译林版八年级上册unit4知识点（牛津译林版八年级上册U1-U4单元知识点汇总）

8A Unit1 知识点

1. Can I have something to eat？

1）something to drink/eat 一些喝的/吃的东西，动词修饰不定代词作定语时，需要用它的不定式形式。——形容词修饰不定代词放在不定代词的前面

I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事要告诉你。

Would you like something to eat?想吃点什么吗?

2）情态动词can可用于提出请求，could是can的过去式，但都表现在和将来:can比较直接，不留余地；could比较委婉,含有一定的感情色彩。

I don't have a pen. Can yon lend me one?我没有笔,你能借我一支吗?

Could you do something for me?你能为我做点儿事吗?

注意：回答could的请求不能用could来回答，肯定回答yes,you can。

例题：---Mum, I' m hungry. Is there to eat?

---Yes, you can have some bread on the table.

A. something B. nothing C. anything D. none

2. Can I have some more food？

数字 more 名词= another 数字 名词，“再，又，还”，表示数量在原有基础上的增加。

We need two more pairs of bath slippers.我们另外再要两双洗澡用拖鞋。

你会转换成同义句吗？

例题：We should put_ __in the fire.

A. some more paper B. more some paper C. any more paper D. more any paper

3. Maybe we can share it.

1）maybe，may be区分

maybe adv. （副词），意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。

在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是，可能是”。

maybe和may be可相互转换：He may be in the office.= Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。

You may be right.= Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。

2）share vt.分享，共享；分配；共有 vi.分享 n.一份；股份；分担；犁头

share my joy 分享我的快乐 share sth.with sb.

I share a bedroom with my sister.我和我姐姐合住一间卧室。

You have to do your fair share of the work.你必须做好你该分担的那一份工作。

4. What makes good friends?

1）make在这里是连系动词，表示“成为，适合”，后面接名词或短语。

2）make an excellent teacher 成为一名优秀的教师

v.做；制造；使得；赚（钱）；成功；达成 n.性格；式样；制造；生产量

Finally,I've got to find out what make of man he was.最后,我终于知道了他是怎么样的一个人。

3）make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，后接动词原形，用于被动语态时，使用be made to do sth。

拓展：使役动词，感官动词被动语态用法

感官动词有：see，hear, watch, feel, notice 使役动词有：let，make，have

感官动词有两种用法：一种是“感官动词 sb doing sth”，强调的是看到了正在进行的动作； “感官动词 sb do sth”，强调的是看到了整个过程。与使役动词共同的特点就是：这些动词都有“感官动词/使役动词 动感原形”的用法。如果改成被动语态，我们要加上不定式符号：to。

My good friend often makes me laugh when I am sad. 当我伤心时，我的好朋友常常能使我笑起来。

例1：The performers were very funny and they made us________all the time.

A.laughed B.laughing C.laugh D.to laugh

例2：The young man was often seen ______ by the lake.

A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew.

5. Betty is one of my best friends.

one of 名词复数，表示是..之一。 one of 形容词最高级 名词复数

例题：One of the popular expressions in 2012 _ _ “positive energy”.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

6. You can trust them because they never tell lies.

1）trust n.信任；信托 vi.信任 vt.相信；委托

A good marriage is based on trust.美满的婚姻是建立在互相信任的基础上的。

You must trust in your own judgement.你得相信自己的判断力.

2）lie v.躺下；位于；在于；平放；存在；延伸；说谎 n.谎言

tell lies 说谎 tell stories 讲故事 tell jokes 讲笑话

lie v.动词， 躺 lie ---lay--lain

lay v.放置；躺下；打赌；设计；击倒；产卵；使平静；压平（lay---laid---laid）

The novel is lying on the table.小说平放在桌子上。

The truth lies between two extremes.真理存在两个极端之间。

Obviously, he was lying.显然他是在撒谎。（=telling lies）

翻译：对老师说谎是不对的。

7. She is also slim and has short hair.

has 动词，“长着，”在句中作谓语动词；with 介词，“长着，戴着”，在句中作定语

wear 动词，“穿着，戴着”，在句中作谓语动词；in 介词，“穿着”，在句中作定语

My sister has short hair. 动词，长着，做谓语动词。

对比：The girl with short hair is my sister.介词，长着，做定语，修饰the girl,不可用has,因为句中已经有谓语动词is

My sister wears small round glasses.对比：The girl with small round glasses is my sister.

