龙史传真黑带布洛克（龙史传真泰德）

截拳道泰德·卢卡师傅

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同时代那些了解李小龙的美国武术大家，几乎众口一词的认可李小龙和他的截拳道超越了时代。如美国著名的国家级柔道/柔术金牌教练谢华亮（Welly Jay 威利·杰伊）就说：我同意他们的看法，李小龙超越时代100年。

100年当然只是一个概说，那么，李小龙及其截拳道究竟在多大程度上超越了时代？有什么历史证明呢？本文节录了伊鲁山度截拳道高徒泰德 · 卢卡1996年接受美国《功夫精深》杂志采访时披露的那段历史岁月，可供广大读者管中窥豹。

话说上世纪七八十年代，在李小龙功夫电影掀起的全球功夫热的推动下，那个时代的武术爱好者，包括一些曾获得不同武术较高段位的黑带高手们，也对李小龙截拳道求学若渴，纷纷投入到李小龙当年的助教级弟子伊鲁山度师傅开办的武术学院，要求学习截拳道。

这些高手们技术看上去不错，但让泰德 · 卢卡大跌眼镜的是，那些自信甚至有些自大的黑带高手们，一旦开始和学院中的截拳道高年级或仅学过半年左右的学员全接触对抗实战时，便纷纷现了原形，他们传统且低效的武技在现代化的截拳道面前，简直不堪一击。其情其景，与当下网络爆炒的现代搏击VS传统武术的一边倒状态，如出一辙。

不对比不知道，一对比吓一跳。当年的截拳道学员们尚且如此“无敌”，何况他的宗师李小龙？

历史事实证明，李小龙截拳道是世界上第一个从武学理论、科学技战术体系建设、实战对抗训练、交叉体能训练、运动营养和恢复，乃至于训练器材综合应用方面，完全贴近无限制实战，特别强调科学格斗的全面现代化的实战武道，确实远远的超越了时代，且至今仍在与时俱进中。

回溯历史，当今世界现代搏击的迅猛发展，和李小龙及其截拳道当年的革命性武学理念启发，思想解放，以及现代化科学训练和效率搏击的直观展示和影响，大众化科普推动，有着千丝万缕的关系。李小龙及其截拳道，可谓是推动现代世界武术和现代擂台搏击术，从传统武术占据统治地位的时代全面转型进化的重要先驱和时代引领者。

龙史传真 | 乔·刘易斯: 在李小龙的训练下成为最伟大的踢拳冠军

龙史传真｜踢拳之父乔·刘易斯：李小龙截拳道-踢拳的先驱！

搏击教授杰瑞·毕斯利：乔·刘易斯是李小龙训练出来的最好格斗家

“李小龙的出现，开始了整个世界武术范例的改变。在他之前，武术人只是试着重现和重复前辈已经实现的东西，这就意味着对于现代意义上的力量和体能的训练不会投入太多关注。对于当下的功能性健身狂热来说，李小龙超前了有30－40年之多。”

——马特·莱森（美国陆军格斗系统总教官），语出美国《肌肉与健美》中文版《健美先生》2008年第5期《李小龙：永远的偶像》，译者孙建辉先生

“李小龙上世纪60年代和70年代所宣扬的每一件事情，随着终极格斗锦标赛在90年代初期的发展，都一一得到了验证。”

—— 美国UFC总裁达纳·怀特 语出美国《肌肉与健美》中文版《健美先生》2008年第5期《李小龙：永远的偶像》，译者孙建辉先生

以下为正文......

武术家泰德·卢卡采访（节录）

原载《功夫探秘》杂志 Inside Kung Fu 1996年7月刊 翻译：为道塾酷哥 周靖昆

1970年代初，伊鲁山度武术学院的实战课。图为李小龙亲传弟子李恺师傅（右）闪身前手直拳猛攻对手

全接触实战是家常便饭。图为七十年代初，李小龙亲传高徒李恺师傅（右）VS理查德·巴斯蒂罗

史蒂夫（记者）: 那时候你是怎么训练的你还记得吗？

泰德 · 卢卡 : 你能想到的，这是一种全新的体验，非常令人兴奋。当时一切对我来说都是崭新的。李小龙刚刚去世不久，后院训练就没怎么进行了，丹·伊鲁山度和理查德·巴斯蒂罗在李去世一年后合作开办了托兰斯菲律宾卡利武术院。

丹的知名度是得益于李小龙和截拳道的加持，所以招生情况是难以置信地的火爆。

全国各地几乎有来自各行各业的人来报名。

你谈到报名候补名单，确实有这么一个候补名单，但我不知道如何表达。 在他们开放了学校的另一边场地之后，每晚都有差不多30人报名，因为他们那边有大约30个人的课程。我过去经常守着座机，处理桌子的文件跟其他的事务。

