八年级下册知识点详解(人教版八年级下册复习资料)

Unit1 What’s the matter?一、重点短语归纳,下面我们就来说一说关于八年级下册知识点详解?我们一起去了解并探讨一下这个问题吧!

八年级下册知识点详解(人教版八年级下册复习资料)

八年级下册知识点详解

Unit1 What’s the matter?

一、重点短语归纳

Section A

have a cold 感冒

have a stomachache 胃痛

have a sore throat 嗓子痛

too much 太多

lie down 躺下

take one’s temperature 量体温

have a fever 发烧

have a headache 头痛

sound like 听起来像

take breaks 休息

go to a doctor 去看医生

get off 下车

to one’s surprise 使...惊讶的

Thanks to... 多亏

in time 及时

right away 立即;马上

get into trouble 陷入麻烦

fall down 摔倒

Section B

be interested in... 对...感兴趣

be used to 习惯于......

take risks 冒险

because of 因为

run out 用尽

have problems breathing 呼吸困难

save one’s life 挽救某人的生命

cut off 切除

get out of 离开;从...中出来

be in control of 掌管

the importance of... ...的重要性

give up 放弃

so...that... 如此...以至于...

二、话题句型

1.询问身体不舒服:

When we are not feeling well, we often go to see the doctor. The doctor will ask :

(1) What’s wrong (with you)?

What’s the matter/trouble (with you)?

What’s your trouble?

What happens to you?

(Is there) anything wrong with you?

表示“你怎么了”。

(2) How are you (feeling) now?

你现在觉得怎么样?

Are you feeling better today?

你今天觉得好些了吗?

(3) Do you have a headache/ a cough?

(4) How long have you been like this?

你像这样有多久了?

2.叙述病情:

(1) I don’t feel very well.

I’m not feeling well!

我感到不舒服。

(2) I have (got) a headache.

我头疼。

I have a sore throat.

我嗓子疼。

There is something wrong with my leg.

我的腿有毛病了。

(3) I feel terrible.

我感到很难受。

I feel even worse.

我感到情况更糟糕了。

(4) I don’t feel like eating anything.

我什么都不想吃。

3.处置或提出建议(Give advice)(a piece of advice):

(1)Open your mouth and say “Ah…”

张嘴说“啊……”

(2)Let me take your temperature.

让我给你量量体温。

(3)There’s nothing much wrong/serious with you.

你没什么大问题。

(4) You have got a bad cold.

你患了重感冒。

(5)You have to be in hospital.

你得住院。

(6)You’d better stay in bed for a few days.

你最好卧床几天。

(7)Take this medicine three times a day.

这个药一天吃三次。

(8)Take three pills before you go to bed.

睡前服用三片

(9)You should drink hot tea with honey.

你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。

(10)I hope you feel better soon.

我希望你很快会好起来。

三、同步知识梳理

1. What’s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了?

【句法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词with连用。

What’s the matter with sb?

= What’s your trouble?

= What’s up?

= What happens to sb?

【词法】matter/ ' mætə(r)) /n.问题;事情

What’s the matter with you?

= What’s the trouble with you?

= What’s wrong with you?

你怎么了?

【注】matter 和trouble为名词, 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词; wrong 是形容词,不能加the.

【拓展】matter的用法:It doesn’t matter.

没关系 (用来回答别人道歉时的用语)

2. She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water. 她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。

【词法1】too much/too many/much too

too much太多:

1)后接不可数名词:

There is too much rain these days.

2)修饰动词,放在动词之后:

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

too many,多,后接可数名词复数:

There are too many things for me to do every day.

much too太,修饰形容词或副词:

It’s much too cold in winter.

【词法2】enough 的用法

(1) adj.足够的,充分的 修饰名词时,可放在名词之前或之后:enough time

(2) adv. “足够地, 十分,相当”

修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后:expensive enough

(3) be adj. enough to do sth :

be strong enough to carry the box.

3. What should I do? 我该怎么办呢?

Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗?

【词法1】should “应该” 情态动词,后跟动词原形,表示责任和义务

should not =shouldn’t 不应该

主语 should/ shouldn’t 动词原形. ..

①You should lie down and rest.

你应该躺下休息一会儿。

② You shouldn’t’ t go out at night.

你晚上不应该出去。

【词法2】take one’s temperature 量体温

4. No, it doesn’t sound like you have a fever. 不需要, 听起来你不像发烧了。

【词法1】sound like 听起来像, 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。

It sounds like a good idea.

【拓展】 “感官动词 like

feel like 摸起来像

smell like 闻起来像

look like 看起来像

taste like 尝起来像

【词法2】fever/ 'fi:vɜ:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧

在英语中,表达“疼痛或不舒服”时的常用结构:

(1)主语 have/has a 病症:

have a cold/fever =run a fever

have a toothache

have a headache

have a cough

have a temperature

have a earache

[注意]have the flu

(2)主语 have/has a sore 发病部位:

sore 是一个独立的形容词,指的是身体某一部位的酸痛。

sore back, sore throat,sore back,sore neck.

(3)have/has a pain in/on the 身体部位:

I have a pain in the arm.

我胳膊疼。

(4)(There is)something wrong with one's 部位:

辨析 have a cold,catch/get a cold

have a cold 可以接一段时间,不能用于进行时

catch/get 不能接一段时间,瞬间动作

-- How long have you had a cold?

-- I have a cold for 6 days.

5. You need to take break away from the computer.你需要远离电脑,休息休息。

【词法1】need v 需要

◆用于肯定句是实义动词

(1) need sth 需要某物I need your help.

(2) 人做主语,sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事Do you need to drink more water?

(3) 物做主语,sth need doing sth.= sth need to be done.My TV set needs repairing.

◆用于否定句是情态动词

needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要

must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用

6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。

【词法1】 关于way的常用词组

on the way to…在去……的路上

in the way 挡路

out of the way 不再碍事

by the way 顺便说一下

in this way 用这种方法

in a way 在某种程度上

【词法2】without doing sth, without sth

I usually go to school without eating breakfast.

Without your help, I can’t finish our work on time.

7. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.

如果你的头和脖子明天还疼的话, 就去看医生。

【词法】hurt:及物动词&不及物动词

1. I hurt my leg. 我的腿受伤了。

2. My leg hurts.我的腿疼。

8.At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午9:00,26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶,这时,司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。

【词法1】lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ;平躺

lie → lay → lain v 躺下,(现在分词lying ).

lie down 躺下

lie down and rest 躺下休息

9. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。

【词法】get off 下车 (反) get on 上车

【拓展】与get相关的短语:

get up起床 get back回来;取回get over克服;度过

get on/along well with与……相处融洽get in a word插话get to到达

10. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他吃惊的是,所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。

【词法1】

surprise:⑴v 使吃惊

→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的

→surprised adj. 吃惊的

surprise sb 使某人吃惊

The bad news surprised me.

be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶

be surprised that从句 因...而惊讶

⑵ n 惊讶”

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是

in surprise 吃惊地

【词法2】

agree v

→ (反)disagree

→ (名词)agreement n. 同意

【搭配】

1.agree to sth. 同意某事

2.agree to do 同意做某事:

My mother agree to buy me a gift.

3.agree with sb. 赞成某人意见:

I agree with you.

4.agree on sth. 就某事达成一致:

We agree on the question.

5.agree that 认为、同意……

11. Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble? 人们常常不去帮助别人是因为他们不想惹麻烦。

【词法】trouble/'trʌbl/n .问题;苦恼

have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难

have trouble in doing sth 在做某事方面有困难

get into trouble 陷入困境

get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境

be in trouble 处于困境

12. Jenny cut herself . 珍妮伤着自己了

【词法】反身代词

(1)反身代词的构成

◆一、二人称的反身代词

构成:形容词性物主代词 self/selves构成

单数 myself yourself

复数 ourselves yourselves

◆ 第三人称的反身代词

构成:第三人称宾格 self/selves

单数:himself herself itself

复数:themselves

(2)反身代词的常见搭配:

enjoy oneself=have fun=have a good time玩得高兴

teach oneself=learn … by oneself自学

by oneself =alone 独自

help oneself to 随便吃

introduce oneself to 自我介绍

(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。

13. Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。

【词法】feel sick 生病;不舒服

sick /ill adj. 生病的

(1) sick adj.“生病的”,既可放be (系动词)后作表语,也可放名词前作定语。

be sick of … “讨厌;厌恶……” sick person = patient “病人”

(2) ill adj.“生病的”,只能放be (系动词)后作表语, be ill in hospital 生病住院

ill → (名词) illness n.“病;疾病”

14. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯于冒险。

【词汇1】 as prep,"作为","以……身份"。

As a teacher, Mr. Wang thinks it's very important to teach the students how to learn.