8. She is also helpful and ready to help people any time.

1）ready adj.准备好的；现成的；乐意的；情愿的

be willing to do sth.= be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事；愿意做某事

The troops were ready for anything.部队已做好了一切准备。

We are ready to render them assistance.我们乐意援助他们。

2）help sb. (to) do sth, 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.

helpful adj.有帮助的；有用的 helpless adj.无助的；无依靠的

3）any time任何时候

例句：Earthquake may happen at_______,we should be ready for it.

A. some time B. sometime C. any time D.anytime

9. She helps me with my homework and she always give her seat on the bus to someone in need.

1）give sth.to sb.=give sb.sth.

2）in need在贫困中；在危难中，处于困境（经济上）；需要帮助，需要资助

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难之交才是真朋友。

3）need v.需要；必需 n.需要；必要；缺乏 aux.需要，必须（无时态、人称变化，后与不带 to 的动词不定式连用，多用于疑问句和否定句）

You look tired. You need a good rest.你看来累了。你需要好好休息一下。

翻译：你为什么不尽你最大的努力去帮助需要帮助的人呢？

10. Max has a good sense of humour.

1）sense n.感官；感觉；意识；鉴赏力；意义；理智；道理；见识 v.感觉；意识到；理解；检测

a sense of ... ......感

I lost my sense of taste.我丧失了味觉。

I had the sense that he was worried about something.我感觉他有心事。

2）have a (good) sense of humour = be (very) humorous (很）有幽默感

例题：I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel-she has a pretty good _____of direction．

A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense

11. They do not fit well under his desk.

1）fit vi.“可容纳，装进”，后接in,into,under等。

They don't fit together. 它们装配不起来。

2）fit v.适合，合身 be fit for适合=be suitable for

This pair of shoes fit perfectly. I will take this pair. 这双鞋大小刚合适,我就买这双了。

3）fit adj.适合的，恰当的，健康的

The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适宜饮用。

翻译：他不是适合照看孩子的人。

12. When he walks past our desks,he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor.

1）walk past 走着经过 past 介词 动词 past = pass 动词

2）knock v.敲击；互撞；攻击 n.敲；敲门；敲打

knock ... onto the floor 把......撞到地板上

Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门。

例题：I'm sorry for___ all your books__ the floor.

A. knock; over B. knock;onto C. knocking;over D. knocking; onto

13. She smiles often and never says a bad word about anyone.

1）say a bad word about sb.说某人的坏话

2）say,speak,talk,tell区分

①　say 说话内容 say to oneself 自言自语；say it in English用英语说..

②　speak 语言; 打电话；作演讲

③　talk with/to sb.; talk about sth.

④　tell sb sth.; tell sb. (not) to do sth.;tell stories/jokes/lies 讲故事/讲笑话/说谎

14. When something worries me,I can always go to her.

1）sb.worry about sth./sb. =sb. be worried about sth./sb. 某人担心某事/某人

sth. worry(worries三单/worried过去式) sb.某事让某人担忧

2）go to sb.向某人求助（turn to sb.for help）

例题：---Oh! We’ve just missed the 8 o’clock film.

--- ________. It’ll be on again in one hour.

A. My pleasure B. Have fun C. Don’t worry D. Good idea

15. What’s he like? ---She is shy and quiet.

区分：what’s he like?人怎么样 What does he look like?长得怎么样

例题：---What does Anna look like?

---_________.

A. She’skind B.She’s tall C. She likes skating D.She’s 15

16. Kate is both my neighbour and my best friend.

both..and两者都是..。

He is both a soldier and a poet. 他既是个战士，又是个诗人。

Both are good. 两者都好。

8A Unit2 知识点

1. Why don’t dogs go to school？

1）why don’t sb. do sth.?= why not do sth.?

2）go/come to school去上学（不加冠词）

She gathered her books and went to school.她收拾好书本去上学。

区分：go to the school到学校去

He went to the school to inquire about his son.他到学校询问儿子的情况。

例题：---A nice day today, isn't it?

---Yes. _____ go for a picnic and relax ourselves?

