粮食产业化高质量高效益发展项目（农业和粮食系统是实现碳中和的重中之重）

近日，应对气候变化“碳中和3060”论坛在北京举行。在“气候治理的战略布局与政策推动圆桌论坛”上，联合国粮农组织⾸席代表⽂康农作了主旨发言。他表示，农业和粮食系统在应对气候变化，实现碳中和目标方面发挥着非常重要的作用。粮农组织希望与各界携手，更好地部署粮食生产，为人类带来更好的环境，提供更好的营养，为所有人带来美好的生活，不让任何一个人掉队。

联合国粮农组织⾸席代表⽂康农

根据政府间气候变化专门委员会的一份报告显示，农业、林业和其他的土地利用造成了将近四分之一的温室气体排放，而粮食系统占据了温室气体排放的37%。与此同时，农业和粮食系统极易受到气候变化的影响。极端天气，病虫害的蔓延，生物多样性的丧失，生态系统退化和水资源短缺，都会加剧全球变暖。

对此，⽂康农认为，农业和粮食系统的转型是至关重要的，应当适应气候变化，来减少对于自然资源的浪费。这样的变革要取得成功，必须要有创新。

⽂康农称，一直以来，粮农组织都在支持创新性的农业发展，生态系统和生物多性的恢复，并且抵御气候变化的风险。在中国，粮农组织还一直致力于促进气候智能型农业，这样的农业发展方法可以改变和调整农业系统，让它们更加适应气候变化，有效地支持在气候变化当中的粮食安全。他还透露，气候智能型的农业目前已经得到了很好的发展。

据悉，应对气候变化“碳中和3060”论坛由宁夏宝丰能源集团、清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院、北京大学能源研究院、中信证券联合举办。国内外“碳中和”领域知名院士、专家学者、商业领袖，以及国际机构和投资机构代表等300余名嘉宾汇聚一堂，为应对气候变化，推进人类可持续发展，以及碳中和目标的达成探讨有效解决方案。

另据了解，宝丰能源将力争用10年完成企业50%碳减排，用20年实现企业碳中和目标。顺应时代发展，公司坚持将科技创新作为第一引擎，加快企业转型升级，启动新能源替代化石能源发展战略，以科技赋能工艺升级，提高转化率、降低能耗；推动装备升级，扩大生产规模、降低消耗、减少碳排放；加速原料的替代，立足源头治理，实现碳中和；加快多产业链条拓展延伸，促进循环经济绿色低碳发展。目前，公司实施的全球最大的太阳能制氢正式投产，标志着宝丰能源用新能源替代化石能源的“碳中和”之路全线开启。公司每年利用自有折旧资金，不断提高资源转化率、降低生产成本、扩展上游原料空间、置换出环境容量。力争成为行业率先实现“碳中和”的企业，用一束光替代一块煤生产一匹布，着力打造世界一流的科技型绿色智造企业。

以下是文康农的演讲原文：

I'm pleased to join the forum and impressed by the speeches given by the leading experts on how to achieve the ambitious goal of realizing carbon neutrality by 2060 in China.

While industrial sector and energy sector play a key role for achieving carbon neutrality, as the Representative of UN Food and Agriculture Organization in China, I would like to underline the very important role of agriculture and food systems to combat climate change (and will briefly share with you FAO's work in this area).

At global level, it is estimated that Food and agriculture needs to produce 49 percent more food by 2050, which is already a major driver of climate change. Agriculture, forestry and other land use cause almost one quarter of greenhouse gas emissions, while food systems contribute up to 37 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions, according to the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

At the same time, agriculture and food systems are hugely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

Climate impacts - such as extreme weather events, spreading pests and diseases, loss of biodiversity, degrading ecosystems, and water scarcity will worsen as the planet warms.

FAO’s State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture 2019, laid out how climate change will accelerate the loss of the ecosystems and Biodiversity that provide the foundations for human existence, including food production.

