中考英语完形填空的解题方法（完形填空题型快速得分方法）

如果说“得阅读者得天下”，那么顺利攻下初中完形填空就是打下大半壁江山了。完形填空是全国各地中考的必考题型，有些地区考查数量是20个小题，分为两篇文章；而有些地区的考查数量是15个小题，在一篇文章中进行。我们来看看2022湖北武汉的中考真题。

2022·湖北武汉

完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A, B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The December day started like any other. Papa came back with his boat full of fish. Mama made breakfast for the family. Seven-year-old Joonas was doing his homework, while his two little brothers ran around the yard. That day seemed peaceful, but Alejo 41 better.

Alejo felt shaking in his legs, and his ears perked up (竖着), listening for what had already 42 Alejo made a crying sound, and Mama said, “Sh!” Alejo barked (吠), and Joonas complained, “Quiet, I’m trying to 43 ”.

Suddenly, a strange roaring (轰鸣) sound began. Papa ran to a nearby building’s roof (屋顶) to 44 what was happening. But Alejo knew better. The shaking of the ground 45 up his padded paws (肉掌). He wanted to run, but he didn’t dare to leave his family.

“Why were they 46 ? Didn’t they know that a great earthquake had roared under the ocean and would soon bring strong waves onto the land?” Alejo thought.

And then Papa shouted with 47 from the rooftop, “Tsunami(海啸)! Run!”

Mama cried, “Sons, come on! She grabbed (抓) a little one under each arm. “Joonas, run! You’re fast and strong. Follow me up the 48 . Fast!”

But the roar had gotten louder, 49 her words. All that Joonas had heard was, “Run!” And he ran back home where he thought he would be 50 . Alejo barked and barked, but the tsunami made it 51 to hear his voice, too.

Alejo gently bit (咬) Joonas’s feet, but the boy wouldn’t move. “ 52 ,” Joonas pushed the dog away, but Alejo would not give up. He grabbed Joonas’s shirt in his 53 . He pulled and pulled until his mouth broke. With all his strength, he pulled Joonas back outside and hit him from behind. Finally, the boy 54 .

Alejo ran toward the hill, looking back to make sure Joonas was following. They raced uphill as the huge wall of 55 ran after them. Alejo and Joonas didn’t stop running until they reached higher up the hill and met their family. And they had a mother-father-brothers-dog thankful hug.

41. A. knew B. grew C. felt D. became

42. A. returned B. moved C. started D. stopped

43. A. sleep B. speak C. think D. listen

44. A. deal with B. find out C. worry about D.look through

45. A. held B. pushed C. woke D. traveled

46. A. cooking B. waiting C. playing D. complaining

47. A. pain B. anger C. pity D. fear

48. A. hill B. roof C. boat D. land

49. A. passing on B. cutting off C. breaking down D. leaving out

50. A. warm B. brave C. safe D. free

51. A. hard B. possible C. late D. clear

52. A. Run B. Go C. Come D. Look

53. A. feet B. paws C. teeth D. legs

54. A. refused B. understood C. promised D. escaped

55. A. wood B. sand C. stone D. water

今天我们就以2022年武汉中考真题为例，来给大家分析完形填空的解题方式。我们主要从以下三个方面来讨论。

一. 做题前

做题之前，需要考生带着空格通读文章，了解文章大意。此时，不必纠结遇到的生词或被空格所困扰。一篇300词左右的文章，挖掉15个空格，还剩下285个单词，这些已给的单词完全能够帮助我们完成对文章主旨的理解。

此外，在浏览文章的过程中，要重点关注整篇文章和每一段落的主题句，这些句子能帮助我们理清文章思路，建立一个完整的架构。

不仅如此，在浏览文章的过程中，还要自主地利用上下文去推测这些空格应该填入什么意思的单词，有把握的可以先把大概的单词写在横线上。这样的话，在进行下一步的时候会事半功倍。

二. 做题中

这一步简单直接，就是分析选项，做出选择。但是这一步涉及到完形填空的诸多重点，比如词语的搭配、近义词辨析和语法等。观察武汉市的中考题，不难发现，选项最常考的单词包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等。

此外，还要掌握完形填空的设题方式及解题技巧，常见的有前置性设空、后置性设空、句子间设空和语篇设空这四类。

前置性设空指的是答案出现在空格的前面。这种类型的设空需要大家在浏览文章时抓取相应的关键词，分析前后句之间的联系。比如，2022年武汉中考题中的第51小题：Alejo barked and barked, but the tsunami made it 51 to hear his voice, too. 先分析句子，空格前面是made it这个结构，显然空格后面需要填入形容词。前面的But the roar had gotten louder, cutting off her words这句话说明海啸的声音太大了，导致想要听见他的话就变得很“困难”。所以，应该选择A选项。

了解了前置性设空的含义，后置性设空就好理解了——答案设置在空格的后面。这类设题方式是最常见的。比如，这套题中的第41小题：That day seemed peaceful, but Alejo 41 better.这句话出现在第一段最后一句，空格前面找不到答案，那我们只能从空格后面的内容下手。看到第三段中这句话：But Alejo knew better. Alejo和better是两个句子共同的内容，显然空格处应该选knew。

句子间设空的意思是答案需要通过分析这个句子的结构或习惯搭配。比如第45小题：The shaking of the ground 45 up his padded paws (肉掌)，分析选项，能与up搭配的有A，B，C三个选项，结合语义，只能选择push。意思是：地面的震动推动着它的肉掌。

同理，语篇性设空就是需要通过分析整篇文章，才能得出答案。

但是，做题的时候要保持脑子清醒，并不是一篇完形只能用一种方法得出答案，而是多种方法相结合，比如排除法、择优法等等。

三. 做题后

做完题目之后，不要立即去做下一个题。而是要静下心来，认真地带着所选的单词把文章再读一遍。在读文章的过程中，检查文章句意是否通顺；如果发现错误，立即改正；如果在做题时有个别题目没做出来，要在这一遍再仔细联系上下文，分析文章主旨和句子结构。但是不宜花费过长的时间纠结某个选项，如果实在是没有头绪，就果断放弃，继续下面的题目。