九年级英语人教版第3单元知识点(人教版九年级英语13)
[重点语法】动词不定式做目的状语时的用法
To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染,我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。
本句中To cut down air pollution是动词不定式作目的状语。
1. 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语
不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。
例如:I've written it down in order not to forget.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较:
To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.(正)
To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(误)
由 in order to 引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由 so as to 引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。比较:
They started early in order to get there in time.(正)
In order to get there in time, they started early.(正)
They started early so as to get there in time.(正)
So as to get there in time, they started early.(误)
2. 不定式的复合结构作目的状语
当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for 名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如:
He opened the door for the children to come in.
She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.
3. 目的状语从句与不定式的转换
英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况:
(1)当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如:
We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.
We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.
(2)当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时,要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如:
I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting.
Unit14 I remember meeting ... Grade 7.
【重点短语】
1. win a prize 获奖
2. do a school survey 做一个学校调查
3. meet the standard of a strict teacher 满足一位要求严格的老师的要求
4. meet this group of friends 遇到这群朋友
5. score two goals in a row 连续踢进两个球
6. learn to play the keyboard 学会弹钢琴
7. be patient with sb 对……有耐心
8. work out the answer yourself 自己找出答案
9. guide sb to do sth 指导某人做某事
10. put in more effort 更加努力
11. look back at 回首
12. pride of overcoming fear 克服恐惧感的自豪
13. make a great big mess 弄得一团糟
14. keep my cool 保持我的清高
15. try to be on time for morning reading 尽力赶上早读
16. look forward to doing sth 期望做某事
17. join the school swim team 加入学校游泳队
18. get a business degree 取得一个商业学位
【重点句型】
1. ---What happened in Grade7 that was special? 在七年级时发什么了什么特别的事?
---Our team won the school basketball competition.
我们队赢了学校的蓝球比赛。
2. ---How have you changed since you started junior high school?
你上中学后有什么变化?
---I've become much better at speaking English.
我在说英语上比以前更好。
3. How do you think things will be different in senior high school?
你认为在高中会有什么不同?
---I think that I'll have to study much harder for exams.
我想我将更加为考试努力学习。
4. ---What are your plans for next year? 你明年的计划是什么?
---I'm going to join the school volleyball team. 我将加入学校排球队。
5. ---What do you remember about Grade 8. 关于八年级你记得什么?
---I remember being a volunteer. 我记得当一名志愿者。
6. ---What do you use to do that you don't do now?
你以前做而现在不做的事是什么?
---I used to take dance lessons, but I don't anymore.
我以前上舞蹈课,但现在不上了。
7. ---What are you looking forward to? 你期望做什么?
---I'm looking forward to going to senior high school. 我期望上高中。
【考点详解】
1. She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were.
她帮助你自己算出答案,无论它们有多难。
no matter常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句,意为“不管……,无论……”,在运用时应注意以下几点:
(1)注意从句的时态
由no matter what/who/where/when引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。如:No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.
无论你是谁,都应该遵守规则。
(2)注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置
no matter what/whose/which修饰名词时,该名词必须紧跟其后;no matter how修饰形容词或副词时,该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。
如:No matter how hard he works, he find it difficult to make ends meet. 无论他多么努力工作,却总是入不敷出。
(3)注意“no matter 疑问词”结构与“疑问词 ever”在用法上的区别:
①“no matter 疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,这时可以和“疑问词 ever”互换。
如:No matter where he may be (=Wherever he may be), he will be happy. 他无论在什么地方都快乐。
② 而“疑问词 ever”还可以引导名词性从句。
如:Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。(这里不能用no matter who)
③ whoever既可引导名词性从句,又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等;whomever也可引导名词性从句,但只能在从句中作宾语。
如:You may invite whomever you like.
2. caring adj. 体贴人的
如:I will miss the school trees and flowers and our kind and caring teachers. 我会怀念学校的树木花草以及我们善良,体贴的老师。
3. go ahead, 注意以下用法:
(1)表示同意或允许,意为“说吧”、“做吧”
A:May I start? 我可以开始了吗?
B:Yes, go ahead. 好,开始吧。
(2)表示继续做某事,意为“继续…吧”
Go ahead. We are all listening. 继续讲吧,我们都在听呢!
4. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldn't forget where you came from.
当你出发踏上你的新的旅程时,不要望了你来自哪里。
set out 意为“出发;开始;陈述”。
例句:The professor sets out his ideas clearly in his article.
在这篇文章中教授清楚地表明了自己的想法。
set的用法:
(1)set about sth./doing sth. 着手做某事
如:We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.
我们以极大的热情立即着手这项任务。
(2)set aside 放在一边,搁置;存蓄,留下
如:My parents set aside a bit of money every month.
我的父母每个月都存点钱。
(3)set off 动身,出发;燃放(鞭炮等),使……爆炸或发出响声
如:After we had finished eating, he proposed to set off immediately.
我们吃完饭后,他建议立即动身。
(4)set out 动身,出发;set out to do sth. 打算或着手做某事。
如:They set out as the sun was rising.
太阳升起时,他们就出发了。
(5)set up 竖起来,支起来;建立,成立。
如:The school has set up a special class to help slow students.
学校成立了一个特殊的班级,帮助那些后进生。
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