【词汇2】be used to (doing)习惯于(做);适应于(做)

【用法】

(1) use v.使用

→useful adj. 有用的

use up 用完

(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事

(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事,表示过去做过的事现在已经不做,只用于过去时态。

(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事

=be used for doing sth

【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴(框架)眼镜,但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。

15. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但是当他的水也用完的时候,他意识到他必须做些什么去挽救他自己的生命。

【词法1】 run → ran → run v跑

run out of =use up 用完

【区别】 run out of 其主语通常是人

run out 其主语通常是物

【短语】

run across 偶然遇见 run After 追求,追逐run away 逃跑

【词法2】own ①adj. 自己的

② v 拥有 → owner n 所有者,物主

【词组】one’s own 某人自己的

of one’s own /one’s own n 某人自己的 (one’s 要用adj. 物主代词代替)

I want to have a big house of my own.= I want to have my own house.

16. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. 然后, 他用左手给自己绑上绷带, 以至于不流太多的血

【词法1】so that 以便,为了 引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词may/ might,can/ could等。

The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly.

为了能赶上车,她起得很早。(目的状语从句)

17. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of .

【词法1】

mean → meant → meant v 意味着

→ (名词) meaning n 意思

→meaningless adj. 毫无意义的

(1)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

(2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事

【拓展】询问 “......的意思”的常用句型:

What does ... mean?

What is the meaning of...?

【词法2】get out of 离开,从……出来

【拓展】与get 相关的短语:

get up起床

get to到达get back 返回

get on 上车get off 下车get on with 与……友好相处

15. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decision , and of being in control of one’s life. 在这本书里,阿伦讲述了好好做出决定以及掌握自己命运的重要性。

【词法1】

important adj. 重要的(反)unimportan

→ (名词) importance n 重要性

【词法2】decide v.决定→ (名词)decision n.决定

(1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事

(2)make a decision 做决定

四、书面表达:

请根据以下提示写一篇不少于70词的短文。

提示:1.Dennis今天得了重感冒,头痛、发烧;2.医生建议他在家休息,多喝水,按时吃药; 3.你准备放学后去看他,帮他补习功课。

One possible version :

My friend Dennis didn’t come to school today. He went to hospital because he had a bad cold. He had a headache and a fever. The doctor looked him over and said,“It’s nothing serious. But you have to stay at home for two days. You should drink more water and have a good rest. Take the medicine three times a day. Then you’ll feel better. ”

After school,I’m going to visit him and help him with his lessons. I hope he will be OK very soon.

Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.

各课时重点知识归纳。

一、常考短语

clean up 打扫(或清除)干净

cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来

give out 分发;散发

come up with 想出提出(主意、计划、回答等)

put off 推迟

hand out 分发

call up 打电话给(某人);征召

used to曾经……“;过去…

care for照顾;非常喜欢

try out参加………选拔;试用

fix up修理;装饰

give away赠送;捐赠

take after(外貌或行为)像

set up 建起;设立

make a difference 影响;有作用

put up 张贴;搭建;举起

help out 帮助……摆脱困境

give up 放弃

come true 实现

run out of 用尽;耗尽

be similar to 与………相似

volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事

make plans to do sth 制订计划做某事

ask sb (not) to do sth 要求某人(不要)做某事

used to do sth 过去常常做某事

give up+时间+ to do sth

腾出时间做某事

get a feeling of 产生…的感觉

decide to do sth 决定做某事

help sb (to) do sth

帮助某人做某事

make a difference to

对…产生影响

make it possible for sb to do sth

使得做某事对某人来说成为可能

三、经典句型

1.You could help to clean up the city parks. A(9)你可以帮助打扫城市公园。

(1)could意为“能;可以”,其后接动词原形,可以用于提出建议,语气比can委婉。

You could walk to the park.

你可以步行去公园。

拓展:could表示过去的能力时,是can的过去式。

He could swim when he was five years old.

他5岁的时候就会游泳。

(2)clean up意为“打扫(或清除)干净”,是”动词十副词”结构的短语,后面跟名词作宾语时,名词放在up前后均可;跟人称代词作宾语时,人称代词应当放在up前面。

He often helps his parents clean up their room on weekends.

他周末经常帮助父母打扫房间。

Your room is dirty. You should clean it up.

你的房间脏了。你应该把它打扫干净。

【拓展】 clean-up用作名词,意为“打扫;清洁”。

We must give our classroom a good clean-up.

我们必须把教室好好打扫一下。

2.We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean up.

我们需要想出一个计划来告诉人们关于打扫城市公园的事。

3.I’d like to help homeless people.

我想帮助无家可归的人。

四、重点语法

1.短语动词

例句:

1.We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.

2.We can' t put off making a plan.

3.We could put up signs.

4.Then I'll hand them out after school.

以上句子中的 come up with, put off, put up, hand out都是短语动词,动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语称为短语动词。短语动词的结构可分为以下六种基本类型。

1)动词十副词

这种结构的短语动词可作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词的短语动词,如果宾语为名词,名词位于副词的前面或后面皆可;如果宾语为代词,代词要位于副词的前面(放中间)。常用的此类副词有 away, out, off,up,down,back,in, along等,如:

cheer up(振奋起来)

clean up(打扫干净)

put up(张贴)

fix up(修理)

give away(赠送)

give out(分发)

use up(用完)

hand in(上交)

put off(推迟)

pick up(捡起)

think over(仔细考虑)

turn down(调低)

get up(起床)

start off(出发)

look out(当心)。

Could you turn down the music, pleases?

She picked the pen up and gave it back to me.

2)动词十介词

动词与介词构成的短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是位于介词的后面,常见的此类介词有for, about, of, after, from, into, to, with, at等。如:

look after(照顾)

belong to(属于)

take after(像)

hear from(收到……的来信)

hear of(听说)

send for(派人去请)

pay for(赔偿)

wait for(等待

care for(照顾;非常喜欢)

laugh at(嘲笑)

worry about(担心)

listen to(听)

look at(看)

agree with(同意)。

3)动词十副词十介词

在这类短语动词中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,已成为一体,词义上相当于一个及物动词,所带的宾语总是位于介词之后。如:

run out of(用光)

get out of(离开)

come up with(想出)

catch up with(赶上)

look forward to(盼望)

go on with(继续)

4)动词十名词

这类短语动词中常见的动词有have,take,give,make等。如:

have a rest(休息一下)

take a walk(散步)

make mistakes(犯错)

have a try(试一下)

take place(发生)

tell a lie(撒谎)

5)动词十名词+介词

这类短语动词只用作及物动词,名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后。如:

have a look at(看一看)

make friends with(与……交朋友)

have a drink of(喝一口)

pay attention to(注意)

make fun of(取笑)

take care of(照顾)

You should pay attention to your teacher in class.

6)be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词

这类短语动词也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词的后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义。如:

be late for(迟到);

be busy with(忙于)

be worried about(担心)

be fond of(喜爱)

be good at(擅长)

be good/bad for(对…有益/有害)

be short of(缺乏)

be similar to与……相似)

be strict with(对…严格要求)

be proud of(为……骄做)

be different from(与…不同)。

Eating more vegetables and fruit is good for your health.

2.动词不定式

1. I’d like to help homeless people.

2. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.

3. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.

第一个句子中,动词不定式短语 to help homeless people作 would like 的宾语;第二个句子中,动词不定式短语作ask的宾语补足语;第三个句子中, to help kids learn to read作目的状语。

动词不定式的形式是"to+动词原形”,但有时不带to。其否定形式是在to前加not,即“ not to"+动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。

1.动词不定式的常见用法

(1)动词不定式作宾语;后面常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)有:want,hope, begin, learn,try, decide,forget, remember, like, love, expect, agree, refuse, wish, plan, afford, choose, would like,need, start 等。

He began to learn English at the age of four.

※有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(即宾语十宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是动词不定式短语,必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将动词不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之后。

I find it useful to learn English well.

(2)动词不定式作宾语补足语;后面常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, want, expect,like,wish, would like等。

He asked me to talk about English study.

(3)动词不定式作主语:

To master a language is not an easy thing.

※动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's necessary to find the witness.

(4)动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。

I have nothing to say on this question.

(5)动词不定式作状语

动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中作状语。

1)放在句首或句尾表示目的等。

To catch the train, he got up early.

=He got up early to catch the train.

为了赶火车,他早早地起床了。

2)跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面,作原因状语。

I'm sorry to hear that.

听到那件事我很难过。

3)用在too…to…结构中,作结果状语。

He is too young to understand all that.

他太年轻了,不能理解那一切。

※动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which,when, where,how等连用。

I don't know what to do next.

我不知道接下来该做什么。

2.不定式不带to的情况

(1)在固定词组 had better之后,注意:had better do sth.的否定形式是 had better not do sth.

You had better go home now.

你最好现在回家。

It's cold outside You d better not go out.

外面很冷,你最好不要出去。

(2)在使役动词let,make,have或感官动词see,feel, watch, notice,hear等后面作宾语补足语时,不带to。

I made them give me the money back.

我迫使他们把钱还给了我。

I didn't see you come in.

我没看见你进来。

(3)在引导疑问句的 why not之后

“Why not+不带to的不定式?”与 Why don' t you do ...?同义,可以用来提出建议或劝告。

Why not go with us?