A. Would you like B. Why don't C. What about D. Why not

2. What’s school like？——It’s like watching TV,but there are fewer advertisements.

1）be like像..（look like看上去像..）

be like doing sth. (like 介词，介词 doing)

2）like doing sth.喜欢做某事

I like swinming.

3）few,a few,little,a little区别

few 可数名词, (a) little 不可数名词 a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点

few / little 为否定含义，没有多少

例题：Although he 's wealthy,he spends on clothes.

A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

3. Learning foreign languages is fun.

1）动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数

Doing exercise is good for our health.

2）foreign adj.外国的/n.外国人

3）fun n.乐趣；娱乐活动；嬉戏，嬉闹；有趣的事 adj.使人愉快的；开心的

funny adj.滑稽的，可笑的

what (great/good) fun! have fun it is fun. (都不要冠词）

词汇运用：We have two f________ teachers here.One is from England,and the other is from America.

4. We can also bring in books and magazines from home.

1）bring in带进....，把....拿进来。

Bring him in with you. 你把他带进来。

2）bring,take,carry区分

bring意为“带来，拿来”，指把某物或某人从另一个地方带到说话的地方来，也可以说是“由远及近”。 Bring me your dictionary tomorrow.明天把你的词典给我拿来。

take(带走)意为把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去，也可以说是“由近及远”，常和介词to构成搭配。

Can you help me take the books to the classroom? 你能帮我把这些书带到教室去吗?

carry意思是“提、扛、搬、携带”，意思较多，但没有方向性。

Will you please carry the box for me? 你替我扛那个箱子好吗?

例题：The No.3 bus will you there.

A.hold B.bring C.carry D.take

5. Time seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books.

1）seem to do sth. 似乎做某事 seem (to be) adj.

He seems（to be)unhappy today.他今天似乎不高兴。

2）It seemed that..

6. He often listens me carefully to my problems and offers me help.

1）listen to,hear区别：

hear表示所听到的结果。

I heard your words. 我听到你说的话了。

listen表示听的动作。

Listen! There is a girl singing outside. 听，外面有个女孩在唱歌。

listen是不及物动词，后面如果要加宾语的话，就要加介词to 因此便有了listen to 还是表示听的动作。 She is listening to the music 她在听歌。

2）offer v.主动提出，自动给予 offer sb.sth=offer sth.to sb.向某人提供某物

provide:provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.

Can you provide accommodation for thirty people? 你能为30个人提供住宿吗?

例题：The little boy his seat to the old lady on the crowded bus.

A.lent B.offered C.provided D.took

8. Our team won two games last month.

1）win v. 后面加比赛，竞赛或者奖项。

They won the basketball match. 他们打赢了这场篮球赛。

2）win,beat区分：这两个词的共同意思是“赢”。其区别是：

beat的宾语是对手,即表示人的名词或代词; 而win的宾语是比赛或奖品等,即表示物的名词或代词。例如:

I beat her at swimming yesterday. 昨天游泳我赢了她。

I won the match yesterday. 我赢了昨天那场比赛。

9. How much time do you spend on your hobbies every day,Daniel?

1）how much用来对价格或者不可数名词提问。

how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often你都知道吗？

2）spend,pay,cost,take区别

①这四个单词均可表示“花费”，但所用主语不同：cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，不能是人；pay 的主语只能是人；spend 的主语也只能是人；take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，也可以是人。

②cost 的宾语通常是钱；pay的宾语大部分是钱；take 的宾语通常是时间；而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间、钱或精力。

③从句型结构来看。四者的通常句型为：

sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱 It costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱

sb pays money for sth 某人付了某物多少钱 sb pays sb money 某人付给某人多少钱

sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱

sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱

It takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱

sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做

sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事

例题：Daisy is such a good daughter that she _______ most of her spare time with her parents.

A.spends B.costs C.takes D.affords

10. I also keep writing in English about my daily life.

1）keep(on)doing sth.持续做某事 keep sb./sth.doing sth.让某人一直做某事

2）daily adj.日常的，相当于everyday

He writes for the daily newspaper. 他为那家日报撰稿。

区分：everyday与every day

daily普通用词，特指每天发生一次的，也可指按日计的。everyday一般日常用词，指日常发生的、无须特别关心的。every day（分开写）意为“每天”，在句中作状语。

例题1：As we all know, it's not polite to keep others for a long time.

