高中英语语法定语从句知识点总结（高考英语定语从句解题方法）

高考定语从句中常见的八大盲点

盲点一：先行词为时间，关系词不一定选when, 为地点，关系词不一定选where.

具体例题如下：

1. Is this the factory __________ he workedten years ago?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

2. Is this the factory __________ youvisited the other day?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

3. Is this factory __________ some foreignfriends visited last Friday?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

盲点二：where作为关系词时，先行词已经被抽象成地点名词.

具体例题如下：

【2009北京卷】

4.–What do you think of teaching, Bob?

–I find it funand challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious butinteresting.

A. where B. Which C. When D. That

逐一击破：这里的先行词是a job，尽管表面上看不是地点名词，但是在后面定语从句中充当的确是地点状语，在后面定语从句中还原之后有you are doing something serious but interesting in the job,所以关系词应为where. 再来看一道：

【2009福建卷】

5.It’s helpful to put children in asituation _______ they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

逐一击破：这里的先行词是a situation，尽管表面上看不是地点名词，但是在后面定语从句中充当的确是地点状语，在后面定语从句中还原之后有they can see themselves differently in the situation,所以关系词应为where. 类似的例题大家可以参卷09年重庆卷的第34题，09年浙江卷的第14题。

黄金玉律：常见的容易被抽象成地点名词的有the case,thesituation, the point,the job, the race等等。

盲点三：先行词和关系词被阻隔而导致先行词模糊不清

【2009四川卷】

6. She’ll never forget her stay there________she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

逐一击破：很多考生之所以误选C是因为把先行词看成了there,殊不知定语从句的定义为：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，修饰的主体一定要是名词或者是代词，而there却是个副词，真正的先行词实际上是her stay.stay作名词时表示“逗留期间”，还原到后面的定语从句中有she found her son who had gone missing two years before during herstay，可以看出在定语从句中充当时间状语，所以答案选D,再来看一道：

【2009江苏卷】

7. Because of the financial crisis, daysare gone _ _ local 5-star hotelscharged 6,000 yuan for one night.

A. if B. when C. which D. since

逐一击破：这里真正的先行词是days,只不过已经被谓语动词 are gone 给阻隔，它在后面定语从句中充当时间状语，即： local 5-starhotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night during those days. 所以答案选B，再看一题：

【2009浙江卷】

8. I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of myown.

Awhich B where C how D why

逐一击破：这里真正的先行词是a point,只不过已经被介词短语in my life给阻隔，它在后面定语从句中充当时间状语，意为关头，时候，即 I amsupposed to make decisions of my own in that point. 所以答案选B.

黄金玉律：整个高中阶段定语从句中先行词和关系词被阻隔一般分为三种情况：1.被副词阻隔(第6题)2.被谓语动词阻隔(第7题)3.被介词短语阻隔(第8题)

盲点四：定语从句和强调句型区分不清

【2006 北京卷】

11.The seaside here draws a lot of touristsevery summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make______it is.

A what B which C how D where

逐一击破：此句中我们发现前面主句Warm sunshine and softsands make 中缺少一个表语(make在此为连系动词，连系动词后接表语)，而后面句子it is 也缺少一个表语,把what分解成the things that,前面的the things补充好前面句子中所缺的表语成分，后面的that 补充好后面句子中所缺的表语成分，道理如上。

黄金玉律：定语从句和what引导的名词性从句最大的差别在于：定语从句的主句肯定是完整的，而what引导的名词性从句主句和从句肯定缺少主语/宾语/表语这样的成分，通过仔细分析句子成分，机关容易被识破。

盲点六：定语从句和同位语从句区分不清

【2002上海卷】

盲点八：as 与that 结构混淆不清

如果被修饰的名词前面有so,the same或such存在时，考生们一般分不清楚什么时候该用as, 什么时候该用the same, 如下面2题：

15. Myhometown is no longer the same ( ) it used to be.

A. like B. that C. as D. which

16. We hope to get such a tool ( ) he is using.

A. where B. that C. as D. which

逐一击破：

请大家对比下面2个句子：

1. She is such a lovely lady as we all like.

2.She is such a lovely lady that we alllike her.