为什么不和我们一起去呢?

Why not take a holiday?

=Why don't you take a holiday?

为什么不休个假呢?

(4)动词不定式在help后作宾语补足语时,可带to也可不带to。

Could you help me(to) carry the heavy box?

你能帮我这个重箱子吗?

四、要点全解

Section A

1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.A(9)这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食。

give out意为“散发;分发”,相当于 hand out是“动词十副词”结构的短语。

Can you give the drinks out, please?

请你分发一下饮料好吗?

【拓展】give out的其他含义:

(1)为“发出(光、热、声音、气味等)”。

The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.

太阳给地球以光和热。

(2)意为“用完,耗尽” 。

Our supplies began to give out.

我们的补给要用完了。

2.Let's make some notices, too.A(10) 咱们也制作一些布告吧。

notice此处用作可数名词,意为“通知;通告;布告”。

There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking".

I ’ll put up a notice about the meeting.

【拓展】 notice作动词,意为“注意到;意识到”。其常见用法有:

① notice sb. do/ doing sth.注意到某人做了/正在做某事。

Did you notice Jack come in?

你注意到杰克进来了吗?

I didn't notice you carrying a box when you came in.

你进来时我没注意到你扛着一个箱子。

② notice+that从句注意到。

I noticed that he left the room.

我注意到他离开了房间。

3. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.A(10)他们给我讲过去的生活经历,讲过去是什么样子的。

used to在此表示过去一度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定的情形。作这一用法时,used to常与be,have,live,stay, like, love等词连用,表示“曾;曾经”。

We used to be very good friends when we were at school.

我们在上学的时候曾是十分要好的朋友。

I used to live in Hangzhou.

我曾住在杭州。

【拓展】 used to还可用来表示“过去常常”做某事,但现在不那样做了。

She used to come here every week.

她过去每周都到这儿来。

注意:used to的否定结构通常是 didn't use to:在英式英语中也常用 used not to(缩写形式为 usedn’t to)。

You didn’t to eat chips when you were young.

你小时候不吃炸薯条。

He used not to smoke.

他过去并不吸烟。

4. … give up several hours each week to help others.A(11) …每周都腾出几个小时的时间去帮助他人。

(1)several此处用作形容词,意为“几个;数个;一些”,修饰可数名词复数形式。

Several days later, Grace went to the library and borrowed some books.

几天后,格雷丝去图书馆借了一些书。

【拓展】 several作代词,意为“几个;数个” 。

Several of us went there.

我们中的几个去了那里。

(2)辨析:each与every

两者均可表示“每一,每个”,但用法不同。

each形容词或代词,强调个性,着眼于整体中的个体。

Each school has its own library.

每一所学校都有自己的图书馆。

He gave two to each.

他给了每人两个。

every形容词,强调共性,着眼于整体。

Every child was dressed in a costume.

所有孩子都穿了演出服。

注意:

1)each不能与 almost,nearly及not搭配使用,而 every可以。

Almost every window was broken.

几乎每扇窗户都破了。

Not every student went on holiday.

并非每个学生都去度假了。

2)each不能用于否定句,在否定句中应用none。

None of the books are mine.

没有一本书是我的。

5. but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.A(11)…但是我想更多地了解如何照顾动物。

how to care for animals是“疑问词十动词不定式”结构,在句中作宾语。英语中疑问代词 what, who, which和疑问副词 where,when,why,how等后面接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语,在句中可作主语,宾语、表语等成分。

When to start is the key problem.

何时出发是关健问题。

I didn' t decide where to live.

我没有决定住在哪儿。

The difficulty is how to do more work with less money.

困难在于如何用更少的钱办更多的事。

注意: “疑问词十动词不定式”结构常用于tell, know, show, learn, teach, explain等后作宾语,此时该结构相当于一个宾语从句,它所表示的动作通常是未发生的动作,所以在转換成宾语从句时,通常加情态动词或用将来时态。

He didn't know what to say.

=He didn't know what he should say.

他不知道该说什么。

6.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.A(11)在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。

1)本句是一个动名词作主语的句子,单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

Eating too much isn't good for you.

吃太多对你没有好处。

2) a dream come true意为“梦想成为现实;梦想成真”,是一种常见的表达方式。come true意为“实现,成为现实”。

I've always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dream come true for me.

我一直都想去北京,所以下周去那儿度假对我来说将是梦想成真。

His dream of becoming a teacher came true.

他当教师的梦想实现了。

7.I'm making some signs to put up around the school.A(12)我正在制作一些标语,以张贴在学校周围。

put up此处意为”张贴”,是“动词十副词”结构的短语。

Look! There is a man putting up the notice.

看!有人正在张贴布告。

Can I put up some posters?

我能张贴几张海报吗?

put up的其他含义:搭建,升起,举起,盘起。

【拓展】

1)由put构成的常用短语还有:

put off推迟

put away收起来,放好

put on穿上,上演,发胖

put one’s heart into全神贯注于

put down放下

put out熄灭

put back放回原处,把(钟)拨慢

put into输入

2)由up构成的常用短语还有:

get up起床,起来

cut up切碎

dress up装扮

grow up长大

give up放弃

clean up打扫干净

cheer up振奋起来,高兴起来

call up打电话

pick up捡起;拾起

fix up修理;装怖

set up建起;设立

shut up 闭嘴

wake up 醒来

fuck up 搞砸

screw up 弄糟

hurry up 赶快

come up 升起

break up 分手

bring up提出

take up 开始从事

speed up 加速

speak up 说大声点

ease up 放松

lock up 锁起来;

get caught up 陷入

turn up 出现、出席

mix up 混淆

fix up 修好

8. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.A(12)我们班正在努力想出一些主意使生病的孩子高兴起来,因为他们经常难过。

此处try作及物动词,意为“尝试:打算:努力做”。

Don' t try to excuse yourself.

别试图为你自己找借口 。

I tried hard not to laugh.

我极力忍住不笑。

拓展:

①try作不及物动词,意为“尝试”。

He tried but didn' t succeed.

他试了试,但没成功。

②try作可数名词,意为“尝试;努力”

Let me have a try.

让我试一试。

辨析:try to do sth.与 try doing sth

try to do sth “努力做某事;试图做某事”,但不一定能成功。

She tried to carry the basket.

她尽力提起这个蓝子。

try doing sth “试着(用某种方法或手段)做某事”。

The boy tried making a model plane.

这个男孩尝试着制作一个飞机模型。

9. However, few people think about what they can do to help others.A(12)然而,很少有人考虑他们能做什么来帮助别人。

few此处作形容词,意为“少数的;不多的”,表示否定意义,修饰可数名词复数形式。few也可作代词,意为“少数的人/事物”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

Few of the students are at school没有几个学生在学校里。

辨析:few, a few, little与 a little

few, a few修饰可数名词复数形式;little与 a little修饰不可数名词。

There are few eggs on the plate, so I must buy some.

盘子里没几个鸡蛋了,所以我必须买一些。

There are a few eggs on the plate, so I needn’t buy any at once.

盘子里还有几个鸡蛋,所以我不必立刻买。

few, little 否定(几乎没有;少); a few,a little 肯定(有几个;少量)。

There's little milk in the glass.

杯子里没多少牛奶了。

There's a little milk in the glass.

杯子里有一点牛奶。

助记:

few, little表否定,

前面加a变肯定。

可数名词复数前,

用(a)few修饰记心间,

不可数名词来报到,

其前要用(a)little

10. I want to travel alone.A(12)我想独自旅行。

alone此处用作副词,意为“单独;独自”,在句中作状语。

He likes living alone.

他喜欢独自生活。

拓展:

① alone作副词,还可用在名词或代词之后,意为“只有;仅仅”。

He alone understands me.

唯有他理解我。

② )alone 作形容词,意为“独自的;单独的”,在句中只能作表语。

She was alone in the dark room.

她独自一人待在那间黑暗的屋子里。

辨析:alone与 lonely

alone 形容词,单独的;独自的;副词,单独;独自,强调客观情况,数量上就一个。

lonely形容词,孤独的;寂寞的,强调主观感情,心灵上的孤独,具有伤感色彩。

He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.

他独自生活,但并不感到孤独。

Section B

11. ... so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me.B(14)因此,像接电话、开关门或搬东西这些平常的事对我来说很困难。

carry及物动词,意为“拿;提;扛”。

He always carries a small box in his hand.

他手里总是拿着一个小盒子。

辨析:carry, bring,take与get

carry 拿;提;扛,表示携带、搬运、运载,具有负重的含义,没有方向性。

Please carry this bag for me.

请为我提一下这个袋子。

bring 拿来,带来,指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方。

Bring the book to me, please.

请给我把书拿过来。

take拿走;带走,指把人或物从说话者所在的地方带到别处。

Take my box to the room.

把我的箱子拿到房间去。

get去取来;去拿来,指到某地去把某人或某物带来或拿来。

She has gone to get water.