A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting

例题2：She keeps ________ English and she is learning fast．

A. to practice to speak; everyday B. to practise speaking; everyday

C. practicing to speaking; every day D. practice speaking; every day

8A Unit 3 知识点

1. What are you going to do,Eddie？

1）be going to 动词原形，一般将来时，表示打算或计划做某事。be随句子主语的人称和数量变化而变化。

We’re going to buy a new TV tomorrow.

He is giong to play football with his friends this Sunday.

2）一般将来时的其他表达形式为：will 动词原形，shall 动词原形。

2. You need to exercise and keep fit.

1）need 意为“需要”，可作实义动词和情态动词

A．实义动词：need 名词/动词不定式

I need much more money. You’re too fat, you need to exercise.

B．need v.ing形式时表示被动意义

The flowers need watering. Your clothes need washing.

C．need 做情态动词时，不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语； 在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前；疑问句中, 则在主语之前。 多用在否定句或疑问句中； 无人称和数的变化； 否定式构成是在后面加 "not"。

You need not attend the meeting tomorrow. You didn't need to tell him the news; it just made him sad.

2）exercise v. 锻炼、训练

You don’t exercise enough.

3）exercise n. “练习”和“早操”讲，是可数名词。

If you want to improve your English,you must do more exercises.

They do morning exercises every morning.

词汇运用：Our English teacher often tells us to do many________(exercise)after class.

3. Let’s enjoy ourselves.

1）let’s引导的句子为祈使句，后面加动词原形

Let’s go!

2）enjoy onesflf 意为“玩的开心”，相当于have a good/great/wonderful time 或者have fun.

onesflf是反身代词，它包括ourselves我们自己；yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己；themselves他/它/她们自己； itself它自己；himself他自己；herself她自己；myself我自己

They enjoyed themselves during the holiday.

3）反身代词的常用句型

enjoy oneself---help oneself to teach oneself sth=learn sth by oneself

hurt oneself 伤到自己 keep sth to oneself 把…放在某人自己心里

leave sb alone by oneself 把某人独自留下

look after oneself=take care of oneself照顾自己

4）enjoy sth./doing sth.,相当于like,love

My little sister enjoys reading picture books.

例题：---Hi, guys. How was your party yesterday?

---Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed __________.

A. themselves B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves

4. How wide is the bridge?

1）特殊疑问句常以how,what开头。How 形容词(long,wide,tall,high) be 主语?

例如how many,how much,how long,how often,how soon....

2）wide adj.宽的，宽广的，引申为范围大的，广泛的。

He has wide knowledge on the subject. 他对于那个问题有渊博的知识。

3）wide adv.广泛的，张的很大的。

Open your mouth wide, so that I may see clearly what's wrong with your teeth.

把嘴张大些,以便我能看清楚你的牙齿有什么毛病。

4）widely adv.

wide通常表示范围或程度的极点, widely通常表示范围或程度的广大，常常不可丈量。

He has travelled widely. 他曾遍游各地。

翻译：

①他把门开得大大的。

He opened the door wide.

②英语在世界范围内广泛使用。

English is widely used in the world.

5. The bridge is made of steel,isn’t it?

1）be made of 意为“由…制成”，强调从成品中可以看得出原材料。

The desk is made of wood. 桌子由木头制成。

2）be made from 也是“由…制成”的意思,强调从成品中看不出原材料。

Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头制成的。

3）be made in “由…制造”，强调产地

This kind of machine is made in China.

4）be made by “被…（人）制造”，说明制造者是谁

This ship is made by the workers.

注意：be made by hand意思是手工制造 be made up of由....组成

5）该句是反义疑问句，前肯后否，前否后肯。

例题1：用(up)of,from,by,in填空

My sweater is made _________ wool.

Our teacher told us that water was made ________oxygen and hydrogen.

例题2：

①Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,________

A. don’t they B. didn’t they C. did they D. do they

②His sister had a bad cough, ______she?

A. wasn’t B. doesn’t C. hadn’t D. didn’t

5. Take care!

1）take care保重，通常用于信件或告别语。

2）take(good)care of=look after sb.(well)

翻译：我会照顾你的孩子的。

6. Yesterday Kitty’s teacher Mr.Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park.

1）invite v.邀请

invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事” I invited him to join our club.

invite sb. to sp. 意为“邀请某人去某地” Amy invited me to her birthday party.

