博物馆镇国之宝有哪些 省博四大镇馆之宝

12月10日晚，《国家宝藏》播出第二期

——湖北省博物馆

“大湖之北，绝艳江城，楚文化独领风骚数百年”

馆长方勤推荐了湖北省博物馆的三件重量级馆藏

让我们再重温一下它们的盛世美颜

被誉为天下第一剑的越王勾践剑 ↓↓

奏响华夏正音的曾侯乙编钟 ↓↓

1155枚还原大秦文明的云梦睡虎地秦简 ↓↓

节目一播出，网友们都开始为这三件国宝疯狂打call，无数迷弟迷妹默默献上自己的膝盖(✧◡✧)

咱们省博也随着彻底火了一把。

火到什么程度呢？

讲解员们表示每天讲到嗓子冒烟

放在展厅门口的介绍小册子也全部被一扫而空

连很多平时根本就不会主动去博物馆

或者去了博物馆也只是两眼放空的吃瓜群众

都开始研究中华历史和国宝了

不得不说是一件令人高兴的大好事！

这不，马上就要元旦小长假了

你们是不是已经将参观省博列在出行计划中了呢

那么到底怎么看展

看些什么

才不显得自己两眼蒙圈是、在、看、热、闹！

才显得自己有格调有才华有底蕴呢

小编在这里送上一份秘密武器

看完让你瞬间文化加持

元旦笑傲国内外朋友圈

你就说你需要不需要吧23333~~~

一、湖北省博物馆简介

首先，让我们来一起了解一下湖北省博物馆

别的不说，出现在《国家宝藏》第二期

仅排在故宫博物院（当之无愧的No. 1）的后面

咱们省博的地位和重要性可见一斑

湖北省博物馆于1953年筹建，1963年１月定为现名，是湖北省文物及标本的主要收藏、宣传和研究机构，馆名为董必武同志题写。建筑物均为高台阶、宽屋檐、“覆斗”式大坡面屋顶的楚建筑风格。

再瞅瞅这些数字：

中央与地方共建的八家国家级博物馆之一

国家一级博物馆

国家5A级旅游景区

拥有中国规模最大的古乐器陈列馆

馆藏文物达24万余件

国家一级文物近千件

发掘成果有7项入选20世纪百大考古新发现

有6项入选全国十大考古新发现

哟吼~原来你是这么厉害的省博啊，果断转脑残粉！！

二、重量级馆藏

省博有二(kan)十(re)几(nao)万(bu)的(xian)馆(shi)藏(da)

到底要看些啥子呢？

广撒网、重点捕捞!

首推四大镇馆之宝、

十六大国宝级文物

让你一次把精华get到

看展之前先科普一下：1.镇馆之宝和国宝的评价体系不一样（镇馆之宝由博物馆自己从观赏、价值等角度自行评定；国宝是国家一级甲等文物，要经过国家文物鉴定委员会统一鉴定，但由于全国性的文物定级工作只有1964年和1989年两次，之后偶有零星的鉴定，这造成一些价值很高的文物没有国宝头衔）；2.越王勾践剑和曾侯乙编钟既是镇馆之宝又同为国宝级文物 （所以四大镇馆之宝和十六大国宝一共指的是18件文物哦~）3. 下面的这些宝贝并不会同时展出，小伙伴们去省博的时候可能只会看到其中的一部分，所以这些精心挑选的文字和图片且看且珍惜咯~~

再分享给大家一个看展小技巧：文物上有编号的就是原件，没有的就是复制品（编号一般在不显眼的地方，像越王勾践剑的数字标号就在扁圆形的剑柄顶端，不注意就忽略了）。

好了，只能帮你们到这里了，下面进入正题：

01

四大镇馆之宝

讲解：战国早期。1978年湖北随县曾侯乙墓出土。钟架长748厘米，高265厘米。全套编钟共六十五件，分三层八组悬挂在呈曲尺形的铜木结构钟架上，最大钟通高152.3厘米，重203.6公斤。每件钟均能奏出呈三度音阶的双音，全套钟十二个半音齐备，可以旋宫转调。音列是现今通行的C大调，能演奏五声、六声或七声音阶乐曲。曾侯乙编钟的出土改写了世界音乐史。

Early Warring States. Unearthed from the Tomb of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State in Hubei Suixian County in 1978. Length: 784cm, Height: 265cm. Set on a curving shaped Copper–and-wood frame, the whole 65 pieces of chime bells is arranged in eight groups and three layers, the biggest of which is as high as 152.3 cm and as heavy as 203.6 kg. The discovery of the chime bell set has rewritten the history of world music.

