生产计划（物料需求计划）

MRP

物料需求计划

— Overview —

1

物料需求计划是20世纪60年代发展起来的一种计算物料需求量和需求时间的系统。所谓“物料”，泛指原材料、在制品、外购件以及产品。最初，它只是一种需求计算器，是开环，没有信息反馈，也谈不上控制。后来。从供应商和成产现场取得了信息反馈，形成闭环MRP系统，这时的MRP才成为生产计划与控制系统。

Material requirement planning is a system that was developed in the 1960s to calculate material requirements and required time. The so-called "materials" generally refer to raw materials, work in progress, purchased parts and products. Initially, it was just a demand calculator, it was open loop, there was no information feedback, and there was no control. later. Information feedback is obtained from suppliers and production sites to form a closed-loop MRP system. At this time, MRP becomes a production planning and control system.

MRP的基本思想

— The basic idea of MRP —

2

MRP的基本思想是，围绕物料转化组织制造资源，实现按需准时生产。对加工装配式生产来说，如果确定了产品出产数量和出产时间，就可按产品的结构确定产品的所有零件和部件的数量，并可按各种零件和部件的生产周期，反推出它们的出产时间和投入时间。物料在转化的过程中，需要不同的制造资源，有了各种物料的投入出产时间和数量，就可以确定对于这些制造资源的需要数量和需要时间。这样就可以围绕物料的转化过程来组织制造资源，实现按需准时生产。

The basic idea of MRP is to organize manufacturing resources around material conversion to achieve on-demand production on time. For processing and assembly production, if the production quantity and production time of the product are determined, the quantity of all parts and components of the product can be determined according to the structure of the product, and the production cycle of various parts and components can be reversed. Production time and investment time. In the process of material transformation, different manufacturing resources are required. With the input and production time and quantity of various materials, the required quantity and required time for these manufacturing resources can be determined. In this way, manufacturing resources can be organized around the transformation process of materials, and on-demand production can be realized.

应用MRP的目的

— Purpose of applying MRP —

3

MRP的基本目的是使生产过程的各个环节能够互相衔接，让生产过程保持连续性。而要保持生产过程的连续性，生产阶段之间、各道工序之间既不能有在制品的积压，又不能因在制品供应不上而中断生产。当上游产生阶段或工序供不应求时，下游生产阶段或工序就会出现零件积压，造成库存。

为了控制库存，MRP可以提供零件部件投入出产计划和外购件需求计划，保证在正确的时间、按照正确的数量生产与采购需要的零部件和原材料。为了保持生产过程的持续性，需要生产能力作为保证，MRP能够提供准确的能力需求计划。对于紧缺件和特急件的加工，MRP系统能够提供零部件优先权方面的信息，使生产调度有序地进行。

The basic purpose of MRP is to enable the various links of the production process to be connected to each other and to maintain the continuity of the production process. In order to maintain the continuity of the production process, there must be neither a backlog of work-in-progress between production stages and various processes, nor can production be interrupted due to insufficient supply of work-in-progress. When the upstream production stage or process is in short supply, there will be a backlog of parts in the downstream production stage or process, resulting in inventory.

In order to control inventory, MRP can provide parts and components input production plan and purchased parts demand plan to ensure that the required parts and raw materials are produced and purchased at the right time and in the right quantity. In order to maintain the continuity of the production process, production capacity is required as a guarantee, and MRP can provide accurate capacity demand planning. For the processing of scarce parts and urgent parts, the MRP system can provide information on the priority of parts and components, so that production scheduling can be carried out in an orderly manner.

参考资料：《生产运作管理》

英文翻译：Google翻译

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