她去打水了。

五、书面表达

根据汉语提示及要求,以 Sally’s Dream为题写一篇短文。

提示:

1.Sally是一个中学生,她想成为一名职业演员。

2.她同时也是一名志愿者 ,经常参加一些志愿者服务活动,业余时间她还上表演课。

3.现在她遇到了一些麻烦,无钱上表演课.她想出了许多办法,如:打电话给家长、主动辅导孩子的美术、张贴启事寻找工作挣钱等。

4.问题解决了,她可以继续上课了,她的梦想回实现的。

要求:

1. 条理清晰,语句通顺,语法正确,书写规范。

2. 不少于80个单词。

Sally’s Dream

参考范文

Sally’s Dream

Sally is a high school student. She wants to be a professional actress. As a volunteer, she often volunteers her time to help other people. At the same time she takes acting lessons. She needs to come up with ideas for making money. She called up parents offering art lessons to children. She even put up signs for asking for jobs. Now she’ll be able to go on her lessons, and she can become a professional actress one day.

Unit 3背诵清单和知识点

重点词组

1.Do the dishes 洗碗

2.Take out the rubbish 倒垃圾

3.Fold your clothes 折衣服

4.Sweep the floor 拖地

5.Make the bed 整理床铺

6.Clean the living room 打扫起居室

7.Go out for dinner 出去吃饭

8.Go to the movies 看电影

9.Stay out late 熬夜

10.Get a ride 搭便车

11.Any minute = at once 随时, 立即

12.Work on the computer 在电脑上工作

13.Help out with 帮忙解决某事

14.In a mess 一团糟

15.Throw down 扔下

16.The minute = the moment = the second = as soon as...一......就......

17e over 走过来

18.Be 动词 as adj(形容词) as 动词 as adv(副词) as 和......一样

19.In surprise 惊讶

to one's surprise 让某人惊讶的是......

to one's satisfaction让某人满意的是,

20.hang out 瞎逛

重点句子

1. I think two hours of TV is enough for you.

我认为你看两小时电视足够了。

2. She won't be happy if she sees this mess.

如果她看到这么脏,她将不会高兴的。

3. The minute I sat down in front of the TV,my mom came over.

我一坐到电视机前面,我妈就走过来。

4. I’m just as tired as you are!

我和你一样累!

5. For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.

整整一周,她没有做任何家务,我也没做。

6.I finally understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.

我最后明白了,我们需要分担家务才能拥有一个干净舒服的家。

Section b 2b 阅读句子

7.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.

我不明白为什么有些家长会让他们孩子在家做家务事。

8.Housework is a waste of their time.

家务活是浪费他们的时间。

9.They should spend their time on their schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.

他们应该花时间在学校功课上,以便能取得一个好分数,进入更好的大学。

10.It’s parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.

为孩子在家提供干净舒适的环境是父母的职责。

11.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.

我认为孩子学习如何做杂务和帮助父母做家务事是很重要的。

12.Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.

做无聊的杂事可以培养孩子的独立,教会他们如何照顾自己。

13.Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.

当他们和父母住在一个房子里的时候,他们应该知道每个人都要为保持房子干净整洁而尽一份力。

14.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.

孩子越早学习独立,对他们的未来越好。

Unit 4背诵任务和知识清单

重点单词:

1.提建议的句式:

Why don’t you 动词原形?

=Why not 动词原形?

= How about 动词ing?

2.too much 不可数名词

too many 可数名词复数 太多.....

much too 形容词/副词=very 形容词/副词

3.I don’t get enough sleep.我得不到充足的睡眠

enough 放在形容词后面,名词前面

old enough 年纪足够大

4.have free time to do sth 有空闲时间做某事

5.allow v.允许,准许

allow sth. 允许某事的发生

allow doing sth. 允许做某事

allow sb. sth. 给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

6.hang out with sb 和某人闲逛

hang over 笼罩

7.get into a fight(n.) with sb 和某人打架

fight v.打架 fight with sb

8.call sb. up 打电话给某人

9.surprise(v.) sb. 令某人惊讶

sth is surprising 某事令人惊讶

sb is surprised with sth 某人对某事感到很惊讶

to one's surprise(名词),令某人惊讶的是,

10.be angry with sb. 生某人的气

11.look through 浏览,快速查阅

look up 查阅 向上看

look at... 看着......

12.deal n. 协议;交易 v. 解决

deal with 处理

not a big deal 没什么大不了

make a deal 做交易

13.so that 完整的句子 因此;

in order to do sth 为了......

14.work out 顺利解决

15.get on with= get along with sb相处愉快

get on well/badly with sth. 进展顺利/不好

get on 上车 get off 下车

16.refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事

17.instead是副词,后面不接其他的词,放在句首或句末。

instead of是介词短语,意为“代替,而不是”,后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing形式

18.offer给予;提供;提出

offer sb sth = offer sth to sb

offer to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事;主动提出做某事”。

19munication n.交流;沟通 注意读音,再拼读

communicate v. ~ with sb 跟某人交流

20.relation n.关系;联系 relationship 关系

have a good relation with sb 和某人关系很好

21.argue v.争吵

argue with sb on sth 和某人就某事争论

名词argument

have an argument with sb. about/ on sth. 因某事与某人争论。

22.explain解释 explain sth. to sb.

名词形式explanation

23.Secondly 其次意思类似,可放在作文中的连接词还有what’s more ,moreover ,in addition,after that,then, next

24pare 比较,对照

compare with 同类事物找不同点;

compare to 不同事物找相同点,把某物比作某物

25.not......anymore / any longer 不再

26.a member of 名词复数 某组织的成员之一

27.pressure n.压力 press v. 按压

28pete with sb 和某人竞争

competition n. 比赛

competitor n. 比赛者

29.cut out 删除 cut up 切碎

cut down 砍到 cut off 切除

30.successful adj.成功的

success n.成功

successfully adv.

succeed (v. 动词) in doing sth 成功做某事

31.in one’s opinion 在某人看来

=from one’s point of view

32. push 推动;鞭策;督促 pull v. 拉

33.develop v. 发展,指的是事情发展变化

名词development

34.cause pressure 引起压力

重点句式

1.I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.

我发现我妹妹昨天正在翻我的东西。

2.Why don’t you forget about it so that you can be friends again?

你为什么不忘记这件事,这样你们能再做朋友呢?

3.My problem is that I can’t get on with my family.

我的问题是我不能和我的家人相处好。

4.When they argue,it’s like a big,black cloud hanging over our home.

当他们吵架的时候,我们家就像有庞大的乌云笼罩着。

5.It’s not easy being your age,and it’s normal to have these feelings.

一切对于这样年纪的你来说是不容易的,有这些感觉也是很正常的。

6.You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time.

你可以解释你并不介意他一直看电视。

7.However, the tired children don’t get home until after 7:00 p.m.

然后疲劳的孩子们一直到晚上七点以后才能到家。

8petition starts very young and continues until the kids gets older.

竞争很小就会开始,一直持续到孩子们长大。

9.People shouldn’t push their kids so hard.

人们不应该把他们的孩子督促得这么紧。

10.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s development.

医生说太多的压力不利于孩子成长。

11.Although it’s normal to want successful children, it’s even more important to have happy children.

虽然要求孩子成功很正常,孩子快乐更重要。

Unit 5知识清单

重点单词

1.go off (闹钟)发出响声 p.34

拓展:离开,动身;(食物,饮料) 变质;爆炸;(电)断掉,(灯)熄灭

go on 继续 go away 离开 go over复习

go through 经历;浏览;通过

2.begin →(过去式)began→(现在分词) beginning(也可作名词,开始;开端)

at the beginning of 在......开始

beginner n.初学者

begin to do/doing sth. 开始做某事区别:

begin to do sth 是开始打算要做某事,是指事情还未做,准备开始做;

begin doing sth 是指开始做某事,表示动作正在进行;

to begin with 首先,接逗号放句首引出下文。

3. suddenly adv.突然

sudden adj./n.突然的;突然发生的事

all of a sudden(=suddenly) 突然地

4.pick up(the phone) 接电话;采摘;(开车)接送某人;偶然学会某种语言

5.strange adj.奇怪的;陌生的

strangely adv. 奇怪地

stranger n. 陌生人

6ght n.灯;光,光线

light adj.轻的(反heavy);浅色的;明亮的(反义词都是dark)

light v.点燃

light-lit-lit; light-lighted-lighted

(lighted可用作形容词)

a lighted candle 一个点燃的蜡烛

light up 点亮;照亮

light up one’s life照亮某人的生活

7.report v./n. 报道;公布

make a report 作报告

reporter n.记者

It is/was reported/said that 句子

据报道/说......

8.wood n.木头(表示木头时是不可数,作可数名词加s的时候表示森林 woods)

a piece of wood 一根木头

wooden adj. 木制的

9.match n.火柴;比赛 v. 匹配

match...with... 把...和...匹配起来

10.beat v.敲打; n. 振动 跳动 节拍

beat - 过去式 beat - 过去分词 beaten

beat against/on... 敲打......

