matlabgui实时绘图实例（MATLAB的guide制作平抛运动GUI界面步骤加程序）

　平抛运动：物体以一定的初速度沿水平方向抛出，如果物体运动过程中仅受重力作用。平抛运动可看作：水平方向的匀速直线运动以及竖直方向做自由落体运动的合运动。

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1.界面设计

MATLAB提供了可视化的用户界面开发环境(GUDevelopment Environment, GuIDE),实现“所见即所得”。GUIDE可方便的创建GUI应用程序,它可以根据用户设计的GUI布局,自动生成M文件的框架,用户使用这一框架编制自己的应用程序。在MATLAB的命令行窗口中键入guide可以打开GUIDE。不过目前matlab更推荐使用appdesigner。

步骤1：在MATLAB命令窗口输入guide

Blank GUI(默认) 一GUI with Uicontrols(带控件对象的GUI模板) GUI with Axes and Menu(带坐标轴与菜单的GUI模板) Modal Question Dialog(带模式问话对话框的GUI模板)

选择模板创建gui后，保存文件后，会产生.fig文件以及一个同名字的M文件（注：不可更改为不一致的文件名，否则运行要出错，如果需要修改就是要把程序中的所有相同的名称进行修改）。

步骤2：设计并完成GUI的图形控件布局

完成布局后fig界面如下

使用的控件包括静态文本控件、可编辑文本控件、面板控件、普通按钮控件、坐标区控件。

对于控件和界面画布要统一修改的属性是FontUnits（字体单位）、Units(测量单位属性)。因为不同人的电脑的屏幕大小不同，我们设计的GUI界面的控件大小最好是要能够适应所有尺寸的大小，因为将FontUnits和 Units属性都设置为normalized属性。

（1）FontUnits - 字体单位

'points' （默认） | 'normalized' | 'inches' | 'centimeters' | 'pixels'

字体单位，指定为下表中的值之一。

单位值	说明
'points'	磅。1 磅等于 1/72 英寸。
'normalized'	归一化值，将字体大小指定为高度的一定比例。当您调整 UI 组件的大小时，MATLAB 会缩放显示的字体以保持该比例。
'inches'	英寸。
'centimeters'	厘米。
'pixels'	像素。

(2) Units - 测量单位

'pixels' （默认） | 'normalized' | 'inches' | 'centimeters' | 'points' | 'characters'

步骤3 设置各个按键的回调函数以及相应控件的程序

（1）修改界面左上角的名称的程序要在GUI的打开的回调函数中执行。

function pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn. % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % varargin command line arguments to pingpaoGUI (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for pingpaoGUI handles.output = hObject; movegui(gcf,'center'); set(gcf,'NumberTitle','off','Name','平抛运动GUI计算系统'); % Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes pingpaoGUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME) % uiwait(handles.figure1);

（2）开始计算按键的回调函数，将平抛运动的过程转化为编程语言，同时获取平抛运动的参数，实现过程绘图。

function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) H = str2num(get(handles.edit1,'string')); v0= str2num(get(handles.edit2,'string')); g = 9.8; T= sqrt(2*H/g); X= v0*T; t = 0:0.01:T; xt = v0.*t; yt = v0*T-1/2*g.*t; S = H-1/2.*g*(xt/v0).^2; vx = v0 zeros(1,length(t)); vy = g.*t; v = sqrt(vx.^2 vy.^2); axes(handles.axes1); plot(xt,S,'linewidth',2); xlabel('水平位移(m)'); ylabel('高度(m)'); grid on; hold on; title('小球运行轨迹图'); axes(handles.axes2); plot(t,v,'linewidth',2); xlabel('时间(s)'); ylabel('速度(m/s)'); grid on; hold on; title('小球速度随时间变化图'); set(handles.edit3,'string',num2str(T)); set(handles.edit4,'string',num2str(X));

（3）清除按键，将输入的数据中的文本设置为空，同时将在坐标区控件上的内容清除。

function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) set(handles.edit1,'string',''); set(handles.edit2,'string',''); set(handles.edit3,'string',''); set(handles.edit4,'string',''); try delete(allchild(handles.axes1)); end try delete(allchild(handles.axes2)); end