Climate change is threatening food safety and food security.

On this planet we have more than 84 percent small farmers, including Chinese farmers. The burden of the impacts of climate change affects particularly small-scale farmers, small and medium enterprises and poor consumers.

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 cited the changing climate as a key driver behind a rise in the number of hungry people – which rose to over 820 million in 2018.

Agriculture and food systems make a huge contribution to climate action.

The food and agricultural sectors need to be at the center of our global response to climate change. Around 90 percent of commitments under the Paris Agreement include the agricultural sectors.

Agricultural and food system transformation is crucial, which should become adaptive to climate change, less wasteful of natural resources and capable of delivering healthy diets for all.

Such transformation of agriculture and food systems can only succeed if it harnesses innovation. And engaging the private sector in adaptation and mitigation efforts is of crucial importance, which has the power to drive change through transfer of knowledge and with the required financial resources.

FAO – in coordination and in collaboration with the other agencies – is supporting governments and stakeholders for an agriculture and food system transformation at multiple levels.

I would like to give you some practical examples.

·FAO – in close collaboration with the UNFCCC and other key actors – is supporting agricultural adaptation and mitigation strategies through inter alia the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture.

·FAO supports countries in integrating their agri-food sector in National Adaptation Plans and Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement, from policy design to improved practices and capacity development.

·FAO is also promoting digital farming and digital rural development to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while increasing agriculture productivity and income.

·Over 300 projects and programmes have addressed climate change adaptation and mitigation in the agricultural sectors since 2009.

FAO’s work on climate change in China

China’s agricultural production has grown by nearly 5% per year since the late 1970s. This has enabled China to feed nearly 20% of the world’s population with only 5% of the world’s freshwater and 8% of global arable land. At the same time, China’s agriculture is a major emitter of greenhouse gases. Total GHG emissions from the food system, from production to consumption, are estimated to represent about 20-25% of China’s total national emissions or 4-5% of total global emissions.

Meanwhile, China’s agricultural production systems are highly vulnerable to climate change, which is already significantly impacting agricultural production in China, most notably through the occurrence, development and damage caused by disease and pests, and by affecting the growth, development and yield of crops.

China is active in promoting the reduction of agricultural emissions and has valuable experience in doing so. National agricultural development plans have directly or indirectly worked to bring about early peak carbon and carbon neutrality.

FAO has the honor to have witnessed and supported the agricultural sector development over the years. Working with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) and other national stakeholders, FAO-China has been supporting innovative approaches for agriculture development, revitalization of ecosystem and biodiversity, as well resilience to climate change risks.

·FAO is committed to promoting Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in the country, an approach that helps to guide actions needed to transform and reorient agricultural systems to effectively support development and ensure food security in a changing climate. The climate-smart agriculture has been mainstreamed and strengthened through policy advocacy, information exchange as well as field programmes in different part of the country.

·Supported by Global Environmental Facility (GEF), FAO is working with MARA to facilitate the innovative transformation of China’s agro-landscapes and agri-food value chains towards environmental and ecological sustainability at scale in support of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), rural revitalization, ecological civilization, and climate resilience. It is estimated that the project interventions will result in direct and indirect GHG emissions mitigated (carbon sequestered or emissions avoided) of 6 million tons of CO2equivalent.

·Collaborating with National Forest and Grassland Administration (NFGA), FAO with GEF support is working in four Chinese provinces to effectively employ incentive-based sustainable forest management (SFM) practices in reforestation and forest restoration activities, enhancing car-bon storage and sequestration as well as biodiversity conservation.

Just to name a few.

To conclude, let me stress that, agriculture and food systems must play a central role in addressing climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. FAO provide the information, the experience and the tools that can turn the climate commitments into actions.

But no organization can achieve this transformation alone. FAO stand ready to partner with you in this ambitious transformation for Better Production, Better Nutrition, Better Environment, and Better life, leaving no one behind.

Thank you.