拓展:win v.赢得(后接比赛;竞赛;奖励等); beat 后接打败的人或团队。

11. asleep adj. 睡着的

反义词为awake adj. 醒着的

辨析:fall asleep进入梦乡睡着

sleep v. 睡觉

sleepy adj. 打瞌睡的

sleeping 睡着的,做定语

12.die down v. 声音、光线逐渐变弱;逐渐消失

die of... 死于......(内因)

die from... 死于...... (外因)

die out 灭绝

die away 消失

13.rise v.升起;(工资)增加;(价格)提高

rise→(过去式)rose→(过去分词)risen

主语通常是物,物体本身引起的上升,如:太阳东升西落等。

链接:raise v.举起;抬起;增加;募捐

raise →(过去式)raised→(过去分词) raised

主语通常是人,外力引起物体的上升。

14.fallen adj. 倒下的,落下的

fall-fell-fallen

15. realize v.(及物动词),理解;领会;认识到 ( 作这个含义时,没有进行时态和被动语态);还可意为:实现;完成(主语是人):

realize one’s dream 实现梦想

come true实现(主语是物)

one’s dream comes true 梦想实现

16. make one’s way 前往,费力地前进,其中介词to表示方向,后加地点名词,强调克服困难,或想法设法去某地。

in this way 这样,以这种方式

in a way 在某种程度上

in a friendly way 用友好的方式

by the way 随便说一声

on the/one’s way (to) 在去……的途中

lose one’s way 迷路

17pletely adv. 完全地

complete adj. 完整的 v.完成(=finish)

18.shocked adj. 震惊的

shock n. 震惊 v.使震惊;使震动

19.silence n.沉默

silent adj.沉默的

silently adv.沉默地

=in silence 沉默地

keep silent 保持沉默

20.take down 拆除,记录,往下拽;写下,记下,相当于write down

21.truth n.实情

true adj. 真实的

truly adv. 真实地

tell (sb. ) the truth 和某人说出实情

to tell the truth 老实说,作插入语,位于句首

重点句式:

1. My alarm didn’t go off so I wake up late.

我的闹钟没有响,因此我起床晚了。

2. I was waiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily.

当天开始下大雨的时候我在等公交车

3. I called at seven and you didn’t pick up.

我七点钟给你打电话,你没有接。

4. With no light outside, it felt like midnight.

外面没有一丝光亮, 让人感觉这是在午夜。

5. The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area.

电视新闻报道,这个地区有一场大暴雨。

6. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working .

本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面,而他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机能正常使用。

7.Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.

当雨点开始重重地打在窗户上的时候,本正在帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。

8.Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere.

到处都是倒下的树,破碎的窗户和垃圾。

9. Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together.

虽然暴风雨摧毁了很多东西,却让很多家庭和邻居关系更加紧密。

10.Kate realized her bag was still at home.

凯特意识到她的包还在家。

11.people often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.

当人们听到历史当中的重要事件,会想起他们那时候在做什么。

12.I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.

我很害怕以至于后来我几乎无法正常思考。

13.I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.

后来由于害怕我无法清晰地思考。

Unit 6知识清单

Section A

(一)词汇学习

1.weak adj. 虚弱的,无力的

He is a little weak. 他有一点虚弱。

Weak 做形容词,还意为“弱,差”。

名词为weakness

2.hide v. 隐蔽,隐藏

hide为动词,其过去式为hid,过去分词为hidden。

与hide相关的短语:hide sth from sth/sb.“把某物藏起来,远离某物、某人”。

3.magic adj. 有魔力的,有神奇力量的

magic 作形容词时,只做定语。

magic 做名词时,意为“魔术、魔力”。

He will perform magic at the party.

与之相关的词:

magical adj.有魔力的,不可思议的

magically adv. 魔力地,不可思议地

magician n. 魔法家,魔术师,变戏法的人

4.stick n. 棍,条

(1)作名词,意为“棍,条”

He used a stick to beat me.

(2) stick作动词,意为“坚持”。其常见用法为stick to sth. “坚持某事” 或stick with sb. 继续支持某。

5.western adj. 西方国家的,西方的

以—ern结尾的方位名词

East东方----Eastern 东方的

West 西方----Western 西方的

South 南方---southern 南方的

North 北方---Northern北方的

(二)句型学习

1.As soon as the man finished (talking), Yu Gong said that his family could continue to move the mountains after he died.这人一说完,愚公就说,她的家人在他死后会继续移山。

(1)as soon as... 意为“一......就......”,引导时间状语从句。

I’ll give this MP3 to her as soon as she comes back.

注意:若主语用一般将来时态,as soon as 引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时态表将来。

(2)continue作动词时,后接动词不定式或v-ing形式,即continue to do/doing sth.意为“继续做某事”。

(3) finish意为“完成”,为及物动词,其后跟名词、代词或动名词做宾语

I’ll finish doing my homework before class is over.

2. Finally, a god was so moved by Yu Gong that he sent (two) gods to take the mountains away.最终, 一个神仙被愚公感动了,于是他派了两个神仙去把那些山移走。

move 作动词,意为“移动”,也有“打动,使感动”的意思。

be moved by... (某人)因......而感动。

moving 令人感动的 a moving film

3.This story reminds us that you can never know what’s possible unless you try to make it happen. 这个故事提醒我们, 你永远不会知道什么是可能的, 除非你尽力实现它。

(1)remind及物动词, 意为“提醒; 使想起”, 常用结构为remind sb. that从句“提醒某人……”。remind的不同搭配:

remind sb. to do sth. “提醒某人去做某事”。例如:

My English teacher always reminds me to study hard at English every day.

我的英语老师总是提醒我每天努力学习英语。

remind sb. of sth. “使某人想起某事”。例如:

It reminds me of my best friend.

它使我想起了我最好的朋友。

(2)unless“除非; 如果不”引导条件状语从句, 相当于if not。例如:

You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard.

=If you don’t work hard, you won’t pass the exam.

如果你不努力学习你将通不过这次考试。

4.But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a person. 但除非他能隐藏自己的尾巴, 否则他不能将自己变成人。

(1)hide...from...意为“把……藏起来不让……发现; 躲避……”。例如:

He often hides from his old friends.

他经常躲避他的老朋友们。

(2)turn...into..., 意为“将……变成……”。

turn on 打开 turn off 关闭

turn up 调大 turn down调小

turn left /right向左/右转

in turn 轮流 by turn 交替地

5.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.

有时他能使这根棍棒变小, 以便他能放进耳朵里。

so…that…/ such…that… 如此以至于, 引导结果状语从句, so后接形容词或副词原级。例如:

①so adj./adv. that…

②such a/an adj 单数可数名词 that…

③such adj 复数可数名词/不可数名词 that 从句…

注意:遇到两多两少 much/ many/ few/ little 只能用 so…that…

6.The new couple were so happy that they couldn’t stop smiling when they got married. 这对新婚夫妇如此高兴以至于他们结婚时止不住地微笑。

(1)marry当“结婚”讲时,一般用get married或be married来表示结婚这件事。例如:

My best friend got married last weekend.

我最好的朋友上个周末结婚了。

(2)get/be married to sb. 意为“和某人结婚”。例如:

She got married to a boss.

=She was married to a boss.

她和一个老板结婚了。

(3)marry sb.意思是“嫁, 娶”,例如:

Jane married John ten years ago.

十年前简嫁给了约翰。

Section B

(一)词汇学习

1.gold n. 金子 adj. 金色的

I have a gold ring.

我有一个金戒指。

The king gave the honest farmer much gold.

国王给这位城市的农民很多金子。

2.wife n. 妻子

wife的复数形式为wives。

f, -fe结尾的名词变复数时, 将-f,-fe变为-v, 再加es。

巧记一-f,-fe结尾的单词:

妻子wife持刀knife去砍狼wolf,

一个小偷thief着了慌,

躲在架shelf后保己命,

半half数树叶落了光。

3.whole adj. 全部的,整体的

whole 一般位于冠词、物主代词或限定词之后,其结构为“冠词/物主代词/限定词 whole 单数名词”。

He spent the whole day writing.

他写了整整一天。

4.shine v. 发光,照耀

过去式及过去分词为shone。

还可作名词,意为“光亮,光泽”。

This shampoo will give your hair a lovely shine.

这种洗发水可使你的头发润泽光亮。

5.voice n. 声音

一般指嗓音或说话、唱歌发出的声音。

Please keep your voice loud.

请你说话声音大些。

(二)句型学习

1.The emperor had to give them silk and gold, but they kept everything for themselves.

皇帝不得不给他们丝绸和金子, 但是他们都把这一切据为己有

(1)silk为不可数名词, 意为“丝绸”; gold为不可数名词, 意为“金子”。例如:

The princess bought some wonderful silk with gold.

公主用金子买了些精美丝绸。

(2)keep sth. for oneself 意为“为某人自己保留某物”。例如:

I will keep this bag for myself.