有成百上千的人径自过来报名求学。这些国内的，国外的人拖家带口的离开原居所，就是想进入武术学院，因为他们想接受截拳道训练。

这个开头非常壮观，大量大量的人注册登记学习。 然而，练下来几个月，没练习全接触性的实战对抗还好，而一旦开始全接触性对抗训练,"轰"，也许一半多人都会退出。但这无伤大雅，因为还有一个报名候补名单，课程班级马上就会再次报满了。 报名的人有多少，还在等着入学的人有多少，数量着实惊人啊。

作为无限制格斗术，截拳道的实战对抗还包括一对多的自卫训练。战术理念迥异于擂台搏击

1978年左右，伊鲁山度学院学员们进行全接触踢拳实战训练即景

Steve: What was it like training at the time; can you remember back in those days?

Ted Lucay lucay: It was an experience, you know. It was an exciting time because everything was brand new then. Bruce Lee had just passed away recently so from the backyard training, Dan and Richard opened up the Torrance Philipino Kali Academy, a year after Bruce died. It was incredible, because martial arts was influenced by Bruce Lee and Jeet Kune Do so the enrollment was huge. There were people from all walks of life from all over the country.

You talk about a waiting list, there was a waiting list that was like, and I can’t give you an example. After they opened up the other half of the school, the enrollment was like 30 people for each class each night and so they had like give classes or so, with 30 people. I used to work the phone and the desk and everything and we had hundreds and hundreds of people coming in by themselves. People coming in with their families and leaving their place of residence, from America as well as from other countries. They would come in to be part of the Kali academy because they wanted the JKD training. It was great because it was all kinds of different people and you found huge enrollments starting out. However, you would train for a few months, training with no contact but once contact started, “boom,” maybe half would drop out. But there was no problem because you had a waiting list and class filled up right away. And so it was just phenomenal at how many people enrolled and how many more were waiting.

泰德·卢卡（右一）和伊鲁山度、张卓庆、张学健、杰西·格罗弗、保罗·弗奈克、提姆·塔克特群英荟萃的合影

这样的盛景是当时每个商人的愿望。 但是作为一门新生的武术，截拳道非常振奋人心，因为有来自很多不同武技的人求学，从普通学习者，到黑带一段到六段都有。

他们看起来都很不错。但是当他们开始接触性的实战时，我们惊奇的发现，特别是在那个时候，在还没进入截拳道踢拳训练时，非常多人在对抗中展示出来的都是些非常低效的技术。

他们之前所有训练的知识，他们得到所谓的黑带，都被截拳道简单直接的刺拳，后手直拳，勾拳打成了渣渣，他们努力掩饰的门派武技的神秘性荡然无存。

截拳道非常简单，所有这些家伙的所有武艺经验和自大都在截拳道面前支离破碎。

二十年前，截拳道如此独特。 它是崭新的，独一无二的。我们会看到高水平的武者像苍蝇一样被摔倒在地上。

我跟老丹在一旁边看边敲康茄鼓（傻乐），那时我会帮忙教教初学者。 丹会告诉我,"嘿，看看地板上那个谁。这是某某武术的黑带十段来的。"

如果他们跟一些截拳道水平高一点的学生，或者在武术学院呆过六个月的人实战一场，我们就会看到截拳道学生狠狠地完虐他们，打得他们溃不成军，那场面可真是真是太有趣了。

我要重申，在那个年代能这样是因为20年前，人们不像现在这样能接触到如此多进化了的现代搏击知识和技能。但这就是截拳道令人兴奋的原因，这一门全新的实战武道，当年直接揭开了所有传统腰带和（当年在美国流行的）传统武技的神秘面纱。

很明显，截拳道在当时的传播发展阶段就表现得如此耀眼，我想，当年有资格学习截拳道也是一种特权和荣幸。

在学院里，有很多激烈的全接触对抗，以及拳拳到肉碰撞的“砰砰”的声音， 这就是截拳道人的武术观——用拳头告诉对手，我们进行的是真打实战的格斗对抗。在那个年代，大多数人都没有想到会发生这样的事情，即使是那些所谓的高段位的资深武术家们也不例外。

