挺立在孤独的废墟上读书笔记（当你迷失在洞穴里时）

The Khao Wongkot Cave is in a limestone mountain in Keang Hang Maeow district in the Chanthaburi province, Thailand. Would you know what to do if you got lost in a cave?

Khao Wongkot洞穴位于泰国Chanthaburi省Keang Hang maow地区的一座石灰岩山上。如果你在山洞里迷路了，你知道该怎么办吗?

Anyone who's been to Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico or the Cave of the Crystals in Mexico understands the pull of underground exploration. Yet each year, magical underground mazes claim the lives of experienced spelunkers and cave divers alike. Among the hazards: falling, pockets of toxic gases, getting lost, tumbling rocks, hypothermia, dehydration, or perhaps the most horrifying: Getting stuck in the jaws of tight sharp rocks, slowly succumbing to thirst and hunger in a pitch-black grave. Or maybe that was just a nightmare we had once after watching "The Descent."

任何去过新墨西哥州卡尔斯巴德洞穴或墨西哥水晶洞穴的人都能理解地下探索的吸引力。然而，每年都有神奇的地下迷宫夺走经验丰富的洞穴探险者和洞穴潜水员的生命。这些危险包括:坠落、有毒气体、迷路、翻滚的岩石、体温过低、脱水，或者可能是最可怕的:被困在又紧又尖的岩石的嘴里，在漆黑的坟墓里慢慢地死于饥渴。或许这只是我们在看完《降落》(The Descent)后做的一个噩梦。

The world waited breathlessly for updates on 12 young boys and their soccer coach, who were trapped in the Tham Luang cave in Chiang Rai, Thailand. The made-for-TV drama underscored the incredible magnetic draw of caves, and the potential dangers they present.

全世界都在屏息等待12名小男孩和他们的足球教练的最新消息，他们被困在泰国清莱的Tham Luang洞穴。这部电视剧强调了洞穴令人难以置信的吸引力，以及它们所呈现的潜在危险。

How would you ever survive being trapped in a cave, particularly if you were totally unprepared like the (extremely fortunate) Thai soccer team? Via an email interview, the pros at the National Cave Rescue Commission and the National Speleological Society offered an array of strategies you can use to stay alive down below.

被困在洞穴里，你怎么能活下来，尤其是如果你完全没有准备，就像(非常幸运的)泰国足球队一样?通过电子邮件采访，国家洞穴救援委员会(National Cave Rescue Commission)和国家洞穴学会(National spological Society)的专业人士提供了一系列你可以用来在水下生存的策略。

• For starters, in any emergency situation your first step is assessment. Take a few deep breaths and don't panic. And whatever you do, don't go wandering through random passages hoping to find a way out, unless you're hoping to inspire a future horror movie script. Even expert cavers become disoriented in labyrinths.

首先，在任何紧急情况下，你的第一步是评估。做几次深呼吸，不要惊慌。无论你做什么，都不要在任意的段落中徘徊，希望找到出路，除非你希望启发未来的恐怖电影剧本。即使是洞穴专家在迷宫中也会迷失方向。

• If you are completely disoriented, lost, and feeling panicky, stay put and realize that rescuers actually find the vast majority of lost cavers. If the idea doesn't terrify you, consider turning off your light once in a while to conserve the battery. To attract rescuers, you can knock rocks together (instead of screaming endlessly in terror like we would), and these sharp sounds often travel farther than your hoarse voice, anyway.

如果你完全迷失方向，迷失方向，感到恐慌，待在原地，并意识到救援人员实际上找到了绝大多数迷路的洞穴探险者。如果你不害怕这个想法，可以考虑偶尔关灯以节省电池电量。为了吸引救援人员，你可以把石头敲在一起(而不是像我们一样无休止地恐惧尖叫)，这些尖锐的声音通常比你沙哑的声音传播得更远。

• If it's cool and you have extra clothes, now's the time to put them on, because you won't be moving around a lot. If you have plastic bags or a trash bag, make a hole for your head and put the bag over the rest of your body. This will keep you warm and dry. Conserve your energy. Nibble on a snack and drink some water (assuming you have some) to keep your brain clear, but ration them for later, too.