我将为自己保留这个包。

keep sth. to oneself 意为“保守秘密”。例如:

Could you please keep this secret for yourself?

请你保守这个秘密, 好吗?

2.They were trying to cheat the emperor.

他们正试图欺骗皇帝。

(1)cheat动词, 意为“欺骗; 蒙骗; 作弊”, 常用短语为:

①cheat sb. 意为“欺骗某人”;

②cheat sb. of sth. 意为“骗取某人的某物”。例如:

They cheated the old woman of her house and money.

他们骗取了老妇人的房屋和钱财。

cheat还作名词, 意为“骗子, 欺骗行为”。例如:

She is a shameless cheat.

她是个无耻的骗子。

3.The wife told her husband that unless he left the children to die in the forest, the whole family would die.

妻子告诉她丈夫除非他把孩子们留在森林里死掉, 否则一家人都会被饿死。

(1)leave sb./sth. 介词短语, 意为“把某人或某物遗留在某地”, leave在此意为“遗留, 遗忘”, 其过去式为left。例如:

Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen after dinner.

饭后不要把脏餐具留在厨房。

(2)all与whole的区别

all可以修饰各类名词, 限定词要放在all之后。即all 限定词 名词:all the money所有的钱

whole常修饰具有整体意义的单数名词, 且限定词要放在whole之前。即限定词 whole 名词:the whole class全班

当复数可数名词前有具体的数量词时, 则可以用whole:

three whole days/all three days三整天

4.Look! It’s leading us to that wonderful house made of bread, cake and sugar. 看! 它正引导我们去那个由面包、蛋糕和糖做成的漂亮的房子。

(1)lead意为“带路; 领路”, 过去式为led, 常用短语为lead sb. to someplace意为“领某人到某地”。例如:

I led Linda to my school yesterday.

昨天我带琳达去我学校了。

(2)(be)made of...意为“由……制成”。例如:

The sweater is made of wool.

这件毛衣是羊毛做

be made of和be made from的区别

①be made of表示制成成品后, 仍可看出原材料是什么, 保留原材料的质和形状, 制作过程仅发生物理变化。例如:

The kite is made of paper.

这个风筝是用纸做的。

②be made from表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征, 或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化, 在成品中已无法辨认。例如:

Butter is made from milk.

黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。

5.Who is brave enough to eat my house?

谁这么大胆敢吃我的房子?

(1)enough用作副词, 意为“充足地, 足够地”, 修饰形容词或副词, 置于这些词的后面。

(2)adj. enough to do意为“做某事是足够……的”。例如:

The man is strong enough to carry the heavy box.

这位男士足够强壮, 能够搬动这个重箱子。

(3)enough的不同用法

(1)enough可作形容词, 意为“足够的, 充足的”, 修饰名词, 置于名词的前后均可, 但一般放在前面。例如:

Don’t worry. We have enough time to do the job.

不要担心, 我们有足够的时间去做工作。

(2)adj. enough to do sth.常可与too...to.. 或so...that.. 相互转化。

6.They could see the stones because of the shining moon. The stones showed them the way home.

因为月光, 他们能够看到石头, 石头指引他们回家的路。

(1)because of意为“因为, 由于”, 其后常接名词或名词短语。例如:

He didn’t go to school because of his illness.

他因为生病没有去上学。

(2)show作动词, 意为“展示, 指示”,常用短语为show sb. sth.或show sth.to sb., 意为“让某人看某物, 向某人展示某物”。例如:

Could you show me your ID card?

你可以让我看一下你的身份证吗?

7.They heard the voice of an old woman coming from the house. 他们听到来自房间里的一位老妇人的声音。

hear作动词, 意为”听到”。常用结构:

hear sb.doing sth. 意为“听到某人正做某事”。例如:

We heard a girl singing in the next room.

我们听到隔壁房间里有个女孩正在唱歌。

hear sb. do sth. 意为“听到某人做了某事或经常做某事”。例如:

I often hear him complain about too much homework.

我经常听到他抱怨太多的作业。

感官动词如see, hear, watch, feel, notice等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时, 通常不带to。例如:

They saw the thief cross the street just now.

他们看到那个小偷刚刚穿过了街道。

Unit 7知识清单

一、重点短语

1. feel free (to do...)(可以)随便(做某事)

2. as far as I know 就我所知

3. take in... 吸入......

4. risk one’s life 冒着生命危险

5. in the face of... 面对(问题、困难等)

6. even though 即使,虽然(=even if)

7. at birth 出生时

8. up to... 到达(某数量、程度等);至少有...... (Up to now,迄今为止)

9. fall over 绊倒

10. ... or so 大约

11.die from... 死于......

二、重点词法

1. protect v. 保护

protect sb./sth. from… 保护某人/物免受…...

An umbrella can protect you from the rain.

雨伞可以保护你不受雨淋。

2. succeed v. 成功

succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事

They succeeded in climbing the highest mountain in the world.

他们成功地登上了世界上最高的山峰。

success n. 成功

successful adj. 成功的

successfully adv. 成功地

3. achieve v. 达到,完成

achieve one’s dream

= make one’s dream come true

实现某人的梦想

We should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.

我们永远不能放弃实现梦想。

achievement n. 成就

They were proud of their children’s achievements.

他们对孩子的成就感到自豪

4.population n.人口

(1) population直接作主语时意为“人口数”,这时谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

The population of this city is six million.

这个城市的人口是600万。

=This city has a population of six million.

=This city has six million people.

(2)询问“某地有多少人口”要用“What…?”或“How large…?”提问,不用how many或how much等词语。例如:

What's the population of Germany?

=How large is the population of Germany?

德国的人口是多少?

(3) 表示人口“多”要用large或big修饰,表示人口“少”要用small修饰。例如:

10,000 years ago,the world's population was very small.

一万年前世界人口很少。

The population of China is much larger than that of the USA.

中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。

5.awake adj. 醒着

◆作表语。例如:

They aren’t awake yet. 他们还没醒呢。

◆作宾语补足语 例如:

The noise was keeping everyone awake.

喧闹声吵得大家都睡不着。

◆作后置定语 例如:

He was the only person awake at the moment.

他是那时唯一醒着的人

其动词形式为wake,意为“唤醒;弄醒”,常用词组为“wake up”,wake up是动副词词组,代词放在中间。例如:

Please wake me up at 7:00.

请于七点钟叫醒我。

6.remain v.仍然是; 保持不变; 剩余; 遗留

(1)用作连系动词,指某人或某事物仍保持某种状态,意为“一直保持、仍然(处于某种状态)、继续存在、依然”,后面可接形容词。例如:

When we are in danger, we should remain calm.

当我们处于危险之中,我们应该保持冷静。

(2)remain用作不及物动词,意为“遗留;剩余”。例如:

Only a few leaves remained on the tree.

树上只剩下几片叶子了。

(3)remain 作名词时,表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式。例如:

The remains of a meal can be given to a pig.

残汤剩饭可以喂猪。

(4)remaining 是形容词,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语;而left则只能作后置定语。例如:

There are only 5 books left.

只剩下五本书了。

He bought me a gift with the remaining money.

他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。

三、重点句型

1. China is over 5,000 years old. It has a much longer history than the US. 中国有超过5千年的历史,这比美国历史要久远得多。

(1)修饰比较级是副词much的常见用法,“much 比较级”的意思是“更……”“……得多”,例如:

It’s much colder today than it was yesterday.

今天比昨天冷得多。

(2)比较常见的可以修饰比较级的词还有a little (一点); a bit (有点); a lot (更); even(甚至)等。例如:

It is a little colder today than yesterday.

今天比昨天稍微冷一点。

(3)very, too 与quite等程度副词只能修饰形容词原级,不能修饰比较级。例如:

The book is very interesting.

这本书很有趣。

(4)"have/has a history of 时间" 有...... 历史。

2. One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. 世界上最危险的运动之一是登山运动,并且最受欢迎的登山地点之一是喜马拉雅山。

One of 形容词的最高级 名词复数,表示“最……之一”,谓语动词用单数。例如:

One of the most careful girls in my class is Rose.

在我班最细心的女孩之一是Rose。

3.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.成年熊猫一天花费12个多小时吃大约10公斤竹子。

spend,cost, take 与pay的用法区别

(1) spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:

◆spend time / money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例如:

I spent two hours on this math problem.

这道数学题花了我两个小时。

◆spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例如:

They spent two years (in) building this bridge.

造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

(2) cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”, 常用于句型"sth. costs (sb.) +金钱"某物花了(某人)多少钱。例如:

A new computer costs me a lot of money.

买一台新电脑要花我一大笔钱。

(3) take后面常跟双宾语,常用于句型 It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例如:

It took them three years to build this road.

他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

(4) pay常用于句型 pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例如:

I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.

我每个月要付20英磅的房租。

4. Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the remaining forests.

科学家说现在有不足2000只熊猫住在现存的森林里。

“There be”是英语中最常见的又是非常重要的句型,它是表示“存在”的一种基本方式,其句型结构通常为:There be sb. / sth. doing sth. 例如:

There is a dog lying under the tree.

