陕西省专升本英语作文必背（托福雅思作文考试）

陈石英 国画 《多福》

1.immaturity n.心智不成熟

Teenagers sometimes fail to make accurate judgments due to their immaturity.

青少年有时因为心智不成熟无法做准确的判断。

2.prison cell 牢房

Living in the prison cell with narrow space and unfriendly environment for a long time, criminals will possibly suffer from severe psychological issues, making them more anti-social.

在狭窄的、环境恶劣的牢房住长时间，罪犯有可能会遭受严重的心理问题，使得他们更加反社会。

3.put sb. into the prison/jail把．．．投进监狱

Some people are in favor of putting those convicts of either major or minor crimes into the prison/jail in case they reoffend.

一些人赞成把那些不管犯了大罪还是小罪的罪犯都投进监狱，以防他们再次犯罪。

4.imprison/incarcerate someone 监禁

It is undeniable that imprisoning/incarcerating those who violate the laws can contribute to maintaining social security and stability.

毫无疑问监禁那些违反法律的人有助于维护社会安全和稳定。

5.imprisonment 关押

Imprisonment of lawbreakers that deprives them of their freedom would possibly offer them an opportunity to reflect on their behaviors.

关押违法者使得他们失去自由，这样或许能给他们一个机会来反思自己的行为。

6.rehabilitate 改造

By sending the criminals to prison, they will not only be punished by deprivation of freedom but can be rehabilitated for their future life after the sentence term.

把罪犯送入监狱，他们不仅仅会受到失去自由的处罚，而且会得到改造以便过好服刑结束之后的生活。

7.reform/rehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯

One of the major functions of imprisonment is to reform/rehabilitate criminals so that they can live a normal life after they finish their sentence.

监禁的一个主要功能是改造罪犯，以便他们结束服刑之后可以过正常的生活。

8.law enforcement agencies 执法部门

Law enforcement agencies should enhance supervision over those who have served their sentence to prevent them from committing crimes again.

执法部门应该加强对服完刑的人员的监管，以防他们再次犯罪。

万安作品 牡丹第一人

9.heinous crimes/felony 重罪

It is extremely necessary to sentence the convicts of heinous crimes/felony a longer prison term through which they can be fully rehabilitated and re-educated.

极有必要判重罪犯者更长的服刑期，这样他们可以得到充分的改造和再教育。

10. petty crime/ misdemeanour (BrE)轻罪

Petty crime/misdemeanour offenders should be separated from those felony convicts to avoid cases where the former one is encouraged to take revenge after communicating with the latter.

轻罪罪犯应该与重罪罪犯分隔开，避免前者受到后者鼓励而采取报复行为的情况出现。

11. a penalty of 2 years' imprisonment 两年监禁处罚

A penalty of two years' imprisonment will possibly have an adverse influence on juvenile culprits, only leading to a worse consequence.

两年监禁处罚有可能会对青少年罪犯起到不利影响，只可能会导致更差的后果。

12fe imprisonment 无期徒刑

Provided that those who are sentenced to death behave well, they will have the chance to be commuted to life imprisonment.

倘若被判死刑的人表现良好，他们有机会减刑到无期徒刑。

13. capital punishment/death penalty 死刑

Some people, which oppose against capital punishment/death penalty, claim that it is immoral and inhuman to do so, but some others believe it is deterrent.

一些反对死刑的人声称死刑是不道德、不人道的，但是另一些人认为死刑具有威慑力。

14.probation 缓刑

Only when the criminals behave properly and do not show any intention of re-offending can they be put on probation.

只有当罪犯行为正当，没有再犯的意向的时候他们才可以得到缓刑处理。

15.potential criminals 潜在罪犯

Imprisonment not only restricts the freedom of criminals, but can deter potential criminals from violating the law, so as to reduce the rate of crimes.

监禁不仅可以限制罪犯的自由，而且可以阻止潜在罪犯做出违法行为，从而降低犯罪率。

16.despair绝望，失去信心

Some juvenile culprits act illegally because their parents are not responsible, leaving them in despair.

一些青少年罪犯之所以违法是因为他们家长不负责任，让他们处于绝望中。

丁步广作品：仙小琼楼

17.desperate 绝望的

Some unemployed people were so desperate that they did something that broke the law, such as robbery or theft.

一些失业的人是非常绝望的，以至于他们做了一些违法的事情，比如抢劫或偷窃。

18.the incidence of crime 犯罪率

Although great efforts have been taken by the government to prevent the occurrence of criminal act, the incidence of crime still shows no sign of decreasing.

尽管政府已经付出巨大的努力来阻止犯罪行为的出现，但是犯罪率仍然没有要下降的迹象。

19.incidence 发生率

The incidence of crimes has been increasing with more and more people becoming unemployed.

