介词加连词引导的定语从句（关系代词引导的定语从句）

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介词加连词引导的定语从句

知识点名：由介词 关系代词引导的定语从句

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由“介词 关系代词”引导的定语从句

1. “介词 关系代词”的常见结构：

(1) “介词 which/whom”。例如：

Fortunately ，we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如果没有的话，我们就会迷路了。

This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。

(2) “名词 of which/whom”。例如：

Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.请把封面是蓝色的书递给我。

This is Tom Sawyer, the name of whom is known to everybody here.这位就是Tom Sawyer，他的大名在此地众所周知。

(3) “数词 of which/whom”。例如：

She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.她有三支幸运笔，其中两支从未用过。

In our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women.我校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十是女教师。

(4) “代词 of which/whom”。例如：

In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.我发现篮子里有许多苹果，有些已经坏了。

There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。

(5) “最高级 of which/whom”。例如：

China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。

The boys, the tallest of whom could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on.那些男孩当中个子最高的人也够不到架子，于是他们去找了东西垫脚。

2. 关系代词前介词的选择：

在“介词 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。例如：

(1) 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。例如：

The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.他们引以为豪的两样东西是Jim的手表和Della的头发。（feel proud of是固定搭配词组）

(2) 根据与前面先行词的搭配关系选择。例如：

I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on)

(3) 有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。例如：

Galileo made a telescope through which he could study the sky.Galileo制作了一个望远镜，通过它得以研究天空。(study the sky through the telescope)

(4) 根据所要表达的意思来确定。例如：

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。

3. “介词 关系代词”的可替换性

(1) 介词in，on，at，for等与关系代词which一起引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词when，where，why等替换。例如：

America is the country in which (=where) George Washington was born.美国是George Washington出生的国家。

I have forgotten the exact date on which (=when) this small country became independent.我已经忘记这个小国家独立的确切日期了。

The reason for which (=why) he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to.他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没有收到他们的邀请。

(2) “名词 of 关系代词”引导定语从句时，可与相关的“whose 名词”替换。例如：

I will talk to those students, the homework of whom (=whose homework) hasn't been done.我要和没完成作业的学生谈话。

She lives in the house the windows of which (=whose windows) face to the east.她住在一座窗户朝东的房子里。

注意：

当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。例如：

He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.他是我们班英语口语好的男生之一。（该句的先行词为the boys）

He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是我们班唯一一个英语口语好的男生。（该句的先行词为the only one）

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