gmat语法参考资料（SC考点----代词的用法）

同学们在备考GMAT SC过程当中肯定有遇到过代词的问题，那很多同学一遇见代词的问题就认为是指代不明，那这样的思维太过武断，那今天我们就来看看GMAT SC里涉及代词部分的一个考法和一些特点。

首先，在英语里，有众多的代词，有人称代词，比如，l you they her ,us ,it等；当然也有物主代词像mine、yours、his；反身代词myself、yourself；、指示代词this、that；不定代词some、 any等等。那在GMAT中常考的代词有如下这些：

1、it/they/them

2、that/those

3、this

4、itself

5、one/the one

6、each

7、other/the other/others/another/each other

8、which

小编在这里提几个高频的，比如it，它可以指代上文提到的事物和想法，可以指代天气、环境、季节、时间、距离，当然it也可作形式主语或形式宾语，看看下面两个句子

1）Nobody knows exactly how many languages there are in the world, partly because of the difficulty of distinguishing between a language and the sublanguages or dialects within it

2）l find it difficult to work with him

3）it was a pity that you didn't go camping

最经典的一道例题就是这一题：

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

A、Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

B、An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.

C、An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.

D、Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.

E、Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

解析如下：

(A)错误1：代词指代：代词出现在主语位置时，如果可能，则优先指代相邻主谓结构的主语(即“平行指代”优先)。因此“it has worked well in the past”中的“it”语法上优先指代“Heavy commitment”。但实际上指代“a course of action”，所以同一个代词指代了不同内容，错。

(B) 句子意思：没有明确“missing signs of incipient trouble……”动作的发出者，没有(E)准确。(E)中“……is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble……”直接明确了主语”是“executive”去miss signs。

（C)代词指代：“it has worked well in the past”中的代词“it”应该指代“a course of action”，但语法结构上，它离它正确应该指代的a course of action太远了，因此指代不明。

(D)代词指代：又是两个“them”和一个“they”。第一个“them”指代“Executives”，第二个“them”和“they”指代“signs”，因此指代不明。

(E) 动名词短语“Being heavily committed to a course of action”是主句的主语，其谓语为“is likely to……”，不定代词“one”特指“a course of action”，固定搭配“make sb. do sth.”的用法可以明确判断出“miss signs……”的逻辑主语为“an executive”表意准确。

所以句子大意应该是： 过度投入到一种行动（或做法）中，尤其是这种在过去效果良好的行动（或做法），很可能会使一个执行官错过未来麻烦的信号，或在信号出现时误读它们。

那还比较常考的代词就是that/those，it/they，那为什么要这样分类它们呢，是因为it /they是完全指代，带上前面修饰成分一起指代，表示整体的这些，同一批，同一些，而that/those是不完全指代，即部分指代。只指代一个名词，不带修饰，表示换了一个/些。比如这个句子：students in CD are more than those in SH，很明显是成都的学生和上海的学生，大概念都是学生，分不同批次的学生，用those部分指代。

当然，还有我们的this在句里不裸奔，必须后面要跟名词，再接谓语，比如the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, and this causes the color of needles to change from deep green to grayish green，这里的this cause就是错误的哦，按照gmat规则来考这个试，应该就没什么问题。以及我们的反身代词在gmat里表示强调，比如

1）强调主语

he himself did it.

he did it himself.

2）强调宾语

l want to see the boss himself

我要见老板本人

那今天就给大家介绍那么多，希望大家都从逻辑语义以及整个句子要表达的意思去做SC，而不要死扣语法点，加油！