2）invitation n.邀请；邀请函；招待；招致，引诱

I appreciate your invitation.感谢你的邀请。

3）join 意为“加入、参加”，表示加入某个组织、党派或社会团体从而成为其成员。

join the pioneer 加入少先队 join the army 参军

join in 也是“加入、参加”，多指参加比赛或活动，join in=take part in 活动，join sb in doing sth 加入某人做某事 Why didn’t you join in the talk last night?

4）join,join,take part in,attend区别：

join指参加某团体或组织成为其中一员或参加活动，常加club,Party等。

attend主要指“到场”或“出席”会议、宴会、典礼、仪式等，如：class,meeting等。

take part in指参加一项工作,在其中分担一部分,也指参加活动并积极工作，如activity等。

例题：

用 join/join in/take part in/attend 的适当形式填空。

①We're going to visit the flower show tomorrow. Will you __________us?

②How many countries_________ the last Olympic Games?

③He didn't _______-school yesterday because of his illness.

④All the league members_______the meeting,at which ten students _______ the league.

⑤Will you_______us_______playing basketball?

7. We finally arrived at the park.

1）arrive at 意为“到达”，arrive at 小地点（如村、镇、车站等），arrive in 也是“到达”，arrive in 大地点（如国家、大城市等）

2）arrive,get, reach区分

都有“到达”的意思，arrive和get都是不及物动词，前者较正式，后者较口语化。两者之后均不可直接加宾语，但可接here, there, home之类表地点的副词作状语。

We got/ arrived here last night.

要表示“到达某地”，arrive要借助介词in或者at；而get其后需接介词to，

When we got to the park, it began to rain.

reach是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词作宾语，reach Nanjing 到南京。Reach之后也可接here,there,home等词。

例题：

①---When will the plane ___________? --- In an hour.

A. reach B. arrive in C. get to D. arrive

②They arrived Shanghai a cold morning.

A. in: in B. in: on C. at: on D. at: in

8. There are models of more than a hundred places of interest from all over the world.

1）more than=over超过

This city has a population of more than 1,000,000. 这个城市人口超过一百万。

2）数词用法

①当前面有数词以及many，several等词修饰时，这三个词用单数形式，后面直接跟复数名词。

Two hundred old people died of cold last winter. 去年冬天200名老人被冻死。

②当这几个词前面没有数词而后面有of时，则一定要用复数形式，表示数百、 数千等笼统的数目概念。 hundreds of dollars 数百美元

3）interest(使...感兴趣)是完全及物动词。

English interests him a lot. 英文使他很感兴趣。

4）interested adj.人作主语 interesting 物作主语 sb be interested in sth.对....感兴趣

I tried to tell him about it, but he just wasn't interested. 我想把这件事告诉他，可他简直不感兴趣。

I am interested in finding the truth of the story. 我对寻找这个故事的真实性很感兴趣。

5）interest是名词，有复数形式，show/develop interest in sth.对....产生兴趣

Music and dancing are his interests. 音乐和跳舞是他的兴趣。

例题：① Several _______ new books were sold out last week。

A.of thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousand

②The story is_______and all of us are_______in it.

A.interest;interesting B.interesting ;interest

C.interested;interesting D.interesting；interested

9. Luckily,some climbers helped Simon.

1）luck n.运气，幸运 Good luck(with you)!祝你好运

lucky adj.幸运的 luckily-----反义：unluckily

He is really a lucky dog. 他真是个幸运的家伙。

2）help sb.with sb./help sb.do sth.

10. The match takes place on,___,17 October.

1）take place,happen区别

happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。happen to sb．／sth． 指不好的事情发生在某人（物）身上。take place指必然会发生的事情时，多用 take place；此外take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”。

The meeting will take place soon. 会议即将举行。

The accident happened at six o'clock. 事故发生在六点钟。

2）具体的，特指的时间前用on on the morning of 6 January

on a cold morning

翻译：①地震是什么时候发生的？ ②在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。

When did the earthquake happan?

Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.

