定语从句知识点简单初中生(你必须备好这份定语从句)
一、定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 , 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 , 引导定语从句的引导词分为:关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等,和关系副词where, when, why等 , 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份,不可省略。
1.由who引导的定语从句中 , who用作主语 , 如 : This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引导的定语从句中 , whose用作定语 , 如 : Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语。
如: The room in which there is a machine is a workshop(车间).
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意 :
(1) whom, which用作介词宾语时 , 介词可放在 whom、which之前 , 也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如: He is the very person whom we must take good care of.(2) 引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that。如:I have lost my bag, which I like very much.(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,即介词后只能用which,不能用that.
如:The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意:在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。
(1) 先行词是不定代词something, nothing, anything,everything等,如 :All that we have to do is to practise English.(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如:The first letter that I got from him will be kept in my case .(3) 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ,如:I have eaten up all the food that you gave me .(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,如:H e is the only person that I want to talk with.(5) 先行词既有人又有物时,如:They talk about persons and things that they met .(6) 当句中已有who时 ,为避免重复 , 如 : Who is the man that is giving us the class?6. 由when, where, why引导的定语从句,如: I don't know the reason why he was late.This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用 that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。This is the house which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(where he has lived for 15 year.)
7、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有:who,whom,whose,which,of which等,这些关系代词都不可省。
(2) 非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整性,一般用逗号将其与主句隔开,关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who.
Eg: I have two brothers, who both are both students.8、 如何简化定于从句(1) 定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。Eg:My grandfather lives in a village which is far away from here.→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.(2) 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。Eg:The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher. I saw the house that was burning(燃烧)at that time.→ I saw the house burning at that time.(3) 定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。Eg:I like to eat the cakes which are made by my mother.→I like to eat the cakes made by my mother.(4) 定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。Eg:She is always the first person that comes to school .主动→She is always the first person to come to school .The report which will be given tomorrow is very importance for us.被动→The report to be given tomorrow is very importance for us.(5) 定语从句简化为what从句。Eg:I couldn’t remember the words that he said .I couldn’t remember what he said.附加练习题:1.The silk _______ is made in Hangzhou sells well.A. that B.who C. what D. /
2. The man_______today left this message for you.
A.called B.has called C.whom called D.who called
3. Do you live near the building ______color is yellow?
A. that B.which C.whose D. its
4. He helped his father on the farm ______they lived.
A. which B.that C.when D. where
5. I’m one of the boys_____never late for school.
A.that is B.who is C.who are D.who am
6. All_____should be done has been done.
A.what B.which C.that D.whatever
7. Jack told me everything _______he knew about it.
A. what B.that C.which D.who
8. My father works in the factory ______this type of truck is made.
A.in where B.in which C.from which D.of which
9. The school_______we visited last week was built in 1956.
A./ B.where C.that D.both A and C
10. This is one of the best films_______I have ever seen.
A.which B.that C.of which D.of that
图片来自网络,如有侵权,请联系作者删除
,免责声明:本文仅代表文章作者的个人观点,与本站无关。其原创性、真实性以及文中陈述文字和内容未经本站证实,对本文以及其中全部或者部分内容文字的真实性、完整性和原创性本站不作任何保证或承诺,请读者仅作参考,并自行核实相关内容。文章投诉邮箱:anhduc.ph@yahoo.com