在树下有一只狗躺着。

四、重点语法---形容词副词的最高级

1. 定义: 对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较

2. 结构: the 形容词最高级 /(the) 副词最高级

3. 形容词/副词最高级的规则变化:和比较级变化一致;-er 换成 -est

4. 最高级句型

1)最高级+in/of .. (in 范围,of 对象)“…中最…”。

She is the most beautiful girl in her class. /of these three girls.

她是班里/三个女孩中最漂亮的女孩

2)one of the adj.最高级 名词复数, “最…...的之一”。

The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.

尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一。

3)Who / Which … 最高级, A,B or C?

“谁/哪一个最, A,B 还是 C?”。

Which do you like best, tea, coffee or juice?

你最喜欢哪个,茶,咖啡还是果汁?

【巩固—原级比较级】

1. 同级比较:

1)肯定形式:as…(形容词原级) as... 和…一样。

2)否定形式:not as /so …(形容词原级) as...,......不如......。

2. 比较级:

1)比较级+than... 比......更......。

Our house is smaller than yours.

我们的房子比你的小。

2)The 比较级…, the 比较级… 越......, 越...... 。

The busier he is, the happier he feels.

他越忙,越开心。

3) 比较级+and+比较级,越来越... 。

It’s getting warmer and warmer.

天气变得越来越暖和。

4) Who/Which…比较级,A or B? 谁/哪一个更.., A 还是 B?

Who is taller, Lisa or her sister?

谁更高, Lisa 还是她姐姐?

Unit 8知识清单

一、重点单词

1.treasure n.珠宝;财富

2.island n. 岛 on the island 在岛上

3.introduce...(to...)v.(向......)介绍......

4.technology n. 科技,工艺

5.actually adv. 真实地,事实上(=in fact)

6.mark v.做记号,打分 n.迹象,记号,分数

high marks 高分;low marks 低分

marker n.记号笔

7.towards... prep.朝......,对着......

8.abroad adv.在国外

9.success n.成功

succeed (in doing) v.成功(做某事)

successful adj.成功的

successfully adv.成功地

10.record /ˈrekɔːd/n.唱片 /rɪˈkɔːd/ v.录制

二、重点短语

1.be full of... 满是…的;(有)大量的......;(有)丰富的......

2.at least... 至少......;at most... 至多......

3.hurry up 赶快

4.can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事

5e to realize... 逐渐意识到......

6.ever since... 自从......

7.such as... 例如......

8.belong to ...属于......(belong to me)

9.due to ... 由于;因为......

10.one another 互相

三、重点词法

1.hurry vt.&n.匆忙

①hurry up 赶快

②hurry to 地点 赶紧去某地

③in a hurry 立即,迅速

课文原文链接:

You should hurry up. The book report is due in two weeks.

你要赶快了,读书报告两周后就到了该交的时间了。

2.make v.使得

①make sb adj. 使某人怎么样

②make sb n. 使某人成为…

③make sb do. 让某人做 (动词不定式不带to)

课文原文链接:

The beast made the beauty stay with him, and he wanted to make her his wife. This made the beauty very sad.

野兽让美女陪着他,他想让美女成为他的妻子。这让美女很伤心。

3.else adj.其他的

①接在疑问词和不定代词后

②近义词:other(其他的) other 名词

课文原文链接:

Who else is on my island?

在我的岛上还有其他什么人?

4. another adj.& n.另一,又一,再一

①another 名词单数:(很多个中的)另外一个;

②another 数词(>1) 名词复数:又,再,还;

③辨析:“其他的”another/the other(s) /other(s)

another 单数名词,表示“许多个中的另外一个”;

the other 单数名词,表示“两者中的另外一个”;

the other 复数名词=the others,表示“其他的(特指)”;

other 复数名词=others,表示“其他的(泛指)”。

常见搭配:

one…, the other… 一个......另一个......

some…, others… 一些......另一些......

课文原文链接:

So I will not give up and I will wait for another ship.

所以我不会放弃,我会等待另一艘船。

四、重点语法—现在完成时(表过去的动作对现在的影响)

1.定义:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

2.基本结构:have/has done(动词过去分词)

3.句型:

①肯定句:主 have/has done 其他.

②否定句:主 haven’t/hasn’t done 其他.

③一般疑问句:

Have/ Has 主语 done 其他?

回答:

Yes, 主语 have/has.

No, 主语 haven’t/hasn’t.

④特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问词 have 主语 done 其他?

⑤缩写:

have not = haven’t

has not = hasn’t

he has = he’s

I have = I’ve

例句:

① I have finished reading Treasure Island.

我已经读完了《金银岛》。

② I haven’t finished reading Treasure Island.

我还未读完了《金银岛》。

③--Have you finished reading Treasure Island?

--你读完了《金银岛》么?

--Yes, I have.

--是的,我已经读完了。

-No, I haven’t.

-不,我还没读完。

④What have you finished reading?

你读完了什么?

4. 动词过去分词形式(规则变化):

①一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

②以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。

visit---visited---visited

live---lived---lived

③ 以“辅音字母 y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。

study---studied-studied

stay---stayed---stayed

④重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写末尾字母,再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped

5. 时间标志词:

just: 刚刚 (放句中 have 后面)

already: 已经 (放句中 have 后或句尾)

yet:尚未/已经 (放在句末,用于一般疑问句或否定句当中)

一、重点单词

1.treasure n.珠宝;财富

2.island n. 岛 on the island 在岛上

3.introduce...(to...)v.(向......)介绍......

4.technology n. 科技,工艺

5.actually adv. 真实地,事实上(=in fact)

6.mark v.做记号,打分 n.迹象,记号,分数

high marks 高分;low marks 低分

marker n.记号笔

7.towards... prep.朝......,对着......

8.abroad adv.在国外

9.success n.成功

succeed (in doing) v.成功(做某事)

successful adj.成功的

successfully adv.成功地

10.record /ˈrekɔːd/n.唱片 /rɪˈkɔːd/ v.录制

二、重点短语

1.be full of... 满是…的;(有)大量的......;(有)丰富的......

2.at least... 至少......;at most... 至多......

3.hurry up 赶快

4.can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事

5e to realize... 逐渐意识到......

6.ever since... 自从......

7.such as... 例如......

8.belong to ...属于......(belong to me)

9.due to ... 由于;因为......

10.one another 互相

三、重点词法

1.hurry vt.&n.匆忙

①hurry up 赶快

②hurry to 地点 赶紧去某地

③in a hurry 立即,迅速

课文原文链接:

You should hurry up. The book report is due in two weeks.

你要赶快了,读书报告两周后就到了该交的时间了。

2.make v.使得

①make sb adj. 使某人怎么样

②make sb n. 使某人成为…

③make sb do. 让某人做 (动词不定式不带to)

课文原文链接:

The beast made the beauty stay with him, and he wanted to make her his wife. This made the beauty very sad.

野兽让美女陪着他,他想让美女成为他的妻子。这让美女很伤心。

3.else adj.其他的

①接在疑问词和不定代词后

②近义词:other(其他的) other 名词

课文原文链接:

Who else is on my island?

在我的岛上还有其他什么人?

4. another adj.& n.另一,又一,再一

①another 名词单数:(很多个中的)另外一个;

②another 数词(>1) 名词复数:又,再,还;

③辨析:“其他的”another/the other(s) /other(s)

another 单数名词,表示“许多个中的另外一个”;

the other 单数名词,表示“两者中的另外一个”;

the other 复数名词=the others,表示“其他的(特指)”;

other 复数名词=others,表示“其他的(泛指)”。

常见搭配:

one…, the other… 一个......另一个......

some…, others… 一些......另一些......

课文原文链接:

So I will not give up and I will wait for another ship.

所以我不会放弃,我会等待另一艘船。

四、重点语法—现在完成时(表过去的动作对现在的影响)

1.定义:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

2.基本结构:have/has done(动词过去分词)

3.句型:

①肯定句:主 have/has done 其他.

②否定句:主 haven’t/hasn’t done 其他.

③一般疑问句:

Have/ Has 主语 done 其他?

回答:

Yes, 主语 have/has.

No, 主语 haven’t/hasn’t.

④特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问词 have 主语 done 其他?

⑤缩写:

have not = haven’t

has not = hasn’t

he has = he’s

I have = I’ve

例句:

① I have finished reading Treasure Island.

我已经读完了《金银岛》。

② I haven’t finished reading Treasure Island.

我还未读完了《金银岛》。

③--Have you finished reading Treasure Island?

--你读完了《金银岛》么?

--Yes, I have.

--是的,我已经读完了。

-No, I haven’t.

-不,我还没读完。

④What have you finished reading?

你读完了什么?

