初中非谓语动词解题套路（中考非谓语动词与谓语动词一次性搞清楚）

一、非谓语动词１、什么是非谓语动词

英语动词用法比较灵活，几乎可以充当所有句子成分，在句子中充当谓语的动词叫谓语动词，在句子中充当除谓语外的其它成分的动词叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种基本形式即不定式、现在分词与过去分词，非谓语动词的否定形式不需要借助助动词，可以直接在前面加平定词“not”，非谓语动词在句子中充当成分如下：

２、非谓语动词的含义与解题思路

非谓语动词有三种基本形式，在实际运用中到底用哪种形式取决于非谓语动词的含义。非谓动词的含义可以从时间与语态两个方面来理解，非谓语动词的解题思路也就是考虑非谓动词的时态与语态这两个方面，非谓动词的时态、语态含义如下：

二、谓语动词１、谓语时态基本概念

谓语动词是中考重点语法考查项目之一，我们在解题时一定要考虑谓语动词的三个方面即谓语动词的时态、语态与主谓一致。时态是指一定的时间里动作所处状态，时态是时间与状态的结合。时间可分为过去、现在、将来、过去将来四种，状态有一般态、进行态、完成态及完成进行态四种，因此英语理论上有16种时态。初中阶段只要求我们掌握8种时态的运用，这8种时态构成如下：

时态四分法是把时间分为过去，现在，将来及过去将来四种，把动作状态分为一般态，进行态，完成态及完成进行态四种。时态二分法是把时间分为相对具体时间与非具体时间两种，把动作状态分为一般态与具体态两种，具体态包括进行态，完成态及完成进行态。具体时间与非具体时间是相对于某个动作而言的，当一个动作我们不知道或没有必要知道其发生具体时间时我们应把它当作非具体时间。 时间与状态的对应关系是：具体时间对应的是具体态，非具体时间对应的是一般态。例如yesterday这一时间状语，按四分法为过去时间，按二分法为非具体时间，所以时态应为一般过去时，再如时间状语this time yesterday, 按四分法为过去时间，按二分法为具体时间, 故其时态应为过去进行时。

２、时态的解题思路

1）利用二分法与四分法分析时间状语。

2）若句子中没有时间状语，先根据语境推理出动作发生的时间，再按二分法与四分进行分析。

3）解时态题时还应注意说话人的用意与动词的性质，比如我们通过二分法与四分法分析得某个时间状语为过去、非具体时间，应该用一般过去时，但如果说话人强调的是过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果时，我们不能用一般过去时，应当用现在完成时。非延续性动词不能用完成时，比如我们不能说：“He has died for three years.”

３、谓语语态

语态指的是主语、谓语与宾语之间的关系，当谓语动词为及物动词时，谓语有主动与被动两种语态，。若主语为动作的发出者，宾语是动词的承受者，谓语用主动语态形式；若主语为动词的承受者，则谓语用被动语态形式。谓语的被动形式是由be 过去分词构成。谓语动词各种时态的被动语态变化如下：

４、 主谓一致

主谓一致是指谓语受主语支配，谓语动词须和主语在人称和数量上保持一致。当主语为第一或第三人称单数时，多数谓语动词有形态的变化。其变化形式如下：

三、非谓语动词强化练习

用所给词的适当形式填空

1. Shall we go ___________ (swim) this afternoon?

答案： swimming

2. They have a lot of work ________(do).

答案：to do

3. The boss often makes Tom ___________(go) to bed late.

答案： go

4. I helped my parents __________(do) some housework yesterday.

答案： (to) do

5. Do you think it is good for animals __________(live) in a zoo?

答案：to live

6. She told me ____________(read) more books when I had time.

答案：　to read

7. My parents want me ___________(stay) at home every night.

答案：to stay

8. Maybe you should ____________(buy) some new clothes.

答案：buy

9. There are lots of boys ______________(play) football over there.

答案：playing

10. _________(make) a meal at home is very interesting and full of time.

答案：Making

11. Be careful not ___________(hurt) yourself.

答案：to hurt

12. If you finish ___________(do) your homework, you may watch TV.

答案：doing

13. I am better at reading than ___________(listen) in English.

答案：listening

14. I was sorry ______________(hear) that she had a cold.

答案：to hear

15. How about __________(visit) the museum this afternoon?

答案：visiting

16. You can choose _____________(visit) Singapore.

答案：to visit

17. ____________ (drop) litter is never allowed.

答案：Dropping

18. I’ll try _____________(not be) late again.

答案：not to be

19. Mrs. Brown enjoys _________(play) ping pong.

答案：playing

20. She doesn’t know what_______(do).

答案：

21. We do well in ___________(skate).

答案：to do

22. Jack is the first one ___________(get) to school.

答案：to get

23. My hobby is ___________(collect) old coins.

答案：collecting

24. Thanks for ___________(help) me so much.

答案：helping

25. They would like__________(go) to the park. But they have no time.

答案：to go

四、谓语动提升练习

用所给词的适当形式填空

1. When _________ it___________ (arrive)? Three hours ago.

答案：did ; arrive

2. She won’t study anymore if she _______ (not get) money.

答案： doesn’t get

3. You’ll fail in the exam if you _____________ (not work) harder.

答案： doesn’t get

4. Kids won’t go to school if they __________ (have) computers.

答案：have

5. We ___________ (not leave) until we finish planting the trees.

答案：won't leave

6. Two people ____________ (wait) in line to buy ice cream.

答案：are waiting

7. I _________ (argue) with my best friend yesterday.

答案：argued

8. Mum isn’t at home .She ____________ ( go) shopping.

答案：has gone

9. While John __________ (walk), he saw a cat in the tree.

答案：was walking

10. It __________ (look) like snow, doesn’t it?

答案：looks

11. What____________ (happen) at that time?

答案：was happening

12. The No. 15 bus stops here, _________ (do) it?

答案：doesn't

13. I have never been to USA. Neither __________ (have) my sister.

答案：has

14. The man _______ (fall) off his bike and_________ (lie) on the ground.

答案：fell; lay

15. My brother ______________ (wash) his clothes at 8:00 a.m. yesterday.

答案：was washing

16. Where is Mr.Hu? He______________ (go) to Japan.

答案：has gone

17. How long ____________you ______________ (copy) the words?

答案：have been copying

18. Kate told me she ____________ (call) me tomorrow.

答案：would call

19. The police ______________ (watch) him for several weeks.

答案：have watched

20. If I don’t finish my homework, my mother ________(not let) me out.

答案：won't let

21. She _________ (buy) a dictionary last week.

答案：bought

22. Li Lei often _________ (help) Lucy learn Chinese.

答案：helps

23. What _______you _________ (do) since I last saw you?

答案：have been doing

24. Look! Bill is__________ (run).He__________ (practice) running for 3 years.

答案：running; has practised

25. She (wait) for you since 3 o’clock.

答案： has been waiting

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