讲解：春秋晚期。1965年湖北江陵望山1号墓出土。长55.7厘米，宽4.6厘米。剑身中脊起棱，饰黑色菱形花纹。正面近格处有“越王勾践，自作用剑”的鸟篆铭文。剑格正面嵌蓝色琉璃，背面绿松石。

Late Spring and Autumn Period. Unearthed from Jiangling Wangshan No. 1 Tomb in Hubei in 1965. Length: 55.7cm, Width: 4.6cm. The blade of the sword is ribbed and decorated with black diamond pattern. Close to the hilt is the bird seal inscriptions -- Sword of Goujian, King of Yue. The front side of the blade is set with blue glaze while the reverse side is set with turquoise.

讲解： 湖北鄂西一带是古人类化石的重要发现地。1989年和1990年，湖北省文物考古研究所先后在郧县发现了两具人类头骨化石，科学测定约为距今100万年的直立人。

Western Hubei is one of the important areas of the ancient human fossil discovery. In 1989 and 1990, the Hubei institute of Cultural Relics has discovered in Yunxian county two human skull fossils, which are determined as homo erectus of about 1 million years ago.

讲解：元代。2006年钟祥市郢靖王墓出土。高38.7厘米，口径6.4厘米，底径13厘米。梅瓶腹部分别绘王羲之爱兰图、陶渊明爱菊图、周敦颐爱莲图及林和靖爱梅、鹤图。

Yuan Dynasty. Unearthed from King Yingjing's Tomb in Chongxiang city in 2006. Height: 38.7cm, Surface diameter: 6.4cm, Bottom diameter: 13cm. The stories of four ancients and their favorites are painted on the belly of the vase, which are respectively Wang Xizhi loves the orchid, Tao Yuanming loves the chrysanthemum, Zhou Dunyi loves the lotus and Lin Jing loves plum blossom and the crane.

02

十六大国宝级文物

这些国宝分别是：编钟、编磬、联禁铜壶、大尊缶、铜鹿角立鹤、铜鉴缶、尊盘、十六节龙型玉饰、云纹金盏和漏匕、饕餮纹铜鼓、越王勾践剑、大玉戈、错金银龙凤铁带钩、彩漆凤鹿木雕座屏、漆奁画、云梦秦简。其中九个出土于随州曾侯乙墓，三个出土于荆州。（编钟和越王勾践剑就不重复了）

讲解：曾侯乙尊盘，战国早期。中国首批禁止出国（境）展览文物。1978年在湖北随州市擂鼓墩曾侯乙墓中出土。尊高33.1厘米，口宽62厘米，盘高24厘米，宽57.6厘米，深12厘米。尊是盛酒器，盘一般作水器用，二者合为一器，尊内盛掺有香草汁的酒，祭祀时酌以献尸，宾礼时酌以饮客。整套器物纹饰繁缛，穷极富丽，其精巧达到先秦青铜器的极点。

The Warring States Period (475-221 BC), unearthed from the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in 1978. The zun is a wine vessel, and the matching pan is a water container. The wine vessel is put on the pan for cooling or heating wine. They are decorated with design of eighty-four dragons (twenty-eight on zun and fifty-six on pan) and eighty interlaced hydras (thirty-two on zun and forty-eight on pan). They are the most complicated and most beautiful among all pre-Qin bronze ritual vessels.

讲解：战国早期著名铜器。1978年湖北随县曾侯乙墓出土。通高142厘米，重38.4公斤。立鹤引颈昂首伫立，双翅作轻拍状，两腿粗壮有力，形态健美。鹤和鹿是长寿和吉祥的象征。把鹿角插入鹤头，将二者置于一身，可称之为“瑞鹤”。古人把仙人乘车叫“鹤驭”、“鹤驾”。此器出于墓主人棺侧，可能反映了死者成仙升天的思想。

This is an imaginary auspicious creature, with crane’s body and deer’s antlers. In ancient China the crane and the deer were regarded as divine and auspicious creatures capable to communicate between man, ghost and god. This sculpture, placed east of the main coffin in the eastern chamber, might be meant to show his soul the way to Heaven or to pray for protection by gods.

