心脏的细胞一天更新多少（核言碎语144）

111 核素

Nuclides

（https://www.nuclear-power.com/）

核素

Xenon

氙

Xenon is a naturally-occurring chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for xenon is Xe. Xenon is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas found in the Earth’s atmosphere in trace amounts.

氙是天然存在的化学元素，原子序数为54，这意味着原子结构中有54个质子和54个电子。氙的化学符号是Xe。氙是一种无色、致密、无味的惰性气体，微量存在于地球大气中。

Natural xenon consists of eight stable isotopes, 124Xe (0.095%), 126Xe (0.089%), 128Xe (1.91%), 129Xe (26.4%), 130Xe (4.07%), 131Xe (21.23%), 132Xe (26.91%), 134Xe (10.44%), and one isotope with very long half-life 136Xe (8.86%).

天然氙由8种稳定同位素组成：124Xe(0.095%)、126Xe(0.089%)、128Xe(1.91%)、129Xe(26.4%)、130Xe(4.07%)、131Xe(21.23%)、132Xe(26.91%)、134Xe(10.44%)和1种半衰期很长的同位素136Xe(8.86%)。

In nuclear industry, especially artificial xenon 135 has a tremendous impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. For physicists and for reactor operators, it is important to understand the mechanisms that produce and remove xenon from the reactor to predict how the reactor will respond following changes in power level.

在核工业中，特别是人工氙135对核反应堆的运行有着巨大的影响。对于物理学家和反应堆操作人员来说，重要的是要了解反应堆产生和去除氙的机制，以预测反应堆在功率水平变化后将如何响应。

Another important isotope is the xenon 133, which has half-life of 5.2 days, and its presence in a reactor coolant indicates (together with xenon 135) a possible failure of fuel cladding. A new defect will often result in a step increase in only the Xe-133 activity, which is measured from reactor coolant. As the defect enlarges, the release rate of the soluble, longer-lived nuclides, particularly I-131, I-134, Cs-134, and Cs-137 will increase.

另一个重要的同位素是氙133，其半衰期为5.2天，它在反应堆冷却剂中的存在（和氙135一起）表明燃料包壳可能出现故障。一个新的缺陷通常只会导致Xe-133活度的逐步增加，这是从反应堆冷却剂测量的。随着缺陷的增大，可溶的、寿命较长的核素，特别是I-131、I-134、Cs-134和Cs-137的释放速度将增加。

（待续）