美国颁布的教育法令是什么(美国教科书审查制度的)

背景知识

今年4月下旬,佛罗里达州教育部表示,在132本拟用于公立学校的数学教科书中,有42本被“毙”了,原因是它们包含了敏感话题和未经政府要求的策略,包括社会情感学习和批判性种族理论。佛州在周五下午宣布它的决定,但没有分享它所反对的具体内容的信息,有几家出版商告诉《纽约时报》,他们还没有收到州政府的解释。但佛罗里达州有一项新的法律于7月生效,它限制了性取向、性别认同和社会情感技能这些内容的教学方式。州长Ron DeSantis也有望签署被称为“Stop W.O.K.E Act”的立法,Woke在英文中的意思是对种族偏见和歧视的警惕,该立法可能导致令学生不适的教学。

美国颁布的教育法令是什么(美国教科书审查制度的)(1)

正文阅读

‘Rapid acceleration’ in US school book censorship leads to 2,500 bans in a year

美国教科书审查制度的“快速加速”导致每年有2500部教科书被禁

There is a “rapid acceleration” of book censorship occurring across the US, with more than 2,500 different book bans taking place over the past school year, a new report has found. A total of 1,648 individual book titles, many of them that mention issues relating to race or sexuality, were the subject of bans by school districts in 32 states in the last school year, according to the new analysis.

一份新报告发现,美国各地的图书审查正在“迅速加速”,在过去的一学年,美国颁布了超过2500项不同的图书禁令。根据这项新的分析,在上个学年,美国32个州的学区总共禁止了1648种书名,其中许多涉及种族或性取向问题。

More than 5,000 schools nationally have had books barred from access by students in libraries and classrooms, according to the report compiled by Pen America, a non-profit that supports freedom of expression in literature. There has been a “proliferation of organized efforts to advocate for book removals”, the report states, from rightwing politicians in states such as Texas, Georgia and Wisconsin to at least 50 groups that have sprung up either in-person or on Facebook.

根据支持文学表达自由的非营利组织“美国笔会”编制的这份报告,全美有5000多所学校的图书馆和教室禁止学生阅读某些书籍。报告称,“从得克萨斯、乔治亚和威斯康辛等州的右翼政客,到至少50名个人或在Facebook上涌现的团体,倡导禁止图书的有组织行动正在激增”。

Many of the books have been banned for simply featuring people who identify as LGBTQ , with a third of all book bans from April to June including people with such identities, often under a spurious justification that the titles are “obscene”. Race and discussion of America’s racist past is also a target of book bans, with 40% of titles banned featuring prominent characters of color. “While we think of book bans as the work of individual concerned citizens, our report demonstrates that today’s wave of bans represents a coordinated campaign to banish books being waged by sophisticated, ideological and well-resourced advocacy organizations,” said Suzanne Nossel, chief executive officer of Pen America.

许多书被禁的原因仅仅是描述了性少数人群,从4月到6月,三分之一的禁书包括了这种身份的人,被禁时通常以标题“淫秽”为借口。种族和对美国种族主义历史的讨论也是禁书的目标,40%的禁书以有色人种为主角。美国笔会的首席执行官苏珊娜·诺塞尔说:“虽然我们认为图书禁令是个人关切公民的工作,但我们的报告表明,今天的禁令浪潮代表着一场由经验丰富、意识形态和资源丰富的倡导组织发起的、协调一致的禁书运动。”

今日单词

  • acceleration /əkˌseləˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n.加速;加快;
  • censorship /ˈsensərʃɪp/ n.审查;检查;审查制度;
  • lead to 导致;
  • over /ˈoʊvər/ prep.在…期间;
  • a total of 总共;
  • subject /ˈsʌbdʒekt/ n.对象;
  • nationally /ˈnæʃnəli/ adv.全国性地;与某国相关地;
  • bar…from… 禁止,阻止(某人做某事);
  • compile /kəmˈpaɪl/ vt.编写(书、列表、报告等);编纂;
  • proliferation /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/ n.激增;涌现;增殖;大量的事物;
  • advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ vt.拥护;支持;提倡;
  • spring up 速出现;突然兴起;
  • either…or… 不是……就是……;
  • LGBTQ abbr.性少数(Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer);
  • spurious /ˈspjʊriəs/ adj.站不住脚的,谬误的;虚假的,伪造的;
  • obscene /əbˈsiːn/ adj.淫秽的;猥亵的;下流的;
  • prominent /ˈprɑːmɪnənt/ adj.重要的;著名的;杰出的;
  • coordinate /koʊˈɔːrdɪneɪt/ vt.使协调;使相配合;
  • banish /ˈbænɪʃ/ vt.放逐;流放;把(某人)驱逐出境;
  • wage /weɪdʒ/ vt.开始,发动,进行,继续(战争、战斗等);
  • sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ adj.见多识广的;老练的;见过世面的;

素材来源

文本选自:The Guardian(卫报)

作者:Oliver Milman

原文发布时间:20 Sept. 2022

每日美句

Those that make the best use of their time have none to spare.

充分利用时间的人不会有余暇。

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