讲解：曾侯乙编磬是中国古代一种打击乐器。由石磬编悬于架上，可击奏旋律。常与编钟相配，合奏“金石之声”。1978年在湖北省随县曾侯乙墓出土。通高109厘米、宽215厘米。青铜错金磬架，由一对圆雕怪兽及其头上插附的立柱为虡，两根圆杆作横梁，呈单面双层结构。兽顶插附的立柱从腰、顶两处与横梁榫接。横梁底等距焊铸铜环，以串钩挂磬。磬架施线条流畅的错金云纹。

The bianqing, or a set of stone chimes, is a percussion instrument with fixed pitches. The thirty-two stone chimes, made of limestone or marble, hang from horizontal beams in two groups, and can produce crisp and bright tones. They are tuned one semitone lower than the bianzhong (bronze bells). Bianqing was an important ritual instrument. It was usually played together with chime bells to produce what was called 'metal-and-stone music'.

讲解：曾侯乙云纹金盏是战国时期曾侯乙墓陪葬器。此盏是仿铜的金制容器，反映了墓主人曾侯乙作为曾国国君的特殊身份。金盏通高11厘米，口径15．1厘米，共重2156克，是目前我国发现的先秦金器中最大最重的。金盏有三个凤首形矮足，腹上部有两个对称的环耳，盖顶有一个圆形捉手。盏内放置金漏匕一件，长13厘米，重56.45克。

This bowl is a piece of tableware. It has a lid and contains a spoon. It is decorated with patterns of interlaced hydras, twisted cords, thunder and whirling clouds. The gold spoon may serve as a strainer, with one end with openwork dragon design. The bowl, weighing 2,156 grams, is the heaviest pre-Qin gold ware discovered. The strainer weighs 56.4544 grams.

讲解：此展品为东周（战国早期）文物。长48厘米，宽8.3厘米，厚0.5厘米。这件玉挂饰由16节玉器组成，采用分雕连接成型工艺，将5块玉料分别对剖，切而不断，将连接处小心磨成活动的圆环，再用3个活环及1根玉销钉把玉料连接成一条卷折自如的大龙，堪称鬼斧神工。1978年出土于湖北省随州市擂鼓墩1号墓。

This is a national treasure. It measures forty-eight centimeters long. Carved out of five blocks of raw jade, it is divided into sixteen flexible parts, connected by one jade rings and one jade pin. By adopting openwork, in-relief, or intaglio techniques, it is adorned with thirty-seven dragons, seven phoenixes and ten snakes, decorated with patterns of grains, clouds and slanting lines. It was found next to the owner's head. It might be used as a hat ribbon.

讲解： 高75.5厘米，长49厘米。商代的青铜鼓仅有两具遗存，这件饕餮纹铜鼓便是其中之一。它形似横置的桶形，上宽下窄，两侧鼓面平素无纹。鼓身上有枕形钮，下有圈足底座，以便悬吊、安放。鼓身满饰云雷纹构成的饕餮纹，其外环简化成斜角形的夔纹。两端边缘饰乳丁三列，象征蒙鼓皮所用之钉。此鼓纹样繁而不乱，简而生神，大有凝重浑厚之气。

The bronze drum with Taotie (a mythical ferocious animal) patterns, a bronze ware made in the Shang Dynasty is one of the only two bronze drums made in the Shang Dynasty that still exist in the world.The drum is 75.5 cm high and 49 cm in diameter. It consists of three parts, namely, the crown, the body and the legs. As a balanced structure, it is in the shape of a barrel laid flatways, with the upper part broader than the lower part.

