每日一词congenial（每日一词根FRAGFRACT）

FRAG/FRACT comes from Latin Verb frangere "to break"(打破), frag是frang的不定式词干, fract是其动名词词干, 注: frang的另外一个变体形式为fring, 另外还有一个变体形式为fra(e.g. frail <- fraile(法) <- fragilis(Latin)). From PIE root *bhreg-"to break".

FRAG/FRACT思维导图

fraction ['frækʃən] n. 分数；部分；小部分；稍微 CET4 TEM4 TOEFL GRE IELTS 考研

[拆] fract(break) ion(n后缀) -> 打碎的东西 -> 碎片

● COLLINS

n-count a fraction of something is a tiny amount or proportion of it. 少量; n-count a fraction is a number that can be expressed as a proportion of two whole numbers. for example, 1/2 and 1/3 are both fractions. 分数

● 拓展

fractionally ['frækʃənəli] adv. 微小地；极少地

fractional ['frækʃənl] adj. 部分的；[数] 分数的，小数的

fracture ['fræktʃɚ] n. 破裂，断裂；[外科] 骨折 vi. 破裂；折断 vt. 使破裂

● e.g.

fractional distillation 【化】分馏

fragment ['fræɡmənt] n. 碎片；片段或不完整部分 vt. 使成碎片 vi. 破碎或裂开 CET4 TEM4 TOEFL GRE IELTS 考研

[拆] frag(break) ment(n后缀) -> 打碎的东西 -> 碎片

● COLLINS

n-count a fragment of something is a small piece or part of it. 碎片; 片段; v-t/v-i if something fragments or is fragmented, it breaks or separates into small pieces or parts. 碎裂;

● 拓展

fragmentation [,frægmən'teʃən] n. 破碎；分裂；[计] 存储残片

fragmentary ['frægmən'tɛri] adj. 碎片的；不完全的；断断续续的

● e.g.

put the fragments of a broken vase together 把破碎的花瓶碎片拼在一起

fragile ['frædʒəl] adj. 脆的；易碎的 CET6 TEM4 考研 IELTS GRE 考研

[拆] frag(break) ile(能...的) -> 易碎的

● COLLINS

adj if you describe a situation as fragile, you mean that it is weak or uncertain, and unlikely to be able to resist strong pressure or attack. 脆弱的 [journalism]; adj something that is fragile is easily broken or damaged. 易碎的

● 拓展

fragility [frə'dʒɪləti] n. 脆弱；[力] 易碎性；虚弱

● [常用短语]

fragile china/health/happiness 易碎的花瓶/虚弱的体质/易逝的快乐

infraction [ɪn'frækʃən] n. 犯规，违法行为；（对法律、协定的）违背，违犯 GRE

[拆] in(in, into) fract(break) ion(n后缀) -> 从内部打碎 -> 违反规则, 破坏秩序

● COLLINS

n-count an infraction of a rule or law is an instance of breaking it. 违犯 [oft n 'of' n]

● e.g.

an infraction of school rules.一次对校规的违犯

diffract [dɪ'frækt] vt. 衍射；使…分散；碾碎 vi. 衍射 CET4

[拆] dif(apart) fract(break) -> 打碎分开 -> 使...分散

● COLLINS

v to undergo or cause to undergo diffraction (使)衍射

diffraction [dɪ'frækʃən] n. （光，声等的）衍射，绕射

refract [rɪ'frækt] vt. 使折射 CET4 TOEFL

[拆] re(back) fract(打碎) -> 打碎, 一部分反射回去 -> 折射

● COLLINS

v-t/v-i when a ray of light or a sound wave refracts or is refracted, the path it follows bends at a particular point, for example when it enters water or glass. (使)折射;

● 拓展

refraction [rɪ'frækʃən] n. 折射；折光

refractory [rɪ'fræktəri] adj. 难治的；难熔的；不听话的 n. 倔强的人；耐火物质

frail [frel] adj. 脆弱的；虚弱的 n. 灯心草篓；少妇；少女 CET6 TEM4 IELTS GRE

[源] frail <- fraile(法) <- fragilis(Latin)

● COLLINS

adj someone who is frail is not very strong or healthy. 虚弱的; adj something that is frail is easily broken or damaged. 易碎的; 易坏的; n a rush basket for figs or raisins (装无花果或葡萄干的)灯心草篮

● 拓展

frailty ['frelti] n. 虚弱；弱点；意志薄弱

● e.g.

frail child 虚弱的孩子 frail happiness 易逝的幸福

suffrage ['sʌfrɪdʒ] n. 选举权；投票；参政权；代祷；赞成票 TEM8 GRE

[拆] suf(under) frag(break) e -> 在下面打碎的很彻底(表相反的方面 -> 支持(物极必反)) -> 投票

● COLLINS

n-uncount suffrage is the right of people to vote for a government or national leader. 选举权 [正式]

● 拓展

suffragist ['sʌfrədʒɪst] n. 妇女政权论者；参政权扩大论者

● e.g.

the women's suffrage movement. 女性选举权运动

infringe [ɪn'frɪndʒ] vt. 侵犯；违反；破坏 vi. 侵犯；侵害 CET6 TEM8 IELTS GRE

[拆] in(against, in) fring(break) e -> 从内部打碎 -> 违反;

● COLLINS

v-t if someone infringes a law or a rule, they break it or do something that disobeys it. 违反; v-t/v-i if something infringes people's rights, or infringes on them, it interferes with these rights and does not allow people the freedom they are entitled to. 侵犯

● e.g.

The film exploited his image and infringed his copyright. 该影片利用了他的肖像，侵犯了他的肖像权

refrain [rɪ'fren] vi. 节制，克制；避免；制止 n. 叠句，副歌；重复 CET6 TEM4 考研 IELTS GRE

[拆] re(back) frain(break) -> 原义指中断歌声后重新开始 -> 副歌; 重复

● COLLINS

v-i if you refrain from doing something, you deliberately do not do it. 忍住; 克制; n-count a refrain is a short, simple part of a song, which is repeated many times. 副歌; n-count a refrain is a comment or saying that people often repeat. 一再重复的话

● e.g.

Mrs. hardie refrained from making any comment. 哈迪太太忍住了没做任何评论

Endurance is a much better test of character than act of heroism.

忍耐要比逞英雄更要考验人的品格.

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