六年级英语现在进行时知识点总结（初中英语精准语法）

精准课题：现在完成时2

定义/语境：讲述过去一直持续到现在的事情或状态。

基本结构：主语 has/have 动词过去分词

时间状语：for 一段时间，since 过去的时间点，how long, in the past/last 一段时间

关联/辨异：

现在完成时用法一：有关键词，无时间状语；与短暂性动词搭配使用

现在完成时用法二：有特定的时间状语；肯定句与延续性动词搭配使用；否定句与短暂性动词搭配使用

• 经典例题：

请判断下列句子是否正确，：

1 He has died for ten years.

2 I have bought my mobile photo for half a year.

3 The film has begun for 10 minutes.

4 I haven't seen him for a long time.

• 基础积累：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。

1 want _____________ ______________ 2 enjoy _____________ _____________

3 move _____________ _____________ 4 live _____________ ______________

5 study _____________ _____________ 6 cry _____________ ______________

7 stop _____________ ______________

8 fly ______________ ______________ 9 grow _____________ ______________

10 know _____________ ____________ 11 hear _____________ ______________

12 hide _____________ _____________ 13 hurt ______________ ______________

14 hit _____________ ______________ 15 pay _____________ ______________

• 新知理解：表since 过去时间点的四种情况。

a. since 过去的某年/月/星期几, 如 since 1999/last September/Tuesday

b. since then: 自那时候起

c. since 一段时间 ago, 如 since three days ago

d. since 过去时的句子,构成“主完从过”的复合句。如 I have lived here since my father found a job in this city.

用for或since填空:

1 I have been ill _____________ about three days.

2 I have had my dog ______ I was ten years old.

3 He has been in China _________ about ten years.

4 Mr. Johnson has been a teacher in China _________ 2011.

5 I haven't done much exercise ______________ I got my computer last year.

完成句子：

1 大明已经在这所学校工作三年了。

Daming has worked here _________________________________.

2 自那时起，他们就住在北京了。

_____________________ they have lived in Beijing.

3 自从去年离开山西，我就没见过他了。

I haven't met him ___________________________.

4 他去世很久了。

He has been dead ______________________ .

短暂性动词与延续性动词互换表：

当现在完成时与for 一段时间、since 一个过去的时间点、how long或in the past/last 一段时间等时间状语连用时，下列动词要变成对应的持续性表达。

借 borrow-- keep，例句： I have kept this book for a week.

买 buy-- have，例句：I have had this bike for three months.

打开 open-- be open，例句： The company has been open since 1999.

关闭 close-- be closed，例句： The factory has been closed since 1999.

离开 leave-- be away from，例句： My brother has been away from his hometown for 15 years.

死亡 die-- be dead，例句： He has been dead for a year.

来/去/到达 come/go/reach/arrive-- be in，例句： We have been in this school for over one year.

患感冒 catch/get a cold-- have a cold，例句：He has had a cold for three days.

开始/放映 begin/start-- be on，例句： The film has been on for 10 minutes.

参加 join-- be in，例句： He has been in the Party since 2000.

交朋友 make friends-- be friends，例句： We have been friends for 20 years.

感兴趣 become/get interested in-- be interested in，例句： He has been interested in science

since he was five years old.

阶梯练习：

解题方法：

1） 查找时间状语，如题中出现"for 一段时间，since 过去的时间点，how long, in the past/last 一段时间"等时间状语，本题的考点是现在完成时 延续性动词；

2）理解语境，题中没有出现相应的时间状语，读懂题目，理解题中所讲的是否从过去持续到现在的事情或状态，如果是，本题的考点是现在完成时 延续性动词。

一、单项选择：

1 I have ____________ here since I was born.

A left B come C lived D came

2 I ____________ this car for a year.

A have bought B. bought C have had D have got

3 The shop ____________ since last week.

A closed B has closed C has been closed D was closed

4 How long have you __________ this book?

A borrowed B kept C bought D have

5 – How long have you been a Party member?

-- I _____________the Party for 3 years.

A joined B join C have joined D have been in

6 – How long have you studied German?

-- __________________.

A Since two years B For two years ago C Since 2005 D Two years before

7 We haven't seen each other _____________ to her country.

A since she has gone back B when she went back C since she went back D when she has back

8 -- ____________ has she worn glasses?

-- She has worn glasses for three years.

A When B How long C How much D How soon

9 – Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

-- Yes, since he ______________ the Chinese Club.

A has joined B joins C had joined D joined

10 My brother left school in 2008. Since then he ________ in Beijing.

A lives B lived C will lived D has lived

11 He went abroad two years ago, but he had no money to come back. He ____________ his

hometown for two years.

A has left B will leave C has been away from D left

12 Mike _____________ Foshan. He _______________ it last year.

A has visited, visited B visited, visited C has visited, has visited D visited, has visited

13 How many machines ___________ in the last few weeks?

A did they make B will they make C have they made D had they made

14--- Is your father a Party member?

---Yes, he ______ the Party three years ago. He ______ a Party member for three years.

A has joined, joined B has joined, was C joined, was D joined, has been

15 David has ________________ China for five years.

A been to B come to C arrived in D been in

二、翻译句子：

1 你教他们英语多久了？

___________________________________?

2 自从他回来以后，我们就成为了好朋友。

______________________________ since he came back.

3 我们从四岁开始就互相认识了。

We have known each other _____________________________.

4 她离开北京四年了。

____________________________________ for 4 years.

5 在过去的5年里我一共去了五个不同的国家。

I have been to five different countries ____________________.

6 披得去世已经有10年了。

Peter ____________________________________.

7 你在那里呆了多久？

_______________________________________________?

8 自2011年起，这家公司就倒闭了。

________________________________________________.

9 通尼买了照相机多久了？

How long ______________________________________________?

10 这本书我能借多久？

___________________________________________________________?

三、用括号内的时间短语改写句子：

1 He has caught a cold. (for 2 days)

_________________________________________________.

2 John has borrowed the CD player. (since last week) ___________________________________________________.

3 They have broken this window. (five minutes ago) ___________________________________________________.

4 His family has left the USA. (for several years.) ____________________________________________________.

5 My sister has been a Party member since 15 years ago. (15 years ago)

______________________________________________________.

6 I have been in this school for two years. (in 2015)

_________________________________________________________.

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