讲解：1978年湖北随州擂鼓墩战国早期1号墓出土，通高61.5厘米、边长62厘米，重170公斤。同时出土两件，造型、纹饰、大小均同。此器结构复杂，造型奇特，工艺精湛，是一件具有特殊用途的大型酒具，被誉为我国最早的“冰箱”，也是最早的“烤箱”。两件文物现分别藏于湖北省博物馆和中国国家博物馆。

The Bronze Jian (utensil containing ice) is considered the earliest and most primitive green "refrigerator" ever found in the world by far. It is a representative of the bronze vessels in the tomb of Marquis Yi as it gives a full expression of the novel, unique and delicate features of the bronze vessels.

讲解：重327.5千克， 1978年湖北省随县曾侯乙墓出土。尊缶为古代盛酒器，其造型起源与古代陶缶。这件大缶，是目前所知我国先秦酒器中最大、最重的一件。它不但拥有足以傲视同类的巨大体型，而且在纹饰上也极尽精美，器表由细密复杂的涡纹、重环纹、蟠螭纹、綯纹、雷纹、蕉叶纹、带纹、蟠蛇纹等构成，赋予它“酒器之王”的尊号并不为过。大尊缶出土时，里面还残留着历经几千年的酒液，可见缶的密封性之好。

These are the largest bronze wine vessel ever discovered by archeologists. Both have inscriptions saying 'commissioned by Marquis Yi of Zeng' on their shoulders. The one shown here measures 126 centimeters in height and 100 centimeters in maximum abdominal diameter, and 327.5 kilograms in weight.

讲解：漆奁画，1987年湖北省荆门包山2号墓出土。通长87.4、宽5.2厘米。画面用土黄、桔红、海蓝、棕四色漆，绘人物26个。骖车、骈车各两乘，大雁9只，狗2只，猪1头，树5棵，构成一幅聘礼行迎图。

It was used as a dressing container at the Warring States Period (475-221BC), unearthed from Tomb 2 at Baoshan, Jingmen in 1986, with a length of 87.4 cm and width of 5.2 cm. On the cover, there was some drawings, a kind of road map, which was the most complete of its kind ever unearthed in the Warring States Period.

讲解：睡虎地秦墓竹简，又称睡虎地秦简、云梦秦简，是指1975年12月在湖北省云梦县睡虎地秦墓中出土的大量竹简，这些竹简长23.1～27.8厘米，宽0.5～0.8厘米，内文为墨书秦篆，写于战国晚期及秦始皇时期，反映了篆书向隶书转变阶段的情况，其内容主要是秦朝时的法律制度、行政文书、医学著作以及关于吉凶时日的占书，为研究中国书法、秦帝国的政治、法律、经济、文化、医学、等方面的发展历史提供了详实的资料，具有十分重要的学术价值。

In 1975 over 1,000 bamboo slips came to light at Shuihudi in Yunmeng, Hubei Province. They brought us the laws of the Qin. This discovery, which attracted much attention at the time, afforded important clues not only to the history of the State of Qin (897-221 BC) towards the end of the Warring States Period but also to the legal system of the Qin Dynasty which followed on from it. Apart from the chronicle and Book of Sun, the bamboo slips are all about the Qin politics and legal systems which are of great value to the research of Chinese politics and law history.

讲解：1965年在湖北江陵望山1号墓出土。所谓“带钩”，通俗说法就是今人所用的皮带扣之类的物件，原本是古人用于腰间革带的“皮带扣”，一般不过10厘米左右，而实用的墓葬带钩一般都出现在死者的腰部，但令人惊奇的是，这件迄今为止发现的最大的先秦时代的一件“错金银龙凤铁带钩”，却出现在死者头部。该带钩弧长46.2厘米，宽6.5厘米，钩为龙首形，运用金片、金丝嵌出眼、耳、鼻、嘴，正面用金丝镶边，框内用金片、金丝、银片嵌出一龙四鸟和一龙一凤三鸟两组图案。

The Warring States Period(475-221BC); unearthed from Tomb 1 in Wangshan, Jiangling in 1965; length: 46.2cm, width: 6.5cm, thickness: 0.5cm

讲解：曾侯乙联禁铜壶是1978年出土于湖北随州的曾侯乙墓中众多古器中的一件。左壶通高99厘米、口径33.8厘米、盖罩径53厘米、底径40.6厘米，重106公斤；右壶通高99厘米、口径32.6厘米、盖罩径53厘米、底径40.6厘米，重99公斤；铜禁长117.5厘米、宽53.4厘米、高13.2厘米，重35.2公斤。铜禁出土不多，迄今为止国内外仅见4件。在湖北省是首次发现。

Unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng State, Suizhou, Hubei. Left kettle: height: 99cm, weight: 106kg; right kettle: height: 99cm, weight: 99kg.