犯罪的发生率随着失业人数的增加而上升。

20.recidivism 再犯、重犯

There are no measures that can fully ensure recidivism does not occur, but still, solutions like offering criminals training on practical skills can be adopted to reduce it.

没有措施能够完全保证再犯不会发生，但是仍然有一些办法可以用来降低再犯，比如为罪犯提供实用技能培训。

21.financial burden 财政负担

The increase in the crime rate has brought heavy financial burden to the government, as more police needs to be employed to tackle with criminal cases.

犯罪率的上升给政府带来了沉重的财政负担，因为需要雇佣更多的警察来处理犯罪事件。

22.tax revenue 税收

The government should allocate an appropriate amount of tax revenue to enhance the training and education of both adult and juvenile criminals to reduce the possibility of re-offending.

政府应该分配适量税收来加强成年罪犯和青少年罪犯的培训和教育，降低再次犯罪的可能性。

23. penalty 惩罚

No matter how severe the penalty is, it is nearly impossible to completely eliminate crimes.

不管惩罚多重，都几乎不可能完全消除犯罪。

24.rudimentary 基本的、退化的、发育不完全 （生物上）

Actually the criminals may only receive rudimentary training when they are in the prison, which is far less than enough for them to seek a job after being released.

事实上在监狱的时候，犯罪的人可能只接受基本的训练，这远远没有办法让他们在出狱之后找到工作。

李泽霖老师 八仙过海

25.fundamental,elementary 基本的

One of the fundamental/elementary reasons why people commit crimes is that they have little knowledge about the law or they simply defy the law.

人们犯罪的一个最基本的原因是他们缺少法律知识，或者仅仅是蔑视法律。

26. commit a crime 犯罪

A large number of people commit crimes because they are lack of skills that are needed to earn a living.

很多人犯罪，因为他们缺少谋生的技能。

27.precaution 预防

Precaution needs to be taken before juveniles who show criminal tendency to conduct some illegal activities.

在显露出犯罪倾向的青少年做出违法行为之前，有必要做好预防措施。

28.offences (BrE) /crimes/criminal acts 罪行

It seems that there is little possibility to completely eliminate offences/crimes／criminal acts even though great measures have been taken to deal with them.

尽管已经采取了很多措施来应对犯罪行为，但是看起来没有可能完全消除犯罪。

29.criminal/offender/culprit/perpetrator罪犯

When criminals/offenders/culprits/perpetrators are released from the prison, they usually face many difficulties like not being accepted by other people, or being unable to find a job.

当罪犯从监狱里出来之后，他们通常会面临着很多困难，比如不被其他人们接受，或者找不到工作。

30.accomplice/accessory 从犯

The parents of some youth offenders are, to some extent, their accomplice/accessory because they left their children uneducated.

一些青年犯罪者的家长从一定程度上来说是他们的从犯，因为他们没有教育好自己的孩子。

31.victim 受害者

Some teenagers are the victims of Domestic violence and campus violence, which causes them severe psychological problems.

一些青少年是家庭力和校园暴力的受害者，这给他们带来了很严重的心理问题。

32. resent society/ hold a grudge against society 憎恨社会

If the criminals, after being released from prison, are not accepted by other people or are rejected in job application due to the criminal records, they will probably resent society/hold a grudge against society.

如果罪犯得到释放之后不被其他人接纳，或者在找工作的时候因为犯罪背景而被拒绝，他们会憎恨社会。

李向鸿老师，作品《梦里老家》

33.educate criminals 教育罪犯

Therefore, it is of crucial importance to educate criminals in both legal knowledge and practical skills that can prepare them for a normal life after their sentence.

因此，十分重要的是要教育罪犯学习法律知识和实用技能，让他们能够在结束服刑之后过上正常生活。

34.lenient 宽容的

It is understandable that the whole society holds prejudices against criminals even after they serve their sentence, but we should be lenient to give them a second chance.

可以理解整个社会对犯罪分子持有偏见，即使他们已经完成服刑，但是我们应该宽容一点再给他们一次机会。

35. first-time offender 初犯的人

It is not uncommon that first-time offenders commit crimes again after they finish their sentence term.

初犯的人在服完刑之后再次犯罪的情况并不少见。

36. hardened criminals/repeat criminals 惯犯

Severe penalty should be imposed to hardened/repeat criminals, and there should also be supervision over them if they are released from the prison.

惯犯应该接受重罚，并且他们出狱之后应该受到监视。

37. the crime is rampant 作案猖獗

It is often the case that crimes are rampant in poor regions where unemployment rate is high.