（4）关闭按键，关闭当前的GUI界面。

function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) closereq;

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2.界面使用说明

基于MATLAB的GUI界面设计了一个操作简单平抛运动GUI计算界面如下：

点击运行pingpaoGUI.m——输入平抛运动的抛出高度和水平初速度——点击开始计算即可出现结果。需要GUI的.m程序和fig文件，可以进行打赏后截图（10元及以上），进行联系，或者在微信公众号云龙派，点击“联系掌门”进行联系，或者在公众号内回复截图，几小时内会回复。界面编程不易，还请见谅！注：平抛运动GUI的完整程序在文章结尾部分，可以自行观看操作视频通过guide设计gui界面，实现相应的功能。

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2.界面举例计算

Step1：输入平抛运动的高度和初速度

Step2：点击开始运动

Step3：可以继续输入新的高度，初速度保持不变。

Step3：可以继续输入新的初速度，高度保持不变。

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3.GUI完整程序如下

function varargout = pingpaoGUI(varargin) % PINGPAOGUI MATLAB code for pingpaoGUI.fig % PINGPAOGUI, by itself, creates a new PINGPAOGUI or raises the existing % singleton*. % % H = PINGPAOGUI returns the handle to a new PINGPAOGUI or the handle to % the existing singleton*. % % PINGPAOGUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local % function named CALLBACK in PINGPAOGUI.M with the given input arguments. % % PINGPAOGUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new PINGPAOGUI or raises the % existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are % applied to the GUI before pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn gets called. An % unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application % stop. All inputs are passed to pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn via varargin. % % *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one % instance to run (singleton)". % % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help pingpaoGUI % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 15-Dec-2022 19:57:46 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT gui_Singleton = 1; gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ... 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ... 'gui_OpeningFcn', @pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn, ... 'gui_OutputFcn', @pingpaoGUI_OutputFcn, ... 'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ... 'gui_Callback', []); if nargin && ischar(varargin{1}) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1}); end if nargout [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); end % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % --- Executes just before pingpaoGUI is made visible. function pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn. % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % varargin command line arguments to pingpaoGUI (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for pingpaoGUI handles.output = hObject; movegui(gcf,'center'); set(gcf,'NumberTitle','off','Name','平抛运动GUI计算系统'); % Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes pingpaoGUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME) % uiwait(handles.figure1); % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line. function varargout = pingpaoGUI_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT); % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structure varargout{1} = handles.output; % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1. function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) H = str2num(get(handles.edit1,'string')); v0= str2num(get(handles.edit2,'string')); g = 9.8; T= sqrt(2*H/g); X= v0*T; t = 0:0.01:T; xt = v0.*t; yt = v0*T-1/2*g.*t; S = H-1/2.*g*(xt/v0).^2; vx = v0 zeros(1,length(t)); vy = g.*t; v = sqrt(vx.^2 vy.^2); axes(handles.axes1); plot(xt,S,'linewidth',2); xlabel('水平位移(m)'); ylabel('高度(m)'); grid on; hold on; title('小球运行轨迹图'); axes(handles.axes2); plot(t,v,'linewidth',2); xlabel('时间(s)'); ylabel('速度(m/s)'); grid on; hold on; title('小球速度随时间变化图'); set(handles.edit3,'string',num2str(T)); set(handles.edit4,'string',num2str(X)); % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2. function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) set(handles.edit1,'string',''); set(handles.edit2,'string',''); set(handles.edit3,'string',''); set(handles.edit4,'string',''); try delete(allchild(handles.axes1)); end try delete(allchild(handles.axes2)); end % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3. function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) closereq; function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text % str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. % See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); end function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text % str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. % See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); end function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text % str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. % See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); end function edit4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit4 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit4 as text % str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit4 as a double % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit4_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit4 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. % See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); end

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作 者 | 郭志龙编 辑 | 郭志龙校 对 | 郭志龙

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