英语动词类型（英语动词形式）

英语动词形式

每个动词有多达五种形式:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。

动词原形

动词的词根就是这个词的原形。根没有共轭，不包括前缀或后缀。

某个动词的词根与去掉“to”的不定式相同。请看下面的例子:

to see – see

to be – be

to wear – wear

to go – go

一个动词的词根形式被用来创造这个动词的其他形式。规则动词总是如此，但不规则动词可能就不适用了，这取决于时态。下面的例子说明了这个概念。

I am going to school.

(原形: go)

What did you do yesterday?

(原形: do)

The girl showed her mother the picture she drew in school.

(原形: show)

He had eaten three hamburgers.

(原形: eat)

动词的第三人称单数形式

第三人称单数(he/she/it/one)的变化形式与其他变化形式不同。对于规则动词，这种动词形式以s结尾(有时也以es结尾)。想想下面的例子：

He often sees the sun rising up in the morning.

She watches TV in the evening.

It shrinks when the temperature drops.

动词的现在分词形式

现在分词的动词形式是通过在词根加上-ing来形成的。它用于动词的过去时、现在时和将来进行时。看看下面的例子:

We’re coming to the party tonight.

(come – coming)

They have been drawing for hours.

(draw – drawing)

We will be washing the car before vacation.

(wash – washing)

动词的过去式和过去分词

规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式是词根 ed，只用于过去时态。考虑下面的例子:

We shopped for hours on Saturday afternoon.

(shop – shopped)

The books were stacked on the shelf.

(stack – stacked)

He had played computer games for the whole weekend.

(play – played)

有些不规则动词的过去分词很难确定。如果你对过去分词没有把握，最好查一下字典。下面是一些不规则动词的例子:

I had forgiven him for his unkind words.

Simon had lit candles all around the room.