当时练习者们实战打得凶狠，打得越狠，私下的关系倒是越不错。

这很好，因为截拳道家族成员都很关系亲密。

2018年，80高龄的伊鲁山度在指导UFC蜘蛛人截拳道组合手靶训练

伊鲁山度协助李小龙进行重拳沙袋训练

It was the wish of every businessman at the time. But being brand new too, it was also exciting because you had people from all the different styles come in from the first degree black to fourth, fifth, sixth. And it looks good on paper, but when they got on the floor and started to bang it was amazing to see, especially at that time, before the kickboxing, how many inefficiency was demonstrated on the floor. With all their previous training and knowledge these people with all their belts would be destroyed by simple jabs, crosses, and hooks and this would break the mystique. JKD was very simple and all these guys with all their experience in the arts had their self-esteem broken down. Twenty years ago it was so unique. It was brand new and unique. We would be sparring looking at high-level martial artists being dropped to the floor like flies. Dan and I were drumming the conga. I was always assisting him with teaching all the beginners. Dan would tell me, “Hey, take a look on the floor. That’s so-and-so, the tenth degree from so-and-so system.” They would be sparring with a senior JKD student or someone who had been there six months. It was so funny to see them get shattered to pieces by the six-month students. Again it was easier in those days because it was 20 years ago and people were not as knowledgeable as they are now. That’s why it was exciting because it was brand new; it pulled down the mystery, the mystique about all of the belts and all the styles. It was neat to see how JKD in the pioneering stage was very superior in those days. It was also, I guess, a privilege to study JKD. There was a lot of heavy sparring and a lot of heavy “banging.” That was the major point at that time to make contact to let your opponent know what we were doing was real. In those days most people didn’t expect that sort of thing, even your hardened martial artist. There was a lot of heavy sparring but it was also a lot of camaraderie. It was nice because the JKD families were close together at that time

泰德 · 卢卡（Ted Lucaylucay 1946-1996）出生于夏威夷群岛。泰德的青少年时期和成年早期都是在加州的圣佩德罗度过的，在那里他开始了对武术的终生痴迷。泰德练习了许多类型的武术，包括空手道、柔道、功夫和拳击。

1970年，泰德开始跟随截拳道大师丹·伊鲁山度训练李小龙的截拳道，以及菲律宾武术。泰德还与其他世界著名的大师一起接受培训。1975年，泰德毕业出师并成立了卢卡卡利/截拳道协会。泰德是截拳道家族的先驱，他建立了自己的协会，并成为第一个制作和销售有关截拳道和卡利格斗艺术教学录像带的教练。他先后培养了数千名学生。

上世纪八十年代，伊鲁山度和他的截拳道精英弟子们

教学中的伊鲁山度

七十年代初，截拳道的跳绳热身训练

附录一 伊鲁山度高徒提姆·塔克特回忆截拳道历史（节录）

1996年元月，美国西雅图，李小龙第一和地二代弟子们集会商讨截拳道发展大计。左三为提姆

1973年，丹 · 伊诺山度授予我高级学员证书，还允许我组建小型截拳道团体。 在丹的后院训练小组，大家都在强调截拳道是一门很特别的武术。

有些技术李小龙并不希望外传，要求只能在训练小组内小范围练习 。 丹告诉我们，李小龙曾说过:"如果知识就是力量，那就要将这种力量传授给值得托付的人"。

后来，丹请我去教学。 他告诉我和拉里·哈特尔，他答应过李小龙不公开教截拳道，我们应该出来教授截拳道，他可以教卡利（为道塾注：一种菲律宾武术）。 我们三个每年夏天都在一起教拳，直到大烟山武术训练营结束。

In 1973, Dan Inosanto honored me with the rank of Senior First and I was given permission to have a small Jeet Kune Do group. In Dan’s backyard school it was always stressed that JKD was something special. There were certain techniques that Bruce Lee did not want given out outside of what we all felt were a small and special group. Dan told us that Bruce said, "If knowledge is power then why pass it out indiscriminately."

When the summer martial arts camps started Dan asked me to teach there. He told Larry Hartsell and me that since he promised Bruce to not teach JKD openly, that we should teach JKD while he would teach Kali. The three of us taught together every summer until the Great Smokey Mountain Martial Arts Camp closed.

现在，除了每周一次晚上在我的车库里教学之外，我做的另一件事就是偶尔为那些参与过训练营有自己道馆的学生开讲习会。目前我每年只开几次讲习会。我在高中学校教了30年书，六年前退休了。

我们希望我们的学生能够传授截拳道的核心课程，令其真正属于自己，然后不断适应，发展，加入自己的领悟，那将是他们的截拳道。

但是，我们也认为他们不应该加入违反截拳道基本原则的技术，还称之为截拳道。

请记住，任何架构原则都是建立在坚实的基础之上的。让截拳道核心课程成为你建立基础的必要指南，而在此基础上搭建的内容才是真正属于你自己的。

Besides teaching in my garage one night a week the only other JKD teaching I did was the occasional seminar I would do for camp students who had a school of their own. Presently I only do a couple of seminars a year. I retired six years ago after 30 years of teaching high school .What we want our student to do is to be able to do the core curriculum of Jeet Kune Do, make it his or her own, then adapt, evolve, and add what is their own. That will be their JKD. But we also feel that they shouldn’t add what goes against the basic principles of JKD and call it Jeet Kune Do. Remember that any architectural principle is based on a strong foundation. Let the core curriculum be your guide to the building of your foundation and let the house you build on top of it be your own.

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