粒度与堆积密度的影响。

原译文：The β-Ni(OH)2was prepared bythe method of relax solution, research the effect by PH valuesand the dosage of surfactant.

分析：句法结构不对称，不美；前后时态不一致；用词错误。

修改：The β-Ni(OH)2was prepared bythe method of buffer solution and the influence of pHand surfactant amount on the particle size and stacking density wasinvestigated.

2）以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI-80）、PPG1080、BDO等为主要原料合成了聚氨酯树脂，研究了影响PU合成、稳定性及漆膜性能的各种因素。

原译：As the main raw materials, TDI-80, PPG1080,BDO were used to synthesize polyurethane. Various effects on the synthesis,stability of PU and the performance of the coating film were studied.

修改：polyurethane was prepared with TDI-80,PPG1080 and BDO as key materials, the factors affecting the synthesis andstability of PU, as well as the coating performance were investigated.

将NaOH加入到HCl溶液中会放出热量，表明两者发生了化学反应。

译：Heat release by addition of NaOH into HClsolution shows/ reveals/ indicates/ suggests reaction occurred between thesetwo substances/ compounds.

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