4. 动词过去分词形式(规则变化):

①一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

②以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。

visit---visited---visited

live---lived---lived

③ 以“辅音字母 y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。

study---studied-studied

stay---stayed---stayed

④重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写末尾字母,再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped

5. 时间标志词:

just: 刚刚 (放句中 have 后面)

already: 已经 (放句中 have 后或句尾)

yet:尚未/已经 (放在句末,用于一般疑问句或否定句当中)

Unt 10知识清单

一、重点短语

1. regard with great interest

以极大的兴趣关注着

2. in order to 为了

3. so far 迄今;到现在为止

4. in need 需要

5. not.. anymore 不再……

6. one last thing 最后一样东西

7. clear out 清理

8. part with 与……分开

9. to be honest 说实在的

10. bring back sweet memories

勾起甜美的回忆

11. give away 捐赠

12. do with... 处置;处理

13. search for work 找工作

14. stay the same 保持原状

15. according to 依据;按照

16. in one’s opinion 依……看

17. in my time 在我那个年代

二、重点句型

1. How long have you... ?

How long have you had that bike over there?

2. sb. has/have done sth. for...

Amy has had her favorite book for three years. 艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3 年了。

3. sb. has/have done sth. since...

He’s owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他4 岁生日起,他拥有这个东西了。

4. Some… Others...

Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. 有些人仍然住在家乡。然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。

5. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest,I have not played for a while now.

至于我,我不想放弃我的足球衣。但是,说实在的,我现在巳经有一段时间没踢了。

6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?

你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西?

7. What would you do with the money you raise? 你会怎么处理你所筹集到的钱?

三、重点语法 现在完成时(since,for)

01 词汇讲解

1. for/since

(1)for与表示一段时间的词连用,表示“做某事多长时间了”,常用于现在完成时,表示从过去某时开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。for所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。例如:

I’ve lived in China for two years. 我住在中国两年了。

I’ve known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他20多年了。

(2)since作连词,引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句常用完成时。例如:

I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。

I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。

since还可以作介词,连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间 ago。例如:

She has been ill since last weekend.

她自从上周末就病了。

She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.

自从四年前她就在武汉。

2. maker

maker是名词,意为“生产者;制造者”,是由“动词make 后缀-r”构成的。英语中,表示职业或身份的名词小结:

(1)以-ist结尾的有:

pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家

physicist物理学家 scientist科学家

(2)以-er,-r或-or结尾的有:

teacher教师 painter画家

writer作家 singer歌唱家

visitor参观者 actor演员

engineer工程师 inventor发明家

professor教授 reporter记者

(3)以-man结尾的有:

postman邮递员 policeman警察

businessman商人 spaceman宇航员

fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工

(4)以-ian结尾的有:

musician音乐家 politician政治家

3. certain

certain作形容词,意为“某种;某事;某人”。例如:

He decided to sell his certain books.

他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。

【拓展】certain作形容词,意为“确定的;无疑的”,相当于sure,对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中:

be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握

be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事

be certain / sure that从句 确信…… 例如:

They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。

I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。

4. a 46-year-old husband and father

46-year-old是复合形容词,这种形容词有两个特点:一是词与词之间要用连字符连接;二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。例如:

a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子

【拓展】岁数的表达方式小结:

(1)基数词 years old。例如:

He is 8 years old. 他八岁了。

(2)基础词-year-old。例如:

Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。

(3)名词 of 基础词。例如:

Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。

(4)at the age of 基数词。例如:

She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。

5.shame

shame是不可数名词,意为“羞耻;羞愧;惭愧”。可与不定冠词a连用,表示“可耻的人或事;可惜(遗憾)的事”。例如:

He felt no shame for what he had done.

他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。

It’s a shame that you can’t stay for dinner.

你不能留下吃晚饭,真遗憾。

【拓展】shame常见的短语有:

feel shame at…因……而感到羞愧

in shame羞愧地

have no shame无羞耻心

with shame羞愧地

to one’s shame令某人感到羞愧的是

bring shame on使丢脸

6. regard

regard作及物动词,意为“注视;注意;认作”。常用短语regard…as…意为“将……视为……;把……当作……”,as为介词,其后可接名词或代词。例如:

I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最好的朋友。

We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。

7. opposite

(1)opposite作介词,意为“在……对面”,相当于across from,常与名词一起构成介词短语,表方位。例如:

They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。

(2)opposite作形容词,意为“另一边的;对面的;相反的”。例如:

We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。

(3)opposite作副词,意为“在对面”。例如:

There’s an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。

(4)opposite作名词,意为“相反的人或物;对立面”,常与介词of一起使用。例如:

“Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。

8. consider

consider作动词,意为“考虑、认为”,它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语。

Please consider my suggestion.

请考虑我的建议。

Why don’t you consider visiting Qing Dao?

你为什么不考虑去青岛参观?

I consider that he is a selfish man.

我认为他是一个自私的人。

【拓展】

后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳:

完成,实践,值得,忙(finish,practice, be worth, be busy);

考虑,建议,不禁,想(consider,suggest, can’t help, feel like);

错过,习惯,(别)放弃(miss, beused to, give up);

继续,喜欢,(要)介意(keep on,enjoy, mind)。

02句式讲解

1. How long have you had that bike over there?

how long意为“多长时间”,询问某一动作或状态持续了多久,故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或

表示状态的连系动词。例如:

How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了?

How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久?

【拓展】how long;how often; how soon的辨析:

how long

表示“多长时间”,主要对时间段提问。例如:

— How long is he staying?

他打算待多久?

— He’s staying for a week.

他打算待一个星期。

how often

表示“多久一次”,主要对频率进行提问。例如:

— How often do you watch TV?

你多久看一次电视?

— Twice a week.

一周两次。

how soon

意为“还要多久”,多用在一般将来时中。例如:

— How soon will he be back?

他要多久才回来?

— In an hour.

一小时以后。

2. Because I don’t read it any more.

not…any more意为“不再”。not常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,any more常位于句末,相当于no more。no more常位于句中,放在be动词之后,实义动词之前,两者经常可以互换。例如:

He doesn’t live here any more.

= He no more lives here.

他不再住在这里了。

【拓展】

表示“不再”的词还有not…any longer或no longer。二者的区别在于:

(1)not…any more = no more,表示数量或程度上的“不再”增加,通常修饰终止性动词。例如:

The baby isn’t crying any more.

= The baby is no more crying.

这个婴儿不再哭了。

(2)no longer = not…any longer表示时间或距离上的“不再”延长,通常修饰延续性的动词。例如:

I can’t stand it any longer. 我对此再也不能忍受下去了。

3. Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.

It is/was adj. to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”,to do sth.为句子的真正的主语,而it为形式主语,形式主语不能用别的词来代替,句中可在形容词后加for sb.,意为“对于某人来说,做某事是……的”。例如:

It’s important for us to learn a foreign language.

对我们来说,学习一门外语是相当重要的。

It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables.

对我们来说,多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。

【拓展】

这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别:

(1)在It’s adj. for sb. to do sth. 中,for sb.意为“对某人来说”,句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的,形式主语只能用it。例如:

It’s necessary for the students to do some housework.

对于学生们来说,做些家务是十分必要的。

(2)在It’s adj. of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”,句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构,即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.(某人)的。例如:

It’s very kind of you to help us.

你能帮助我们真是太好了。

4. Jim has been in Japan for three days.

(1)been是be动词的过去分词形式。

(2)have been in 是be in的现在完成时形式,一般与段时间状语连用。例如:

He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院已经有两个月了。

【拓展】have been to; have been in 与have gone to的辨析:

(1)“have/ has been to 地点”表示“去过某地”,现在已经回来了。例如:

I’ve been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次。

(2)“have/has been in 地点”表示“在某地待了一段时间”。例如:

He’s been in this school for two years. 他在这所学校待了两年了。

(3)“have/has gone to 地点”表示“到某事去了”,现在还没有回来,可能在去的途中,也可能在那里或返回的途中。例如:

—Where’s Wei Hua? 魏华在哪里?

—She has gone to the zoo. 她到动物园去了。

5. But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.

这是一个复合句,some things至句末为宾语从句,作thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包含由and连接的两个分句,在第二个分句中,“that holds all his childhood memories”是定语从句,修饰先行词place。关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词指物时,关系代词可用that或which,当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词that或which也可省略。例如:

I like clothes that/which are unusual.

我喜欢与众不同的衣服。

Pass me the book(that/which) you bought for me yesterday.

把你昨天给我买的那本书递给我。

【话题写作】

某英文报举办“家乡的变化”主题征文活动。请你根据以下提示,“The changes in my hometown”为题,用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。

过去:

生活贫困,房屋破旧。污染严重,垃圾遍地。交通不便,游客很少。

现在:

住房宽敞明亮,许多人有了自己的汽车。山更绿了,水更清了,天更蓝了。每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。

将来:

请你展望家乡的未来。

【优秀满分范文】

The Changes In My Hometown

In the past, my hometown was very small, and people lived a poor life. The houses were old and small. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not convenient, so few visitors came here.

Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. The environment has become more beautiful. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are clearer and the sky are bluer. There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. Every year , thousands of people from all over the world come to ourcity.

I’m sure it will get richer and more beautiful in the future. I love my hometown.

,

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