如果天气很凉，你有多余的衣服，现在就穿上吧，因为你不会经常走动。如果你有塑料袋或垃圾袋，在头上开一个洞，把袋子套在身体的其他部位。这会让你保持温暖和干燥。保存你的精力。吃点零食，喝点水(假设你有)来保持你的大脑清醒，但也要定量配给。

• If you think you might know the way out, you can use small bits of fabric or paper, or even little rock piles, to mark your current location. Then, check to see if you left behind any foot or handprints on your way in. Walk or crawl — slowly and calmly — looking for the exit, leaving a trail of items to mark your path. If you suspect that you've hit a dead end, use your homemade trail to return to your original starting point with confidence.

如果你认为你可能知道出路，你可以用小块织物或纸，甚至小石头堆，来标记你当前的位置。然后，检查一下你是否在进来的路上留下了脚印或手印。慢慢地、冷静地走着或爬着寻找出口，留下一堆物品来标记你的路径。如果你怀疑自己走到了死胡同，那就用你自制的路线自信地回到最初的起点。

• If you feel small air currents (or detect them using the flicker of a lighter), you may be able to pinpoint a passage that leads to the surface. Tossing a bit of fine dust can also help you determine a breeze's direction.

如果你感觉到轻微的气流(或者用打火机的闪烁探测到它们)，你就可以精确地找到通往水面的通道。抛一点细尘也可以帮助你确定微风的方向。

• When you're tired, try to avoid lying on cold rock, which will steal warmth from your body. And stay dry. Getting wet — from a ground pool or from sweat — can lead to hypothermia, so slow down and keep your heart rate low.

当你累的时候，尽量避免躺在冰冷的岩石上，这样会偷走你身体的热量。保持干燥。淋湿——无论是地面上的水池还是汗水——都会导致体温过低，所以放慢脚步，保持低心率。

• Hear dripping? You might be able to locate water. Not all cave water is entirely safe to drink, but in an extended emergency, you're going to need hydration. Damp cave walls may provide a bit of moisture, and the rocks act as filters of sorts. Flowing water is typically safer than stagnant or muddy water, but as with surface water, you should regard it with suspicion. Avoid water with a strong odor if you can.

听到滴水声?你也许能找到水的位置。并不是所有的洞穴水都是完全安全的，但在紧急情况下，你需要水合作用。潮湿的岩壁可能会提供一些水分，而岩石则起到了过滤器的作用。流动的水通常比死水或浑浊的水更安全，但就像地表水一样，你应该怀疑它。如果可以，尽量避免有强烈气味的水。

• Near a cave entrance, you might find bugs, bats, fish, and birds to eat, but they're very hard to catch, and the energy you expend in vain trying to catch them may cost you more calories than you gain. Deeper in the cave, you'll find no food at all, and Domino's definitely does not deliver to the Pit of Doom. You may be comforted to know people can survive 30-40 days without food, as long as they have water to drink.

在洞穴入口附近，你可能会找到虫子、蝙蝠、鱼和鸟来吃，但它们很难捕捉，你徒劳地试图捕捉它们所消耗的能量可能会比你获得的卡路里更多。在洞穴深处，你根本找不到食物，达美乐肯定不会把食物送到末日之坑。如果你知道人只要有水喝，不吃东西也能活30-40天，你可能会感到欣慰。

Finally, here are some precautions to lessen your chances of misadventure: Never go caving alone — four people is really the bare minimum in case of emergency — and always, always tell someone on the surface where you're going and when you expect to be back.

最后，这里有一些预防措施来减少你发生不幸的机会:永远不要独自去洞穴——在紧急情况下，四个人真的是最少的——永远，永远告诉地面上的人你要去哪里，什么时候回来。