考研英语语法口诀大全(零基础语法笔记)
[what]什么是时态?时:动作发生的时间(现在/过去/将来),下面我们就来聊聊关于考研英语语法口诀大全?接下来我们就一起去了解一下吧!
考研英语语法口诀大全
[what]什么是时态?
时:动作发生的时间(现在/过去/将来)。
态:动作在某个时刻的状态(一般/进行/完成)。
Part 01 一般态(现在/过去/将来)
①一般现在时
例句:The boy usually gets to school early.
形式:主语 do/does;主语 am/is/are
标志词:always,usually,sometimes,often,never,every day/week/month/year/...等
动词三单变化规则
1.一般情况下,在动词后加s
如:
look→looks get→gets
2.以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词加es
如:
teach→teaches wash→washes
pass→passes fix→fixes
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y改为i,再加es
如:
fly→flies study→studies
4.特殊变化
如:
have→has be→is
练一练↓
1、她每天都吃一块蛋糕。
答:She eats a piece of cake every day.
2、Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.
答:大多数与工作相关的行为都含有多个要素。
②一般过去时
例句:The boy stayed at the school library last night.
形式:主语 did;主语 was/were.
标志词:yesterday,yesterday morning,last year/month/week...,
three weeks/months...ago,
In 过去时间 等等
背:动词过去式变化表
练一练↓
1、他五天前在街上遇到了前女友。
答:He met his ex-girlfriend five days ago on the street.
2、People complained that buses were late and infrequent.
答:人们过去抱怨公交车晚点而且班次少。
③一般将来时
例句:The boy will come to the school library tomorrow.
形式:主语 will/shall do;主语 be going to do
标志词:tomorrow,in the future,next year/week...,in 一段时间等等
主将从现
在含有条件状语从句或时间状语从句的复合句中:
从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时。且用will而不用be going to。
如:
Mum will go to Beijing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
When you get home,you will find a new bike in your garden.
练一练↓
1、你们将会通过考试。
答:You will pass the exam.
2、Travel on a London bus and you’ll quickly see how this works with drivers.
答:乘坐伦敦公交车出行,你很快就会明白这是如何发生在司机身上的。
3、如果他邀请我,我就去参加晚会。
答:If he invites me,I will go to the party.
综合练习:
判断以下句子是什么时态,并翻译。
1、When you see him,he will give you the book.
答:当你看到他时,他会把书给你。(一般将来时)
2、The war broke out two years ago.
答:战争在两年前爆发。(一般过去时)
3、I get up at 9 every day.
答:我每天早上9点起床。(一般现在时)
Part 02 进行态(现在/过去)
④现在进行时
例句:The boy is running now.
定义:此时此刻正在进行的动作;现阶段一直进行的动作。
形式:主语 am/is/are doing
标志词:now,at the moment,at present,these days,
Look!Listen!Look out!等等
现在分词构成规则
1.一般在动词词尾加-ing,如:read→reading
2.以不发音e结尾,去e加-ing,如:write→writing
3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这一字母,再加-ing.
如:swim→swimming
run→running
cut→cutting
shop→shopping
sit→sitting
4.特殊变化:lie→lying平躺,die→dying死亡,tie→tying系
现在进行时表示“将来”
表示按计划预定的或即将发生的动作,常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。
常用于趋向性短暂动词:come,arrive,leave,go,begin,start,take,bring,die等。
The bus is coming.
When are you starting?
练一练↓
1、现在,琳达的哥哥正在他的卧室里看电视。
答:Linda’s brother is watching TV in his bedroom now.
2、Emphasize that you’re only offering your opinion,not gospel truth.
答:强调你仅仅是在提供自己的意见,(而)不是(呈现)绝对真理。
⑤过去进行时
例句:We were watch TV form seven to nine last night.
定义:表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作;过去某段时间持续进行的动作。
形式:主语 was/were doing
标志词:at XXX o’clock last night,from XXX to XXX yesterday,
at that time,the whole morning 等等
练一练↓
1、昨天晚上九点Lucy在做什么?
答:What was Lucy doing at nine o’clock yesterday?
2、昨天这个时候,我们正在上英语课。
答:This time yesterday,we were having an English lesson.
Part 03 完成态(现在/过去)
⑥现在完成时
例句:The boy has already left here.
定义:
动作发生在过去,对现在有影响。
动作发生在过去,持续到现在并有可能持续下去。
形式:主语 have/has done
标志词:already,yet,recently,so far,in the past few years,
since 时间点,for 时间段
&for 一段时间
如:
I have been here for 5 weeks.
He’s studied English for 3 years.
Since(表示过去某一时间的)时间点;(ever)since加强语气。
如:
I have been here since 2000.
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
背:过去分词变化规则。
练一练↓
1、我自从1234年就为这家公司工作。
答:I have worked for this company since 1234.
2、In the UK,it has become a big talking point recently too,for a rather particular reason:Brexit.
答:在英国,它最近也成了重大议题,原因相当独特:脱欧。
⑦过去完成时
例句:By the end of last year,I had passed all the exams.
定义:在过去某时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,“过去的过去”。
形式:主语 had done
标志词:by,by the time,by the end of等等
练一练↓
1、在他的朋友回来之前,他已经离开了。
答:He had left before his friend came back.
2、Other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans.
答:其他包括亚马逊和迪士尼在内的公司也已承诺会制定各自的方案。
µ综合练习:
判断句子要用何种时态,并翻译。
1、迄今为止我已经读了2000本书。
答:I have read two thousand books so far.
2、昨天下午两点他正在看电影。
答:He was watching a movie at two o’clock yesterday afternoon.
3、许多小孩正在河里游泳。
答:Many children are swimming in the river.
[送心]总结:
①一般现在时:主语 do/does;主语 am/is/are
②一般过去时:主语 did;主语 was/were
③一般将来时:主语 will/shall do;主语 be going to do
④现在进行时:主语 am/is/are doing
⑤过去进行时:主语 was/were doing
⑥现在完成时:主语 have/has done
⑦过去完成时:主语 had done
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