通常情况下在失业率比较高的贫穷地区作案猖獗。

38.curb/halt the rampant(adj) crime 遏制猖獗的犯罪

There is actually not much that ordinary people can do to curb/halt the rampant crimes.

在遏制猖獗的犯罪上，普通人能做的并不多。

39.law-abiding citizens 守法的公民

The government should launch publicity activities and produce TV programs to inform people of the importance of being law-abiding citizens.

政府应该举办宣传活动，制作电视节目告知人们做守法的公民的重要性。

40.abide by/ comply with the law 遵守法律

Children should be taught to abide by/comply with the law by both their teachers and parents, otherwise they will probably conduct some illegal activities.

老师和家长应该教会小孩遵守法律，否则他们可能会做出一些违法活动。

胡记领 《富贵有余》

41.disregard 无视

People who disregard and defy laws will eventually become the victim of their own evil deeds.

无视和蔑视法律的人最终会自食恶果的。

42.traumatise someone 给某人造成心理创伤

Domestic violence will definitely traumatize the children, leaving them depressed, timid and anxious.

家庭暴力会给小孩造成心理创伤，使他们抑郁、胆小和焦虑。

43. track down/hunt down/ capture 抓捕

Supervision of criminals released from the prison is necessary, so the police can easily track down/hunt down/capture them once they do anything illegal.

有必要监视那些从监狱里释放的罪犯，这样一旦他们做了任何非法的事警察可以轻松的抓捕他们。

44. premeditated crime 有预谋的犯罪

There exists a clear difference between a crime of passion and premeditated crime.

激情犯罪和预谋犯罪之间存在明显差异。

45.criminal tendency 犯罪倾向

Some minors develop a criminal tendency because they imitate what they see on the media, and thus the government should enhance their supervision in this regard and set strict age limitation.

一些年轻人之所以出现犯罪倾向是因为他们模仿他们在媒体上看到的内容，因此政府应该在这方面加强监管，设定严格的年龄限制。

46. combat, fight, tackle, beat, curb 打击（犯罪行为）

The police and the whole society should make joint efforts to combat/fight against /tackle/beat/curb criminal activities to make the society more stable and safe.

警察和整个社会应该联手打击犯罪行为，让社会变得更稳定、安全。

47.juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

Irresponsible parents and misleading information from the media are the major causes of juvenile delinquency.

不负责任的父母以及来自媒体的误导信息是青少年犯罪的主要原因。

48.self-control 自控能力

The lack of self-control and the inability to resist temptation are the fundamental causes of minor crimes, which can be solved by enhancing education on those below 18.

缺少自控力以及无力抵抗诱惑是未成年犯罪的基本原因，可以通过加强对未成年的教育来解决这一问题。

付庆五老师作品《德寿图》

49.resist temptation 抵制诱惑

Teenagers are still at an age when they have difficulty resisting temptation, which will easily lead them to some illegal activities.

青少年仍然处在比较难抵制诱惑的年纪，这将会很容易让他们做出一些违法的活动。

50.go astray 误入歧途

Influenced by television shows and films that are full of crime scenes, children are likely to go astray if no proper guidance and education is provided.

受到充满犯罪场景的电视节目和电影的影响，如果没有正确的指引和教育，小孩有可能会误入歧途。

51.divorce rate 离婚率

An increase in divorce rate is likely to cause a rise in crime rate, especially that of juvenile crime.

离婚率的上升有可能会引起犯罪率上涨，尤其是青少年犯罪。

52.domestic violence 家庭暴力

A large proportion of the criminals suffered from domestic violence when they were a child, which could be a reason why they conducted crimes later in life.

很大比例的罪犯小时候都遭受过家庭暴力，这也是他们在之后的人生里犯罪的一个原因。

53.supervise 监督

Parents should supervise their children's behaviors and offer them guidance when they do something wrong.

家长应该监督孩子们的行为，并且在他们做错事情的时候引导他们。

54.innocent 无辜的

It is reasonable to say that most parents of juvenile criminals are not innocent since people are not born evil.

既然人并不是天生就邪恶的，那么我们可以合理的认为大多数青少年罪犯的父母并不无辜。

周佑林作品 春风又绿江南岸

55. be flooded with 泛滥

The internet is flooded with violence and bloodiness, which can certainly affect teenagers who are not mature enough or fail to differentiate between the right and wrong.

互联网上暴力和血腥泛滥，这必定会影响还不够成熟或者不能明辨是非的青少年。

56.reeducation 再教育

Prisoner reeducation is of crucial importance, through which they can develop a deeper understanding of ethical and legal behaviors.

罪犯再教育是至关重要的，通过再教育，他们可以对道德合法行为有更深的了解。

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