讲解：1965年湖北省江陵望山1号墓出土。战国时期文物，通高15厘米、长51厘米、座宽12厘米、屏厚3厘米。此座屏为木质，周身髹黑漆，用朱红、灰绿、金、银等色漆彩绘。外框长方形，其中透雕和浮雕了五十一只动物，包括大蟒二十条，小蛇十七条，蛙二只，鹿、凤、雀各四只。这件座屏在艺术上极为成功，历来被艺术史家看成是楚国漆工艺品的代表作。

The Warring States Period (475-221BC); unearthed from Tomb 1 at Wangshan, Jiangling in 1965; length: 51.8cm, height: 15cm, width of screen: 12cm

width of base: 12cm.

讲解：大玉戈，商代前期玉质仪仗器，中国首批禁止出国（境）展览文物、国家一级文物。1974年武汉市黄陂区盘龙城李家嘴三号墓出土的大玉戈，出自商代前期，在商代玉器中十分罕见，堪称“玉戈之王”。该器长94厘米、宽14厘米、厚仅1厘米。

Unearthed from the Tomb 3 at Panlongcheng Site, Huangpi.; length: 94cm, width: 14cm, thickness: 1cm. This article is made of serpentine with a hardness of 3.5. It is the largest of all Shang jade dagger-axes known so far, being ceremonial in function.

三、看展须知

开放时间:

周二至周日 09：00—17：00（16：00后停止入馆）；周一闭馆（法定节假日除外）

Opening time:

Tuesday-Sunday 9:00am-5:00pm (Suspend admission after 4:00pm)；Closed on Mondays (except legal holidays)

门票价格：免费

Tickets：Free Admission

咨询电话：

027-86794127 / 027-86790329

Contact：

027-86794127 / 027-86790329

公交路线：

您住汉口，可乘坐公汽402路、411路、552路、701路到达省博。

您住汉阳，可乘坐地铁4号线到达东亭，步行约20分钟到达省博。

您住武昌，可乘坐公汽14路、578路、709路、810路、402路、411路、552路、701路到达省博。

How to go

From Hankou, please take Bus 402/ 411/ 522/ 701 to Hubei Museum.

From Hanyang, please take Metro Line 4 to Dongting, and walk about 20 minutes to Hubei Museum.

From Wuchang, please take Bus 14/ 578/ 709/ 810/ 402/ 411/ 522/ 701 to Hubei Museum.

编钟演奏时间：

每年3-11月，周二到周五每天3场， 10点半、14点、15点各一场。周六、周日每天4场， 10点半、11点半、14点、15点各一场。逢国家法定节假日每天5场， 10点半、11点半、12点半、14点、15点各一场。每年12月至次年2月：周二到周五每天2场， 11点，15点各一场。周六、周日每天3场， 11点、14点、15点各一场。每场演出时间25分钟。

Chime Bells Performance (25 minutes)

From March to November: three performances on each Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday(10:30, 14:00 and 15:00); four performances on each Saturday and Sunday (10:30, 11:30, 14:00 and 15:00); five performances on legal holidays (10:30, 11:30, 12:30, 14:00, 15:00).

From December to February the next year: two performances on each Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday (11:00 and 15:00); three performances on each Saturday and Sunday (11:00, 14:00 and 15:00)

编钟演出票价：

单场每人次30元（1.4米以下未成年人免票），军人、学生、残疾人、65岁以上老年人凭有效证件可购优惠票，每人次20元。

Ticket price:

30 yuan per person for each stage (free for the teenage under 1.4 m), people who are soldiers, students, disabled and the elderly over the age of 65 with valid identification can buy the tickets at 20 yuan per person.

最后的最后

提醒大家：文明看展，拍照不要开闪关灯哦~~

国宝需要大家共同的守护

END

作者：阮新奇

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