11. Don’r forget to bring your friends.

1）祈使句否定句型常用don’t开头。

2）forget to do表示忘记去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。

I shall never forget meeting you for the first time. 我将永不会忘记第一次见到你的情景。

常见的搭配还有：remember doing/to do sth.

3）bring,take,carry的区别

bring 表示“拿来”,指从别处拿过来,方向一般是说话者,多指比较近的东西,也可以指带到一个说话人将要到达的地方,有时还可指由说话者随身带着(去某处),可以包括“带走”; take 表示“拿走”“带走”,指从此处拿出去,例如:When you go home take the letter with you.你回家去的时候,把信带去。fetch表示“去拿来”; carry则指“随身带着”,没有明确的方向性,同时强调体力方面的负担,可代替bring和take,例如:The mother carries her baby in her arms.母亲把小宝宝抱在怀里。

例题：--- The light in the office is still on.

--- Oh，I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

12. We will go there by underground.

1）go there中there是副词，因此go to的to可以省略。类似结构还有get home,get there。

2）by undergrond表示乘地铁。

A．用“by 交通工具”表示交通方式。如：by bike, by bus, by car , by plane , by train , by subway 等。但是，“步行”用on foot , 而不是by foot. by 表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词，泛指“乘/坐某种交通工具”，其中名词前无任何修饰语名词前无任何修饰语名词前无任何修饰语名词前无任何修饰语，，，，且只能用单数且只能用单数且只能用单数且只能用单数。

B．用"take a 交通工具”表示交通方式。如：take a bus , take a train , take a ship , 但“骑自行车”要用ride a bike 来表达

C．in/on in/on in/on in/on 表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词 ,,,, 或泛指或特指“乘/坐某种交通工具”，其中名词前常有冠词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰语，名词可以是单数或复数。

13. The cost is about....

1）spend,pay,cost,take用法

spend(spent,spent) pay(paid,paid) cost(cost,cost) take(took,taken)

A．spend( 主语是人)

spend 时间/钱 on sth. I spent 100 yuan on the dictionary.

spend 时间/钱 (in) doing sth. He spends an hour doing his homework every day.

B．pay(主语是人) pay (钱) for sth. Sandy paid 10 yuan for the pen.

C．cost(主语是物) The pen cost Sandy 10yuan.

D．take(常跟在形式主语It 后, 或一件事做主语,只能表示花时间，不能表示花钱)

It took them two hours to get to the city centre by underground.

The trip from their school to the museum took them two hours by bus.

E．afford 支付得起 主语是人，afford sth. afford to do sth.

2）商品用cheap,expensive；价格用high,low；cost用little,much。

例题：①How much did the new skirt ______ you?

A. cost B.take C.spend D.pay

②---What about going to the concert this weekend?

---Sounds great,but the ticket is too expensive,I can't ________it.

A.spend B.cost C.pay D afford

③The price of this computer is expensive.

(宜改为：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )

The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.

(宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )

8A Unit 4 知识点

1. Here are clear instructions.

1）clear adj. adj.

清楚的；明确的；明白(某事)的；清晰的；清澈的；晴朗的；头脑清醒的

v.清空；清除；澄清；放晴

I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal. 我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝了他的建议。

The government should clear up the question of responsibility. 公司应使责任问题明朗化。

2）instruction n. 指令；教学；教诲；说明

I will take the medicine according to the instructions. 我会按说明来服药的。

2. You’d better get some tools.

1）had better(常简略为'd better)是一固定词组，had better"最好"，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。

①.had better后面必须跟动词原形。

②.主语不论是第几人称，句子不论是什么时态，都要用had better的形式

③.had better的否定式是将否定副词not直接放在had better的后面。

2）get v.得到；使得；抓住；克服；明白；激怒；患（病）；达到 n.生育；后代；救球

The problem is when to get the money we need.问题是什么时候能得到我们所需要的钱。

We will find ways to get over the difficulties.我们会找到克服困难的办法。

3. When you do DIY,you make,repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it.

1）instead of (doing) sth. 代替(做)某事

2）instead adv.(副词)用作状语

If you can't go,I will go instead.如果你不能去,我替你去。

3）instead of，without的区别

一般情况下，用人，事，行为去代替另外的人，事，或行为时，用instead of。

表示人，事，行为不和其他的一起时，用without。

I'll have tea instead of coffee, please.我要喝茶而不是咖啡，谢谢。

She often goes swimming without telling her mother.她经常没有告诉于她妈妈就去游泳了。

4）pay sb.to do sth.付款给某人做某事 pay for sth.为....付款

例题：用spend,pay,take,cost填空

①It often about 3 hours to get to school from my home.

