交响乐团什么乐器好学(各种乐器傻傻分不清)
今天想跟大家分享交响乐团。平常我们看很多音乐会,舞台上都会有一支庞大的乐团互相配合演奏出华美的乐章。那这些乐团里都有哪些乐器呢?我们今天就一起来学习一下交响乐团家族组成~ Let’s get started!
首先,交响乐团的英文是orchestra:
An orchestra (/ˈɔːrkɪstrə/) is a large instrumental ensemble(乐团)typical of classical music(古典音乐), which mixes instruments from different families, including string instruments as well as brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments, each grouped in sections.
交响乐团是当今世上编制最庞大、最复杂的乐团型态,拥有极强大而广泛的音乐表现力。交响乐团的乐器配置通常为:
弦乐器(Strings):小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴、竖琴等。
木管乐器(Woodwinds):长笛、短笛、单簧管、双簧管、英国管、大管(巴松管)等。
铜管乐器(Brass):小号、短号、长号、圆号(法国号)、大号等。
打击乐器(Percussion):定音鼓、大鼓、小鼓、镲、锣、铃鼓、三角铁等。
有时还会加上钢琴等键盘乐器(keyboards)。
接下来我们就一起看看这些乐器都可以怎么用英文表达吧~
1. Strings 弦乐器
The standard modern violin family consists of the violin, viola, cello, and double bass.
弦乐器里最有名的要属提琴家族。这里提琴分四种:小提琴(violin)、中提琴(viola)、大提琴(cello)以及低音提琴(double bass)。
像近期很火的一部日剧“四重奏”(Quartet)中的主角们演奏的就都是提琴家族里的乐器,由两把小提琴、一把中提琴和一把大提琴组成。
在提琴中,弓为bow,而相应的弦我们称之为string。
这里衍生出来有一个习语:“have another string/more strings to your bow”意为to have more than one skill or plan that you can use if you need to,即“做两手准备”。
2. Woodwinds 木管乐器
木管乐器包括长笛、萨克斯风等等。
a. The Western concert flute is a woodwind instrument made of metal or wood. A musician who plays the flute is called a flutist/flute player.
长笛是我个人很喜欢的一个乐器,由金属或者木材做成,音色清透灵动。
b. The saxophone(also referred to as the sax) is a family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones are usually made of brass and is used in classical music, military bands, marching bands, and jazz.
萨克斯风通常由黄铜制成,运用场合十分广泛,在古典乐、军乐队、爵士乐中都可以找到它的身影。
3. Brass 铜管乐器
铜管乐器中最为人熟悉的莫过于小号(trumpet)了。
A trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register(音区) in the brass family.
小号常用于古典乐或爵士乐,是铜管乐器家族中的高音乐器。
4. Percussion 打击乐器
打击乐器中很重要的一部分是定音鼓(timpani):
Timpani evolved from military drums to become a staple(主要部分) of the classical orchestra by the last third of the 18th century. Today, they are used in many types of ensembles, including concert bands, marching bands, orchestras, and even in some rock bands.
定音鼓在当今最主要的用途是被使用于交响乐团中属于打击乐的部分,这个角色的任务是在演奏时将曲子带入高潮并将音乐的趣味性带入曲中,通常用来强调一首曲子的节奏构造。
5. Keyboards 键盘乐器
a. Piano 钢琴
被称为“乐器之王”的钢琴相信大家都很熟悉了。钢琴也下分几种:
Grand piano 三角钢琴
Upright/vertical piano 直立钢琴
b. Pipe Organ 管风琴
The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurized(加压的) air (called wind) through organ pipes selected via a keyboard. A pipe organ has one or more keyboards played by the hands, and a pedal board(踏板) played by the feet.
管风琴属于气鸣式乐器,音量洪大、气势雄伟,音色优美、庄重。
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