大家会发现，as 后面的we all like 不完整，that 后面的we all like her 是完整的。实际上，第1个句子是such…as 结构的定语从句，自然as后面句子不完整, 因为as 已经在we all like 中充当宾语。而第2个句子是such… that 结构的结果状语从句， 所谓状语从句是用关系词such…that 链接2个完整的句子，自然要求that后面那个句子完整。 回到15，16题，我们发现15题从句部分的it usedto be 不完整，缺表语；16题的从句部分he is using 也不完整，缺宾语。所以15.16两题答案都选C， as

黄金玉律：As 后句子不完整，缺主宾表。 That 后句子完整。

总之，定语从句考查形式千变万化，花样百出，考生只有掌握好定语从句中的3个基本概念：先行词，关系词，定语从句中的4大有效成分:主语/宾语/表语/状语,扎扎实实分析好句子成分才能屡战屡胜，百战不殆。

1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ highmountains.

A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were

【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由"介词 which"引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 highmountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was.请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：

（1） Yesterday we visited a modernhospital, around _______ some fruit shops.

A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are

（2） The murder happened in an oldbuilding, beside ______ the city police station.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

（3） Next month we'll move to a newbuilding, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there ahospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"

A. that B. which C. where D. what

【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。

【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为"在附近"；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？

3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth onceevery month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。

【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：

_ ______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth onceevery month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句。

再比较下面一组题，其中第（1）题选 B，第（2）题选 D：

（1） ______ is mentioned above, thenumber of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

（2） ______ is mentioned above that thenumber of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such ... that ...句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。

【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such ... that ... （如此......以至......）结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such ... that ...，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为"所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩"。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：

David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

请再做以下试题（答案选D）：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.

A. like B. that C. which D. as

5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by anangry crowd.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses.

【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses.类似地，以下各题也选D：

（1） His house, for _______ he paid $10,000, is now worth $50, 000.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

（2） Ashdown forest, through _______ we'llbe driving, isn't a forest any longer.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

（3） This I did at nine o'clock, after _______I sat reading the paper.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：

（4） George, with _______ I playedtennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.

A. that B. him C. them D. whom

（5） Her sons, both of ______ workabroad, will come back home this summer.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

（6） I met the fruit-pickers, severalof _______ were still university students.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success intheir own field.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students.

【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great successin their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of... 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题（答案均选A）：

（1） He asked a lot of questions, noneof ______ was easy to answer.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

（2） He asked a lot of questions, andnone of ______ was easy to answer.

A. them B. which C. what D. that

（3） He told me that he had two girl-friends,neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

（4） He told me that he had two girl-friends,and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. them B. whom C. which D. who

7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.比较：

（1） They put forward a lot of plans atthe meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案选B，none of them carried out in theirwork 是独立主格结构，其中的 carriedout 为过去分词。

（2） They put forward a lot of plans atthe meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案选A，none of them were carried out intheir work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were.

（3） They put forward a lot of plans atthe meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。

8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parentsseated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parents seatedtogether joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：

（1） On Sundays there were a lot ofchildren playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选B.whoseparents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语were seated.

（2） On Sundays there were a lot ofchildren playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选A.因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。

（3） On Sundays there were a lot ofchildren playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选A.theirparents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。

（4） On Sundays there were a lot ofchildren playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选B.whoseparents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat.

（5） On Sundays there were a lot ofchildren playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选B.whoseparents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语were sitting.

9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows howshallow he is.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：

（1） If you promise to go with us,_____ will be OK.

A. as B. which C. and it D. that

（2） If you want a double room, _____ willcost another ￡15.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

（3） Whether you go or not, _______ isquite all right with me.

A. that B. which C. and it D. so

（4） When I say two hours, _____ includestime for eating.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

10. She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spentworking as a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where.

【分析】正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that.比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：

She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she works as asecretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

请再做一组试题（答案均选A）：

（1） Our company will move to a tallbuilding _______ we bought last month.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。

（2） Our company will move to a tallbuilding _______ has just been complete.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。

（3） Our company will move to a tallbuilding _______ we worked two years ago.

A. where B. when C. that D. which

选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。

定语从句中特殊关系代词的用法：

关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,than和but这三个词却与which, who, that, where, when和why等典型的关系词不同。

三者本身具有常见的字面意义,前面有名词作先行词,但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句。

这些既像连接词又像关系词的词,我们就姑且称它们为准关系词。

一、 as作为准关系代词出现在the same ... as, such ... as,和as ... as等结构中。

这时, as前面通常要有名词;

as后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句;

as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

1. the same ... as

1)as在从句中作主语

She is thesame person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人。

2) as在从句中作宾语

This is thesame watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样。

3) as在从句中作be动词的表语

China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。

4) as在从句中作行为方式状语

You shouldlearn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活。

2. such ... as

1) as在从句中作主语

Let childrenread such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书。

2) as在从句中作宾语

This is notsuch an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书。

3) as在从句中作be动词的表语

Such a badman as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚。

3. as ... as

1) 第二个as在从句中作主语

He has asmuch money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱。

2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语

I have asmany friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多。

3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语

As is knownto all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省。

二、than作为准关系词 出现在more ... than, less ... than, fewer ... than等结构中。这时, than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

1. than在从句中作主语

Take it easy,I have more money than is needed. 放心，我的钱比所需要的还要多。

2. than在从句中作宾语

I have more/fewerbooks than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少。

3. than在从句中作be动词的表语

He is abetter boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩。

三、but作为准关系词 本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义。这时but在意义上相当于“who ...not ...”或“which/that ...not ...”。

1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时, be动词后面不能再有not

There is noone who is not rned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned abouthis future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来?