②--- Who will for the bill? ---Maybe our boss.

③The house him 30,000 dollars.

④His cousin the whole day making the toy car yesterday.

翻译：让我们去远足而不是呆在家里，好吗？

4. Another time,he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall,but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water.

1）put常见短语

put down写下；记下 put forward提出（意见、建议） put off延期；推迟

put out熄灭；关熄；扑灭 put through接通电话 put up举起；抬起；张开（伞）

put up with忍受；忍耐；受苦 put away把...收起;放好

put in 插入；种植 put on 穿衣服；穿上 put down 扑灭，平息，镇压

2）fill… with… 用…填充…=be full of充满

He gave a boring speech full of stale jokes.他的发言很乏味,满是陈腐的笑话。

例题：用put的短语填空

①We the tools before we leave the workshop.

②All the medical workers in the region helped to the influenza epidemic（流感）.

③Never until tomorrow what you can do today.

例题2：---The box is much too heavy to carry.What’s in the box?

---Oh,it is_______books.

A.filled with B.covered with C.full with D.used for

5. Now his living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor.

not only…but also…. 不仅…而且…;…和…都（就近原则）

Mary not only cleaned the room but washed the window.玛丽不但清扫房间而且也洗刷窗子。

例题：_______Tom_______Marry speaks good Chinese,so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well.

A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.Either;or

6. I also advised him to take a course in DIY.

1）advise v. 建议

advise sb. (not) to do… 建议某人(不)做…

I would advise you to keep out of the way when the teacher is rousting out the bad boys in the class.我要忠告你，当老师训斥班上调皮学生的时候，你要避开一点。

2）advice n.(不可数) 建议

I asked the teacher for her advice.我征求这位老师的意见。

3）suggest建议（后加Ving形式） suggestion可数名词

I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。

Can you give me any suggestion on this matter?关于这件事，你能给我一些建议吗？

例题：---I like the new teacher.

--- Me, too. Yesterday she gave me _______on studying Chinese.

A. some advices B. an advice C. many advices D. some advice

7. So instead,I am reading all the books myself and attending lesons every Saturday.

1）attend v.出席；参加；

Did you attend the memorial meeting?追悼会你参加了吗?

2）attend v.照料；注意；专心于

You're going out? But who will attend to the baby?你要出去?那谁来照料这婴儿。

3）join,take part in,attend区分

A．join有两个用法：

①指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。

When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的？

②和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.，根据上下文，in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。

Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？

B．join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。

Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。

B．take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。

We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。

【注意】take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。

Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。

C．attend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。如：

He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要的会议。

例题：He had to_______a wedding.

A.join B.join in C.take part in D.attend

8. Some of the fruit will quickly______when you leave it______for some time.

1）when引导的时间状语从句遵循主将从现的原则。

Iron will melt when it is made very hot. 当铁烧得很热时就会熔化的。

2）leave使....处于某种状态（形容词） leave the door open

3）some time,sometime,some times,sometimes区分

sometimes用作副词，表示“有的时候”，与from time to time 意思相同。sometimes是频率副词，它暗指某动作(在过去、现在或将来)有时候重复。

Sometimes I get up at six.

sometime 用作副词。表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，表示“某个时候”，它后面应该接一个过去或将来的时间。

We will have a meeting sometime next week.(sometime last year,sometime next month等常修饰非延续性的谓语)

some time 表示"一些时间"或“一段时间”，可以用作名词或副词短语。 some time表"某一段时间"时，常常修饰延续性的谓语。

She stayed in bed for some time.

some times 是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”，

I met him some times in the street last month.

练习题：用sometimes，sometime，some times或some time完成下面的句子→

①---Will you stay in Beijing for __________?

---Yes, I will.

② __________ he goes to school by bike and __________ by bus.

③The museum was built __________ before 1258.

④After __________, Mr Liu came back from abroad.

⑤He has been told not to play computer games too much __________.

——reads

,