2. 定语从句中有can, will, shall, must, may, should,ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not

There isnothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事?

3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化

There is noone who doesn’t wish tomake great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make greatachievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就。

四、which的先行词：关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子

He said hesaw me there, which was a lie。他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。

说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略

I'veforgotten much of the Latin I once knew。我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。

高考英语定语从句解题方法

一、选准关系代词和关系副词

在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：

(1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.

(2) I still remember the days when we worked together.

二、了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况

that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that 来引导定语从句：

1. 先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy?

2. 先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时。例如：

These are all the pictures that I have seen.

This is the very dictionary that is of great help.

3. 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：

My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.

4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：

Our school is not the one that it used to be.

5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：

This is the best English film that I have ever seen.

The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.

6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。例如：

Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

三、把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用

A. it B. that C.which D.whom

14. Raising children is said to be a job _______ parents receivethe least formal training.

A. in which B. for which C. where D. to what

1 5. Leave him a note at the reception desk, _ ______ he will learn how to find you.

A. which B. from which C. with which D.on which

16. Mr. Smith was so angry at all _______ Robert was doing _______he walked out angrily.

A. that; what B. that; that C. which; which D. what; that

17. Could it be in the classroom _______ we had a talk last night _______you left your keys?

A. that; where B. in which; where C. where; that D.where; in which

18. It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, _______ cutoff, as a container to grow young plants in.

A. of which the top B. whose top C. the top of which D.with its top

19. _______ is known to us all is that the old worker, for _______life was hard in the past, still works hard in his seventies.

A. As; whom B. What; whom C. It; whose D. What; whose

【创新预测】

20. Sun Yang won the gold medal at the 400 meters free style in theLondon Olympic Games, _______, of course, made the Chinese people happy.

A. who B. which C. what D. that

21. Shenzhou Ⅸ was sent up into space in June, 2012, among _______ astronauts was a woman.

A. whom B. whose C. who D. which

22. Some young men want to find true love on the Internet, _______I think is very funny.

A. that B. which C. what D. who

23. We have learned _______ the meeting held in Beijing in June，2012，_______is called “Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit”，has signed many important files.

A. that; which B. which; that C. that; as D.that; what

24. There are many heroes deserving learning from in 2012，oneof _______ is Wu Bin.

A. whom B. them C. who D. whose

答案解析

1.【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：的确，这个小男孩脚边的小花瓶是这个房子里唯一一个好像没有生机的物体。定语从句中缺少主语，故排除D项；what不能用来引导定语从句，故排除B项；先行词object被the only所修饰时，定语从句用that而不用which引导，故排除A项。更多例题可查询空间757722345或微信号奇速英语/qisuen

2.【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：每年夏天，这座美丽的城镇都欢迎来自世界各地为最优秀的街头艺人。_______ they’re called为非限制性定语从句，故排除B项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除D项；which引导定语从句时只能放在主句的后面，故排除C项。as引导定语从句时，位置灵活，可位于主句句首、句中或句末，因此选A。

3.【解析】选D。考查定语从句。 句意：汤姆沉溺于电脑游戏，这使他父母很担心。非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语，故排除B项和C项，as引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“正如”，而which在引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“这一点”，根据句意可知D项正确。

4.【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：古罗马是一个其文化影响西方世界长达几个世纪的国家 。先行词为country，且定语从句中缺少定语，故用whose。who和which引导定语从句时，作主语、宾语或表语，而where则在定语从句中作地点状语。

5.【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：几乎每个发展中国家都经历一个时期，随着快速发展，它的污染变得相当严重。定语从句中缺少定语，故用whose。where和inwhich在定语从句中均作地点状语；如果选of which，则题干需改为Almost every developing country went through a period _______ the pollution became serious with the rapid development. 。

6.【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：张国立因其子吸毒被捕向公众道歉。在定语从句中，介词后的关系代词只能用which或whom，此处的先行词为Zhang Guoli，指人，因此只能用whom。

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